CN108417892B - Electrolyte for ternary battery and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Electrolyte for ternary battery and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN108417892B
CN108417892B CN201810101966.2A CN201810101966A CN108417892B CN 108417892 B CN108417892 B CN 108417892B CN 201810101966 A CN201810101966 A CN 201810101966A CN 108417892 B CN108417892 B CN 108417892B
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electrolyte
lithium
carbonate
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ether
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CN108417892A (en
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杨慧敏
赵张宝
郑淑芬
贾跃祥
何培爽
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Gu'an Fengxing Technology Co ltd
BEIJING DINGNENG KAIYUAN BATTERY TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
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BEIJING DINGNENG KAIYUAN BATTERY TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0567Liquid materials characterised by the additives
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

The invention relates to an electrolyte for a ternary battery and a preparation method thereof, wherein the electrolyte is prepared from lithium salt, an organic solvent and a functional additive; wherein the functional additive is tris (trimethylsilane) borate and 3,3',5,5' -tetramethylbenzidine. The preparation method specifically comprises the following steps: and adding lithium salt into an organic solvent at the temperature of 0-10 ℃ to fully dissolve the lithium salt, and then adding tris (trimethylsilane) borate and 3,3',5,5' -tetramethylbenzidine to obtain the electrolyte for the ternary battery. According to the invention, through the mixing action of the tris (trimethylsilane) borate and the 3,3',5,5' -tetramethylbenzidine, the phenomena of rapid voltage drop and insufficient discharge capacity of the ternary power lithium battery during high-rate discharge can be effectively avoided, so that the problem of insufficient high-rate discharge capacity of the ternary power lithium battery, which troubles the industry all the time, is solved.

Description

Electrolyte for ternary battery and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium batteries, in particular to an electrolyte for a ternary battery and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The lithium battery is composed of four materials of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a diaphragm and electrolyte, and the electrolyte of the lithium battery is mostly liquid, namely electrolyte. The electrolyte plays a role in conducting electrons between the anode and the cathode of the battery, and the quality of the electrolyte directly influences the comprehensive performance of the lithium ion battery. Because the lithium ion battery has high charge and discharge potential and the positive electrode is embedded with lithium with larger chemical activity, the excellent electrolyte can meet the following requirements: good chemical stability, high ionic conductivity, wide temperature range, safety, no toxicity and the like.
The ternary battery has the advantages of high energy density, high working voltage, long service life, no memory effect, long endurance and the like, and becomes the focus of attention in recent years, and the ternary battery is growing in the field of power batteries. However, the charge-discharge rate performance always restricts the rapid development of the ternary battery, and especially the problem of insufficient high-rate discharge capacity is the key point of industrial research.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an electrolyte for improving the rate discharge performance of a ternary battery, which is prepared from a lithium salt, an organic solvent and a functional additive; wherein the functional additive is tris (trimethylsilane) borate and 3,3',5,5' -tetramethylbenzidine.
Preferably, the sum of the weight of the tris (trimethylsilane) borate and the weight of the 3,3',5,5' -tetramethylbenzidine accounts for 1 to 10 percent of the weight of the electrolyte; preferably 4% to 8%.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the tris (trimethylsilane) borate to the 3,3',5,5' -tetramethylbenzidine is 0.5-2: 1; preferably 1: 1.
Wherein the organic solvent is one or more of an ether solvent and an ester solvent;
preferably, the ether solvent is selected from one or more of diethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, dioxolane and dioxane;
the ester solvent is selected from one or more of propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl butyl carbonate, ethyl butyl carbonate, dibutyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, chloroethylene carbonate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, ethyl propionate and methyl butyrate.
Preferably, the water content of the organic solvent is not higher than 10 ppm.
When the organic solvent is provided in the form of a mixed solution of an ether solvent and an ester solvent, the effect is better; when the ether solvent is methyl ethyl ether, the ester solvent is ethylene carbonate or dimethyl carbonate; the application performance of the ethylene carbonate with high melting point is effectively improved after the ethylene carbonate with high melting point is mixed with the solvent with low melting point; especially, methyl ethyl ether is added on the basis of ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate, and finally, the discharge performance of the electrolyte is obviously improved.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the ether solvent to the ester solvent is: 8-12: 1;
more preferably, the organic solvent is: ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and methyl ethyl ether in a volume ratio of 5:5: 1.
Wherein, when the organic solvent is prepared in the following way, the quality of the prepared electrolyte is effectively guaranteed.
The preparation of the organic solvent comprises the following steps: and fully mixing the ether solvent and the ester solvent according to a proportion under the environment that the dew point is lower than-45 ℃ and the oxygen content is less than 3 ppm.
Wherein the lithium salt is selected from one or more of lithium iodide, lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium hexafluorophosphate and lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate;
preferably, 0.8 to 1.5mol of the lithium salt is dissolved per 1L of the organic solvent;
more preferably, 1mol of the lithium salt is dissolved in 1L of the organic solvent.
Preferably, the water content of the tris (trimethylsilane) borate and 3,3',5,5' -tetramethylbenzidine is not higher than 5 ppm.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above electrolyte, specifically comprising: and adding lithium salt into an organic solvent at the temperature of 0-10 ℃ to fully dissolve the lithium salt, and then adding tris (trimethylsilane) borate and 3,3',5,5' -tetramethylbenzidine to obtain the electrolyte for the ternary battery.
The invention provides a preferable scheme, and the preparation method specifically comprises the steps of adding lithium hexafluorophosphate into an organic solvent with the water content of not higher than 10ppm according to the concentration of 1mol/L at the temperature of 0-10 ℃, fully dissolving the lithium hexafluorophosphate, adding tris (trimethylsilane) borate and 4% 3,3',5,5' -tetramethylbenzidine which account for 4% of the total weight of the electrolyte, and fully mixing to obtain the electrolyte for the ternary battery;
wherein the water content of the tris (trimethylsilane) borate and the 3,3',5,5' -tetramethylbenzidine is not higher than 5 ppm.
The electrolyte prepared by any one of the preparation methods can be used for a ternary battery.
The ternary battery can effectively avoid the phenomena of rapid voltage drop and insufficient discharge capacity during high-rate discharge of the ternary power lithium battery through the mixing action of the tris (trimethylsilane) borate and the 3,3',5,5' -tetramethylbenzidine, thereby solving the problem of insufficient high-rate discharge capacity of the ternary battery which always troubles the industry.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of an electrolyte for a ternary battery; the method comprises the following steps:
1) fully mixing ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and methyl ethyl ether in a volume ratio of 5:5:1 under the environment that the dew point is lower than-45 ℃ and the oxygen content is less than 3ppm to prepare an organic solvent for later use;
2) adding lithium hexafluorophosphate into an organic solvent with the water content of not higher than 10ppm according to the concentration of 1mol/L at the temperature of 0-10 ℃ to fully dissolve the lithium hexafluorophosphate, then adding tris (trimethylsilane) borate accounting for 4 percent of the total weight of the electrolyte and 4 percent of 3,3',5,5' -tetramethylbenzidine, and fully mixing to obtain the electrolyte for the ternary battery;
wherein the tris (trimethylsilane) borate and 3,3',5,5' -tetramethylbenzidine have a water content of not more than 5 ppm;
example 2
This example provides a method for preparing an electrolyte for a ternary battery, and the only difference between this example and example 1 is that:
in the step 2), "adding tris (trimethylsilane) borate in an amount of 4% by weight and 3,3',5,5' -tetramethylbenzidine in an amount of 4% by weight based on the total weight of the electrolyte" is replaced with "adding tris (trimethylsilane) borate in an amount of 2% by weight and 3,3',5,5' -tetramethylbenzidine in an amount of 2% by weight based on the total weight of the electrolyte".
Example 3
This example provides a method for preparing an electrolyte for a ternary battery, and the only difference between this example and example 1 is that:
in the step 2), "adding tris (trimethylsilane) borate in an amount of 4% by weight of the total weight of the electrolyte and 4% 3,3',5,5' -tetramethylbenzidine" is replaced with "adding tris (trimethylsilane) borate in an amount of 2% by weight of the total weight of the electrolyte".
Example 4
This example provides a method for preparing an electrolyte for a ternary battery, and the only difference between this example and example 1 is that:
in the step 2), "adding tris (trimethylsilane) borate in an amount of 4% by weight of the total weight of the electrolyte and 4% 3,3',5,5' -tetramethylbenzidine" is replaced with "adding 3,3',5,5' -tetramethylbenzidine in an amount of 2% by weight of the total weight of the electrolyte".
Example 5
The embodiment provides a preparation method of an electrolyte for a ternary battery; this example differs from example 1 only in that:
the volume ratio of the ethylene carbonate, the dimethyl carbonate and the methyl ethyl ether in the step 1) is 1:1: 1.
Example 6
The embodiment provides a preparation method of an electrolyte for a ternary battery; this example differs from example 1 only in that:
the volume ratio of the ethylene carbonate, the dimethyl carbonate and the methyl ethyl ether in the step 1) is 1:4: 4.
Example 7
The embodiment provides a preparation method of an electrolyte for a ternary battery; this example differs from example 1 only in that:
in the step 1), the methyl ethyl ether is replaced by the glycol dimethyl ether.
Comparative example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of an electrolyte for a ternary battery; this comparative example differs from example 1 only in that:
in the step 1), the step of fully mixing ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and methyl ethyl ether in a volume ratio of 5:5:1 is replaced by the step of fully mixing ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate in a volume ratio of 1: 1.
Experimental example 1
186590 square aluminum-shell batteries and commercially available 18650 batteries are prepared from the electrolyte prepared in the examples 1-7 and the comparative example 1, and the discharge capacities of 1C and 3C are detected under the conditions of GB-T31484-:
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0001566604300000051
Figure BDA0001566604300000061
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove by way of general description, specific embodiments and experiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many modifications and improvements can be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims (34)

1. The electrolyte for the ternary battery is characterized by being prepared from lithium salt, an organic solvent and a functional additive; wherein the functional additive is tris (trimethylsilane) borate and 3,3',5,5' -tetramethylbenzidine.
2. The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the sum of the weight of tris (trimethylsilane) borate and 3,3',5,5' -tetramethylbenzidine is 1% to 10% of the electrolyte.
3. The electrolyte of claim 2, wherein the sum of the weight of tris (trimethylsilane) borate and 3,3',5,5' -tetramethylbenzidine is 4% to 8% of the electrolyte.
4. The electrolyte of claim 3, wherein the tris (trimethylsilane) borate and 3,3',5,5' -tetramethylbenzidine have a water content of no more than 5 ppm.
5. The electrolyte of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the weight ratio of the tris (trimethylsilane) borate to the 3,3',5,5' -tetramethylbenzidine is 0.5 to 2: 1.
6. The electrolyte of claim 5, wherein the weight ratio of tris (trimethylsilane) borate to 3,3',5,5' -tetramethylbenzidine is 1: 1.
7. The electrolyte of claim 5, wherein the organic solvent is an ether solvent, and/or an ester solvent;
the ester solvent is selected from one or more of propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl butyl carbonate, ethyl butyl carbonate, dibutyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, chloroethylene carbonate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, ethyl propionate and methyl butyrate.
8. The electrolyte of claim 6, wherein the organic solvent is an ether solvent, and/or an ester solvent;
the ester solvent is selected from one or more of propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl butyl carbonate, ethyl butyl carbonate, dibutyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, chloroethylene carbonate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, ethyl propionate and methyl butyrate.
9. The electrolyte as claimed in claim 7 or 8, wherein the ether solvent is selected from one or more of diethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, dioxolane, dioxane.
10. The electrolyte of claim 9, wherein the organic solvent has a water content of not higher than 10 ppm.
11. The electrolyte solution according to any one of claims 1 to 4, 6 to 8, or 10, wherein the organic solvent is a mixed solvent of an ether solvent and an ester solvent.
12. The electrolyte according to claim 11, wherein the volume ratio of the ether solvent to the ester solvent is: 8-12: 1.
13. The electrolyte of claim 12, wherein the organic solvent is: ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and methyl ethyl ether in a volume ratio of 5:5: 1.
14. The electrolyte according to claim 5, wherein the organic solvent is a mixed solvent of an ether solvent and an ester solvent.
15. The electrolyte according to claim 9, wherein the organic solvent is a mixed solvent of an ether solvent and an ester solvent.
16. The electrolyte according to claim 14 or 15, wherein a volume ratio of the ether solvent to the ester solvent is: 8-12: 1.
17. The electrolyte of claim 16, wherein the organic solvent is: ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and methyl ethyl ether in a volume ratio of 5:5: 1.
18. The electrolyte of any one of claims 7, 8, 10, 12-15, or 17, wherein the organic solvent is specifically formulated as: and fully mixing the ether solvent and the ester solvent according to a proportion under the environment that the dew point is lower than-45 ℃ and the oxygen content is less than 3 ppm.
19. The electrolyte according to claim 9, wherein the organic solvent is specifically formulated as: and fully mixing the ether solvent and the ester solvent according to a proportion under the environment that the dew point is lower than-45 ℃ and the oxygen content is less than 3 ppm.
20. The electrolyte of claim 11, wherein the organic solvent is specifically formulated as: and fully mixing the ether solvent and the ester solvent according to a proportion under the environment that the dew point is lower than-45 ℃ and the oxygen content is less than 3 ppm.
21. The electrolyte of claim 16, wherein the organic solvent is specifically formulated as: and fully mixing the ether solvent and the ester solvent according to a proportion under the environment that the dew point is lower than-45 ℃ and the oxygen content is less than 3 ppm.
22. The electrolyte of any one of claims 1 to 4, 6 to 8, 10, 12 to 15, 17, 19 to 21, wherein the lithium salt is one or more selected from lithium iodide, lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium hexafluorophosphate and lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate.
23. The electrolyte of claim 22, wherein 0.8 to 1.5mol of the lithium salt is dissolved per 1L of the organic solvent.
24. The electrolyte of claim 23, wherein 1mol of the lithium salt is dissolved in 1L of the organic solvent.
25. The electrolyte according to claim 5, wherein the lithium salt is selected from one or more of lithium iodide, lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium hexafluorophosphate and lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate.
26. The electrolyte according to claim 9, wherein the lithium salt is selected from one or more of lithium iodide, lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium hexafluorophosphate and lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate.
27. The electrolyte according to claim 11, wherein the lithium salt is selected from one or more of lithium iodide, lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium hexafluorophosphate and lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate.
28. The electrolyte according to claim 16, wherein the lithium salt is selected from one or more of lithium iodide, lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium hexafluorophosphate and lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate.
29. The electrolyte according to claim 18, wherein the lithium salt is selected from one or more of lithium iodide, lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium hexafluorophosphate and lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate.
30. The electrolyte of any one of claims 25 to 29, wherein 0.8 to 1.5mol of the lithium salt is dissolved in 1L of the organic solvent.
31. The electrolyte of claim 30, wherein 1mol of the lithium salt is dissolved in 1L of the organic solvent.
32. The method for preparing the electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 31, wherein the electrolyte for the ternary battery is obtained by adding a lithium salt into an organic solvent at a temperature of 0 to 10 ℃ to fully dissolve the lithium salt, and then adding tris (trimethylsilane) borate and 3,3',5,5' -tetramethylbenzidine.
33. The preparation method of claim 32, wherein lithium hexafluorophosphate is added to an organic solvent with a water content of not more than 10ppm at a concentration of 1mol/L at a temperature of 0 to 10 ℃ to be sufficiently dissolved, and then tris (trimethylsilane) borate and 4% 3,3',5,5' -tetramethylbenzidine, which account for 4% of the total weight of the electrolyte, are added and sufficiently mixed to obtain the electrolyte for the ternary battery;
wherein the water content of the tris (trimethylsilane) borate and the 3,3',5,5' -tetramethylbenzidine is not higher than 5 ppm.
34. A ternary battery comprising the electrolyte of claim 33.
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Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5837112A (en) * 1997-02-28 1998-11-17 Dragerwerk Ag Electrochemical measuring cell for detecting phosgene
CN105789686A (en) * 2016-03-18 2016-07-20 东莞市凯欣电池材料有限公司 High-capacity lithium ion battery electrolyte and high-capacity lithium ion battery
CN106611869A (en) * 2015-10-26 2017-05-03 三星Sdi株式会社 Rechargeable lithium battery

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5837112A (en) * 1997-02-28 1998-11-17 Dragerwerk Ag Electrochemical measuring cell for detecting phosgene
CN106611869A (en) * 2015-10-26 2017-05-03 三星Sdi株式会社 Rechargeable lithium battery
CN105789686A (en) * 2016-03-18 2016-07-20 东莞市凯欣电池材料有限公司 High-capacity lithium ion battery electrolyte and high-capacity lithium ion battery

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