CN105736688A - Automobile gear shifting device - Google Patents
Automobile gear shifting device Download PDFInfo
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- CN105736688A CN105736688A CN201610287888.0A CN201610287888A CN105736688A CN 105736688 A CN105736688 A CN 105736688A CN 201610287888 A CN201610287888 A CN 201610287888A CN 105736688 A CN105736688 A CN 105736688A
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- shifting power
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
- F16H59/02—Selector apparatus
- F16H59/08—Range selector apparatus
- F16H59/10—Range selector apparatus comprising levers
- F16H59/105—Range selector apparatus comprising levers consisting of electrical switches or sensors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
- F16H59/02—Selector apparatus
- F16H2059/0291—Selector apparatus comprising safety means for preventing injuries in case of accidents
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Arrangement Or Mounting Of Control Devices For Change-Speed Gearing (AREA)
- Control Of Transmission Device (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an automobile gear shifting device, comprising a mounting base; the mounting base is provided with a gear shifting power input member; the gear shifting power input member is movably arranged and matched on the mounting base; gears are arranged in a rotating range of the gear shifting power input member so as to realize the gear shifting by means of rotation of the gear shifting power input member. The automobile gear shifting device also comprises an electronic gear selecting mechanism, which comprises a plurality of signals sensing collecting members relatively and fixedly arranged on the mounting base or the gear shifting power input member and signal sensing applying members correspondingly arranged with the signal sensing collecting members. The automobile gear shifting device is characterized by further comprising a gear signal detection mechanism for signal detection when the gear shifting power input member rotates to each gear in a gear shifting process realized through the rotation of the gear shifting power input member. The automobile gear shifting device has the advantages that the structure is simple, safety is improved, reliability of gear shifting operation is improved, the driving convenience is improved under the condition that automobile safety risk is reduced so as to facilitate fault processing, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to automobile control system field, be specifically related to a kind of automobile gear shift device.
Background technology
Automobile gear shift device is to perform the device that shift transformation selects on automobile.Current automobile gearbox gear selection mechanism is divided into two kinds, a kind of block selecting device of the mechanical shift fork of employing being traditional, it is commonly called as manual gear, manipulation gear level rotational angle is relied on to switch between each gear, move realization gearshift by machinery shift fork driven gear, keep off switching between (P gear), reverse gear shift (R gear), neutral (N gear) and the gears at different levels (D1-D6) travelling gear in parking.Another kind is to adopt electronics block selecting device, it is commonly called as automatic catch, namely by handling the drive electronics gear selection mechanism action of gear level rotational angle, realize parking keeping off (P gear), reverse gear shift (R gear), neutral (N gear) and travelling the switching signal input keeping off (D gear) gathering, signal is delivered to after central processing unit processes and automobile power outfan is controlled again, when wherein travelling gear work running car, vehicle can detect voluntarily and judge vehicle condition and control automobile power output adjustment speed change to realize travelling the switching of gears at different levels in gear.In current automobile, owing to adopting automatic catch device to require simpler to the operation of human pilot, therefore increasing automobile begins with electronics block selecting device and realizes gearshift.
Definition according to vehicle safety international standard ISO26262, block selecting device belongs to one of the highest subsystem of safety requirements, the fault of block selecting device, it is possible to directly result in vehicle driver, passenger and the great personal injury of car nonlocal people, the loss of vehicle and other properties.Therefore when Automobile Design, in the designing requirement of gearshift, the requirement of reliability is more and more higher.
In current existing electronics block selecting device, gearshift generally comprises mounting seat, mounting seat is vertically provided with gear level, gear level lower end is installed in rotation in mounting seat by the rotating shaft of horizontally set, also include being relatively fixed multiple Hall elements of setting with mounting seat, and it is relatively fixed a magnetic induction block of setting with gear level, manipulation gear level rotates when carrying out gear shift operation, can enter within the scope of the induction region being switched to different Hall element with dynamic magnetic induction block, and then realize the collection to gear shifting signal, then signal is delivered to after central processing unit processes and automobile power outfan is controlled again.Such as China's number of patent application201410341973.1Disclosed a kind of gearshift, the one disclosed in number of patent application 201010234378.XVehicle automatic gear shifting devices etc. are all have employed said structure form.This electronics block selecting device compensate for the deficiency of machinery fork type block selecting device, has a higher electronics integrated level, gearshift automatization and intellectuality, easy operation and the advantage such as attractive in appearance.Simultaneously as Hall element and magnetic induction block are non-contact inductives, it is to avoid the inefficacy that the reasons such as dust dirt cause, improve reliability to a certain extent.But simultaneously, owing to Hall element belongs to electronic product, also it is dependent on circuit and central processing unit connects conveying signal, therefore under the factor influence such as vibration and dust of vehicle long run, still easily there is the risk that gear shifting signal collection was lost efficacy, cause that gear shift operation is malfunctioning, drive by force easily caused by great security incident.
At present,BMWAndJaguar、Land RoverUnder a lot of vehicles all have employing electronics block selecting device, if run into appeal failure of removal or short circuit, in order to ensure safety, take often to force the mode of locking to process automobile power outfan, to avoid the driving safety risk brought of cannot shifting gears, after it forces locking to be stopped, current shift cannot be discharged by the block selecting device of electronic type, trailer and rescue can only be fixed against, bring the inconvenience of driver behavior.
So, how to improve gear shift operation reliability, and make to improve driving convenience when automotive safety risk reduction, to facilitate troubleshooting, become the problem having considered solution.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved is: how to provide a kind of simple in construction, safety can be improved, improve gear shift operation reliability, and make to improve driving convenience when automotive safety risk reduction to facilitate the automobile gear shift device of troubleshooting.
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, present invention employs following technical scheme:
A kind of automobile gear shift device, including mounting seat, mounting seat is provided with shifting power input link, shifting power input link is moveably mounted cooperation in mounting seat, arrange in shifting power input link moving range several gears make shifting power input link rely on its move realize gear change, also include electronics gear selection mechanism, electronics gear selection mechanism includes being relatively fixed the multiple induction of signal acquisition member being arranged at mounting seat or shifting power input link, and and the induction of signal component that is correspondingly arranged of induction of signal acquisition member, induction of signal component is relatively fixed and is arranged in shifting power input link or mounting seat, and can enter into when making induction of signal component with shifting power input link moving gear shift in the induction range of induction of signal acquisition member and realize signals collecting；It is characterized in that, also include the shift signal testing agency that can carry out signal detection when shifting power input link moves and realizes in shift process, shifting power input link being turned to each gear.
This automobile gear shift device is installed and used for automatic catch vehicle, and during installation, the signal output part of induction of signal acquisition member and shift signal testing agency all connects with the vehicle electronic control unit (ECU) on automobile and provides shift signal for it.So, during normal operation in normal gear shift operation, relying on electronics gear selection mechanism to detect and provide shift signal to ECU and for the automobile clutch end corresponding gear shift operation of execution, the shift signal testing agency of increase can as the use of verification；And when fault occurs in electronics gear selection mechanism, after making gear shift operation normal signal cannot be detected, now ECU can control to report to the police, and relies on the shift signal that the shift signal testing agency helped out detects simultaneously, controls automobile power outfan and performs to perform gear shift operation accordingly.Ensure that when breaking down, while reporting to the police and reminding maintenance, vehicle can also realize gear shift operation under the assosting effect of shift signal testing agency and travel to maintenace point for maintenance, significantly reduce the malfunctioning danger brought of vehicle shift (when such as needing to be converted to reverse gear shift reversing by driving gear, if reverse gear shift malfunctioning will produce greatly dangerous), avoid gearshift inefficacy rear vehicle simultaneously and can only be forced locked being unable to stir any more and can only wait until the driving trouble that trailer and rescue bring.Thus make to improve driving convenience when automotive safety risk reduction to facilitate troubleshooting.
As optimization, described shifting power input link is vertically arranged gear level, and gear level lower end is installed in rotation in mounting seat by the rotating shaft of horizontally set.
So, simple in construction, and meet ordinary operation mode, facilitate gear shift operation.
As optimization, described induction of signal component is arranged on a fanning strip side surface, fanning strip and shifting power input link be fixing to be connected and can rotation therewith, the fan-shaped radian direction of fanning strip is consistent with shifting power input link direction of rotation, and the design of described induction of signal acquisition member is on the signals collecting wiring board that and fanning strip spacing parallel arranging arrange.
So, there is simple in construction and convenient installation, facilitate the advantages such as holding wire output connection.
As optimization, described induction of signal acquisition member quantity at least two, described induction of signal the number of components at least two so that the induced signal group output constituting different coding can be coordinated with shifting power input link when induction of signal component moves to different gear with induction of signal acquisition member.
In such manner, it is possible to rely on multiple induction of signal component and multiple induction of signal acquisition member to coordinate, it is achieved the induced signal group output after coding；The quantity of information contained in often group signal output can be improved to improve single testability organizing information, when the number of components relatively odd encoder complexity, self-inspection verification corrigendum it is capable of after makeing mistakes, so that after individual signal inductive pick-up component failure, correct gear information is exported after remaining able to self-inspection verification corrigendum, drastically increase gear information recognizability, improve drive safety.Simultaneously, when the number of components is less, it would however also be possible to employ less induction of signal acquisition member realizes more gear identification, is so equal to the quantity decreasing induction of signal acquisition member, just indirectly reduce individual signals inductive pick-up component failure and bring the probability of risk, improve safety.Such as when induction of signal acquisition member and induction of signal the number of components are minimum two component, dislocation coding can be relied on, namely induction of signal acquisition member and induction of signal component are mutually shifted as time just pair, it is able to detect that signal output high level information coding is designated as 1, can not detect that signal or the more weak output low level Signal coding of signal are designated as 0 after mobile dislocation, so may be constructed 00,01,11,10 4 groups of codings and realize the detection of four gears；And traditional electronics gear selection mechanism realizing four shift detections needs to arrange four induction of signal acquisition member and an induction of signal component；Owing to induction of signal member function is for sensed, therefore not havinging failure risk, failure risk all concentrates in induction of signal acquisition member.So realizing on the basis that four shift detections judge equally, when four risk sources are reduced to two risk sources, risk can be greatly reduced, improving safety.
As optimization, described induction of signal acquisition member quantity is consistent with automobile shift quantity and position and automobile shift one_to_one corresponding, and described induction of signal component correspondence induction of signal acquisition member is set to the mode that one, interval induction of signal acquisition member is correspondingly arranged an induction of signal component and arranges.
So, it is equal to and induction of signal component correspondence gear positions interval is arranged, quantity reduces half, when induction of signal is with in component setting area, there is induction of signal acquisition member corresponding to induction of signal component place and can collect stronger signal output high level, output information is encoded to 1, and the induction of signal acquisition member that empty place is corresponding can not collect signal or can only collect more weak signal output low level, and output Signal coding is O.Thus utilize room information to improve codec complexity, and this complexity is that the rule with fixed interval is produced, be thus more favorable for after having component failure carrying out self calibration testing corrigendum, export correct gear information, drastically increase autonomous error correcting capability.Such as when Automobile Design five or six gears, induction of signal acquisition member quantitative design is corresponding five or six, and induction of signal component is set to three of interval, when Automobile Design is four gears, induction of signal acquisition member quantitative design is corresponding four, and induction of signal component is set to two of interval.
As optimization, described induction of signal acquisition member is Hall element, and described induction of signal component is the S the permanent magnet extremely just direction of Hall element installed.
So, adopt Hall element and permanent magnet to coordinate and realize signal acquisition testing, there is the advantage that reliability is high.
As optimization, it is additionally provided with, between the permanent magnet that often direction of Hall element is extremely just being installed by adjacent two S, the signal shielding component preventing signal interference.
So, it is ensured that when Hall element detects the room between two S permanent magnet extremely just direction of Hall element installed, it is possible to by the signal disturbing of signal shielding component shielding left and right, it is ensured that detection is output as low level, it is more favorable for coding and distinguishes.
Further, described signal shielding component is the N the permanent magnet extremely just direction of Hall element installed.In such manner, it is possible to produce maximized signal shielding effect, reduce the locational space between adjacent induction of signal component, while reducing device volume, reduce interference, it is ensured that detection reliability and accuracy.
As optimization, described shift signal testing agency includes the encoder being arranged in rotating shaft, also includes being arranged in mounting seat and can detect the initial shift signal collection sensor that the initial shift signal of shifting power input link changes.
Wherein, initial gear is generally when parking gear, encoder and initial shift signal gather sensor installation and all connects with vehicle electronic control unit (ECU).So, when vehicle is started gear shift operation by parking gear, first rely on initial shift signal to gather sensor and initial signal labelling detected, then rely on encoder to detect the rotating shaft anglec of rotation, correspondence show that gear information checks the use of self-inspection as a comparison, drastically increases shift detection reliability.Self there is the small and exquisite redundant space that do not account for of simple in construction, convenient installation, reliability high simultaneously.Additionally, as optimization, after vehicle is started gear shift operation by parking gear, after initial shift signal collection sensor detects initial signal labelling, when judging to have been started up shifting gears, gear shifting signal first can be delivered to automobile power outfan, pretrigger gear shift operation by ECU, drastically increases gear shift operation efficiency.
As optimization, described encoder is mechanical contact electric brush type encoder.So, the mode adopting Mechanical Contact realizes the shift signal detection of shift signal testing agency, make itself and electronics gear selection mechanism adopt the mode of electromagnetic induction detection to distinguish principle to come, significantly reduce the risk that same accident causes electronics gear selection mechanism and shift signal testing agency to lose efficacy simultaneously.Ensure that have at least one group of mechanism's reliable operation, and then improve the reliability of gear shift operation better.
During enforcement, encoder includes the encoder inner loop component being fixed on rotating shaft, and sheathed cooperation, at encoder inner ring portion's outer surface and the encoder outer collar members fixing with mounting seat, also includes an encoder plug connector for signal output switching.So convenient installation is transferred with signal output.
As optimization, it is one that is fixed in mounting seat initial shift signal collection travel switch that initial shift signal gathers sensor, when described shifting power input link having the initial shift signal sensing contact part of correspondence and make shifting power input link be in initial gear, initial shift signal sensing contact part correspondence can touch initial shift signal collection travel switch, make it have simple in construction, detect reliable advantage.
nullAs optimization，Also include P gear and hold device tightly，P gear is held device tightly and is included one and be arranged in shifting power input link or its rotating shaft for realizing when P keeps off parking P gear is put mechanical type holding locked electromagnetic valve tightly，The P also including being linked in solenoid valve control circuit keeps off the first mechanical release travel switch and P keeps off the second mechanical release travel switch，Described P keeps off the first mechanical release travel switch and is arranged in mounting seat and can link with a unblock button on shifting power input link，Shifting power input link presses unblock button when being in P gear can keep off the first mechanical release travel switch action by middle force transmitting member triggering P，Simultaneously P keeps off the second mechanical release travel switch and is arranged on and can trigger P after brake pedal position makes to step on brake pedal and keep off the second mechanical release travel switch action.When P keep off the first mechanical release travel switch and P keep off the second mechanical release travel switch be triggered simultaneously action time, electromagnetic valve is carried out mechanical release, now rotates shifting power input link and can perform gear shift operation.Ensure security reliability during parked state.When wherein shifting power input link is gear level, unlock button and be arranged at gear level top, gear level is hollow structure, middle force transmitting member includes the slide bar being vertically arranged in gear level inner chamber, the lateral extended spacer pin in slide bar bottom is for keeping off the first mechanical release travel switch corresponding matching with P, slide bar lower end arranges back-moving spring and resets, such simple in construction, convenient and reliable operation.During enforcement, further, P keeps off the first mechanical release travel switch and P keeps off the second mechanical release travel switch and may be also connected to vehicle electronic control unit, for after trigger action being detected, send a signal to vehicle electronic control unit and show that anticipation gearshift is intended to, and prepare as gearshift pretreatment for clutch end, improve gearshift efficiency.
In sum, the present invention has simple in construction, it is possible to increase safety, improves gear shift operation reliability, and makes to improve driving convenience when automotive safety risk reduction to facilitate the advantages such as troubleshooting.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is the component decomposing schematic representation of the automobile gear shift device of the specific embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is in embodiment, encodes schematic diagram with each gear information during for 4 permanent magnets of 4 Hall elements and correspondence.
In Fig. 1, label 1 is encoder plug connector, and 2 is encoder inner loop component, 3 is encoder outer collar members, and 4 is mounting seat, and 5 is induction of signal acquisition member, 6 is signals collecting wiring board, and 7 is induction of signal component, and 8 is fanning strip, 9 gather sensor for initial shift signal, and 10 keep off the first mechanical release travel switch for P, and 11 for unlocking button, 12 is gear level, and 13 is electromagnetic valve, and 14 is spacer pin, 15 is rotating shaft, and 16 is back-moving spring.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
nullOptimum embodiment: as shown in Figure 1，A kind of automobile gear shift device，Including mounting seat 4，Mounting seat 4 is provided with shifting power input link，Shifting power input link is rotatably mounted cooperation in mounting seat by rotating shaft 15，Arrange each gear in shifting power input link slewing area to make to rely on the rotation of shifting power input link to realize gear replacing，Also include electronics gear selection mechanism，Electronics gear selection mechanism includes being relatively fixed the multiple induction of signal acquisition member 5 being arranged at mounting seat or shifting power input link，And and the induction of signal component 7 that is correspondingly arranged of induction of signal acquisition member 5，Induction of signal component is relatively fixed and is arranged in shifting power input link or mounting seat，And induction of signal component can be entered in the induction range of induction of signal acquisition member when rotating gearshift with shifting power input link realize signals collecting；It is characterized in that, also include the shift signal testing agency that can carry out signal detection when shifting power input link rotates and realizes in shift process, shifting power input link being turned to each gear.
This automobile gear shift device is installed and used for automatic catch vehicle, and during installation, the signal output part of induction of signal acquisition member and shift signal testing agency all connects with the vehicle electronic control unit (ECU) on automobile and provides shift signal for it；Better select to be to set up a central processing unit when certainly implementing, induction of signal acquisition member being first connected with central processing unit with the signal output part of shift signal testing agency, the signal transmission being converted into standard communication protocol after carrying out signal processing by central processing unit processes to the process chip of vehicle electronic control unit.Additionally, can also be further arranged that central processing unit is respectively adopted CAN protocol signal and PWM protocol signal both of which transmission signal to vehicle electronic control unit, so can improve the capacity of resisting disturbance of signals transmission better, and then just improve gearshift reliability.So, during normal operation in normal gear shift operation, relying on electronics gear selection mechanism to detect and provide shift signal to ECU and for the automobile clutch end corresponding gear shift operation of execution, the shift signal testing agency of increase can as the use of verification；And when fault occurs in electronics gear selection mechanism, after making gear shift operation normal signal cannot be detected, now ECU can control to report to the police, and relies on the shift signal that the shift signal testing agency helped out detects simultaneously, controls automobile power outfan and performs to perform gear shift operation accordingly.Ensure that when breaking down, while reporting to the police and reminding maintenance, vehicle can also realize gear shift operation under the assosting effect of shift signal testing agency and travel to maintenace point for maintenance, significantly reduce the malfunctioning danger brought of vehicle shift (when such as needing to be converted to reverse gear shift reversing by driving gear, if reverse gear shift malfunctioning will produce greatly dangerous), avoid gearshift inefficacy rear vehicle simultaneously and can only be forced locked being unable to stir any more and can only wait until the driving trouble that trailer and rescue bring.Thus make to improve driving convenience when automotive safety risk reduction to facilitate troubleshooting.
In present embodiment, described shifting power input link is vertically arranged gear level 12, and gear level lower end is installed in rotation in mounting seat by the rotating shaft of horizontally set.
So, simple in construction, and meet ordinary operation mode, facilitate gear shift operation.But when being embodied as, shifting power input link is it is also contemplated that be rotary-disk type structure, even in speech control control loop, by the power plant output shaft of control as shifting power input link after speech recognition；Etc. be enforceable scope.
In present embodiment, described induction of signal component is arranged on fanning strip 8 side surface, fanning strip 8 and shifting power input link be fixing to be connected and can rotation therewith, the fan-shaped radian direction of fanning strip 8 is consistent with shifting power input link direction of rotation, and the design of described induction of signal acquisition member is on the signals collecting wiring board 6 that and fanning strip spacing parallel arranging arrange.
So, there is simple in construction and convenient installation, facilitate the advantages such as holding wire output connection.When being embodied as, induction of signal component and induction of signal acquisition member arrange position can also be contrary, although is unfavorable for that holding wire connects, but falls within enforceable scope.
In present embodiment, described induction of signal acquisition member quantity at least two, described induction of signal the number of components at least two so that the induced signal group output constituting different coding can be coordinated with shifting power input link when induction of signal component moves to different gear with induction of signal acquisition member.
In such manner, it is possible to rely on multiple induction of signal component and multiple induction of signal acquisition member to coordinate, it is achieved the induced signal group output after coding；The quantity of information contained in often group signal output can be improved to improve single testability organizing information, when the number of components relatively odd encoder complexity, self-inspection verification corrigendum it is capable of after makeing mistakes, so that after individual signal inductive pick-up component failure, correct gear information is exported after remaining able to self-inspection verification corrigendum, drastically increase gear information recognizability, improve drive safety.Simultaneously, when the number of components is less, it would however also be possible to employ less induction of signal acquisition member realizes more gear identification, is so equal to the quantity decreasing induction of signal acquisition member, just indirectly reduce individual signals inductive pick-up component failure and bring the probability of risk, improve safety.Such as when induction of signal acquisition member and induction of signal the number of components are minimum two component, dislocation coding can be relied on, namely induction of signal acquisition member and induction of signal component are mutually shifted as time just pair, it is able to detect that signal output high level information coding is designated as 1, can not detect that signal or the more weak output low level Signal coding of signal are designated as 0 after mobile dislocation, so may be constructed 00,01,11,10 4 groups of codings and realize the detection of four gears；And traditional electronics gear selection mechanism realizing four shift detections needs to arrange four induction of signal acquisition member and an induction of signal component；Owing to induction of signal member function is for sensed, therefore not havinging failure risk, failure risk all concentrates in induction of signal acquisition member.So realizing on the basis that four shift detections judge equally, when four risk sources are reduced to two risk sources, risk can be greatly reduced, improving safety.
In present embodiment, described induction of signal acquisition member quantity is consistent with automobile shift quantity and position and automobile shift one_to_one corresponding, and described induction of signal component correspondence induction of signal acquisition member is set to the mode that one, interval induction of signal acquisition member is correspondingly arranged an induction of signal component and arranges.
So, it is equal to and induction of signal component correspondence gear positions interval is arranged, quantity reduces half, when induction of signal is with in component setting area, there is induction of signal acquisition member corresponding to induction of signal component place and can collect stronger signal output high level, output information is encoded to 1, and the induction of signal acquisition member that empty place is corresponding can not collect signal or can only collect more weak signal output low level, and output Signal coding is O.Thus utilize room information to improve codec complexity, and this complexity is that the rule with fixed interval is produced, be thus more favorable for after having component failure carrying out self calibration testing corrigendum, export correct gear information, drastically increase autonomous error correcting capability.Such as when Automobile Design five or six gears, induction of signal acquisition member quantitative design is corresponding five or six, and induction of signal component is set to three of interval, when Automobile Design is four gears, induction of signal acquisition member quantitative design is corresponding four, and induction of signal component is set to two of interval.
In present embodiment, described induction of signal acquisition member 5 is Hall element, and described induction of signal component 7 is the S the permanent magnet extremely just direction of Hall element installed.
So, adopt Hall element and permanent magnet to coordinate and realize signal acquisition testing, there is the advantage that reliability is high.When certainly implementing, it would however also be possible to employ in prior art, other components cooperations being capable of sensing detection realize shift signal acquisition testing.During enforcement, permanent magnet is preferably cylindrical structure, and convenient installation is fixed.
In present embodiment, it is additionally provided with, between the permanent magnet that often direction of Hall element is extremely just being installed by adjacent two S, the signal shielding component preventing signal interference.
So, it is ensured that when Hall element detects the room between two S permanent magnet extremely just direction of Hall element installed, it is possible to by the signal disturbing of signal shielding component shielding left and right, it is ensured that detection is output as low level, it is more favorable for coding and distinguishes.
In present embodiment, described signal shielding component is the N the permanent magnet extremely just direction of Hall element installed.In such manner, it is possible to produce maximized signal shielding effect, reduce the locational space between adjacent induction of signal component, while reducing device volume, reduce interference, it is ensured that detection reliability and accuracy.
In present embodiment, described shift signal testing agency includes the encoder being arranged in rotating shaft, also includes being arranged in mounting seat and can detect the initial shift signal collection sensor 9 that the initial shift signal of shifting power input link changes.
Wherein, initial gear is generally when parking gear, encoder and initial shift signal gather sensor installation and all connects with vehicle electronic control unit (ECU).So, when vehicle is started gear shift operation by parking gear, first rely on initial shift signal to gather sensor and initial signal labelling detected, then rely on encoder to detect the rotating shaft anglec of rotation, correspondence show that gear information checks the use of self-inspection as a comparison, drastically increases shift detection reliability.Self there is the small and exquisite redundant space that do not account for of simple in construction, convenient installation, reliability high simultaneously.Additionally, during enforcement, after vehicle is started gear shift operation by parking gear, after initial shift signal collection sensor detects initial signal labelling, when judging to have been started up shifting gears, gear shifting signal first can be delivered to automobile power outfan, pretrigger gear shift operation by ECU, drastically increases gear shift operation efficiency.
In present embodiment, described encoder is mechanical contact electric brush type encoder.So, the mode adopting Mechanical Contact realizes the shift signal detection of shift signal testing agency, make itself and electronics gear selection mechanism adopt the mode of electromagnetic induction detection to distinguish principle to come, significantly reduce the risk that same accident causes electronics gear selection mechanism and shift signal testing agency to lose efficacy simultaneously.Ensure that have at least one group of mechanism's reliable operation, and then improve the reliability of gear shift operation better.
During enforcement, encoder includes the encoder inner loop component 2 being fixed on rotating shaft, and sheathed cooperation, at encoder inner ring portion's outer surface and the encoder outer collar members 3 fixing with mounting seat, also includes an encoder plug connector 1 for signal output switching.So convenient installation is transferred with signal output.
In present embodiment, it is one that is fixed in mounting seat initial shift signal collection travel switch that initial shift signal gathers sensor, when described shifting power input link having the initial shift signal sensing contact part of correspondence and make shifting power input link be in initial gear, initial shift signal sensing contact part correspondence can touch initial shift signal collection travel switch, make it have simple in construction, detect reliable advantage.During enforcement, initial shift signal sensing contact part can be arranged directly on shifting power input link, or is arranged as required on other component interfixed with shifting power input link, should be regarded as indirectly being arranged on shifting power input link.
nullIn present embodiment，Also include P gear and hold device tightly，P gear is held device tightly and is included one and be arranged in shifting power input link or its rotating shaft for realizing when P keeps off parking P gear is put mechanical type holding locked electromagnetic valve 13 tightly，The P also including being linked in solenoid valve control circuit keeps off the first mechanical release travel switch 10 and P keeps off the second mechanical release travel switch (not shown)，Described P keeps off the first mechanical release travel switch and is arranged in mounting seat and can link with a unblock button 11 on shifting power input link，Shifting power input link presses unblock button when being in P gear can keep off the first mechanical release travel switch action by middle force transmitting member triggering P，Simultaneously P keeps off the second mechanical release travel switch and is arranged on and can trigger P after brake pedal position makes to step on brake pedal and keep off the second mechanical release travel switch action.When P keep off the first mechanical release travel switch and P keep off the second mechanical release travel switch be triggered simultaneously action time, electromagnetic valve is carried out mechanical release, now rotates shifting power input link and can perform gear shift operation.Ensure security reliability during parked state.When wherein shifting power input link is gear level 12, unlock button and be arranged at gear level top, gear level is hollow structure, middle force transmitting member includes the slide bar being vertically arranged in gear level inner chamber, the lateral extended spacer pin 14 in slide bar bottom is for keeping off the first mechanical release travel switch corresponding matching with P, slide bar lower end arranges back-moving spring 16 and resets, such simple in construction, convenient and reliable operation.During enforcement, further, P keeps off the first mechanical release travel switch and P keeps off the second mechanical release travel switch and may be also connected to vehicle electronic control unit, for after trigger action being detected, send a signal to vehicle electronic control unit and show that anticipation gearshift is intended to, and prepare as gearshift pretreatment for clutch end, improve gearshift efficiency.
Below based on above-mentioned optimum embodiment, the advantage of for durther example details automobile gear shift device and principle.
The work process of device is: when device powers on and gear level is in P gear, initial shift signal collection travel switch and P keep off the first mechanical release travel switch and are in closure state and P keeps off the second mechanical release travel switch, when driver to carry out P → R gear shift operation, the first step, first pressing the unblock button of gear level upper end, P keeps off the first mechanical release travel switch and unlocks；Second step, brake pedal, P keeps off the second mechanical release travel switch and unlocks；(note: above-mentioned first, second step operation order can be contrary, i.e. first brake pedal, then press unblock button) the 3rd step, continue operation gear level, being shifted to R gear, at this moment initial shift signal collection travel switch inner contact is also at off-state.
Encoder and gear level moved in coaxial in shift signal testing agency, the athletic meeting of gear level drives encoder inner loop component to rotate and exports corresponding gear bit-encoded information A, in order to judge current gear level present position.Simultaneously in electronics gear selection mechanism, rely on the multi-channel electric signal that multiple Hall sensor element detects to convert gear bit-encoded information B to, and export to the central processor MCU one ingredient of ECU (MCU can be considered as) of gearshift；The gear bit-encoded information A of encoder output and the gear bit-encoded information B of Hall element output MCU mutually verify errorless after, as final gear information output.
The anti-invalidation functions of said apparatus is embodied in 3 aspects:
1, it is intended to judge from P → R gearshift
What P → R gearshift was intended to judge cooperates common realization mainly through two proximity switches being arranged in gearshift mounting seat, purpose is to ensure that when human pilot has gearshift intention and starts to perform gear shift operation, gearshift just exports gear shifting signal, in case backstop position is misjudged.
When gear level is in P gear, spring leaf on initial shift signal collection travel switch is initiateed shift signal sensing contact part and is depressed, P keeps off the limited pin pressure of the spring leaf on the first mechanical release travel switch, and now two travel switch inner contact are in closure state；After gearshift powers on, first initial shift signal collection travel switch, P being kept off the first mechanical release travel switch proximity switch and do initialization judgement, its result represents whether gear level is in P gear and puts.
Button is unlocked when pressing gear level upper end, slide bar within gear level moves down, drive spacer pin moves down, P keeps off the first mechanical release travel switch and unlocks, also P is made to keep off the first mechanical release travel switch spring leaf release, switch internal contact is off, and now gearshift is put still in P gear, but can tentatively judge that driver has P → R gearshift and is intended to；When after driver's brake pedal, controlling P and keep off the second mechanical release travel switch unblock, now may determine that driver has had P → R gearshift and has been intended to, gear level mechanical release is fully completed simultaneously, having possessed and kept off mobile condition to R, driver can continue gear shift operation.Putting when gear level leaves P gear, initial shift signal collection travel switch is in the saltus step moment of Guan Bi-off-state, by detecting the saltus step of the signal of telecommunication (or from low to high) from high to low, namely can determine whether that gear level is just leaving P gear, moves to R gear.
Perform P → R gear shift operation, it is necessary to press gear level upper end and unlock button, coordinate brake pedal the protection of two-stage mechanical position limitation to be unlocked simultaneously；Otherwise, block selecting handle is put by mechanical locking at P gear, it is impossible to movement, prevents from being misused with this.
2, there is multisensor redundancy and different detection mechanism sensor verifies function mutually
(1) multisensor redundancy
" Hall element-magnet to " is the combination of Hall element and permanent magnet, and Hall element is basisHall effectThe one madeMagnetic field sensor, Hall element and the permanent magnet of composition " Hall element-magnet to " are separately mounted on signals collecting wiring board and the fanning strip of gearshift.
Being provided with several permanent magnets on fanning strip, N pole and S are extremely staggered outwardly, arcuately trajectory alignment, and to produce N, S array of magnetic dipoles alternately, permanent magnet is permanent magnet material, and other electronic components are less susceptible to lose efficacy relatively；Signals collecting wiring board is provided with the Hall element identical with permanent magnet quantity.
When permanent magnet S very close to or during away from Hall element, Hall element can be made to produce the signal of on-off.Electrical characteristic according to Hall element, when permanent magnet N is very close to Hall element, it is output as low level, and information is encoded to 0, and when permanent magnet S is very close to Hall element, it is output as high level, and information is encoded to 1.Multichannel " Hall element-magnet to " produces many bit-encoded informations, and this coding information is used for representing gear information.
Multichannel " Hall element-magnet to " can be: containing 2-6 Hall element and 2-6 permanent magnet and their combination.
It is described in detail for 4 tunnels of 4 permanent magnets compositions of 4 Hall elements and correspondence " Hall element-permanent magnet to " below.
Hall element is soldered becomes signals collecting wiring board on circuit boards, and signals collecting wiring board is arranged in gearshift shell of top cover body, for fixture；Permanent magnet is arranged on fanning strip, for movement parts；The change of gear during along with operator gear level, fanning strip realizes rotating by rotating shaft, and the relative position between the Hall element that the permanent magnet that it is installed and signals collecting wiring board are installed changes.
When gear level initial position is in P gear (forward original position, inverse limit position), the relative position of Hall element and permanent magnet is shown in Fig. 2；When forward operating gear level and keeping off to R (under the premise that the protection of two-stage mechanical position limitation unlocks), will stagger between fanning strip and signals collecting wiring board certain angle, and the relative position of Hall element and permanent magnet is as shown in Figure 2；When continuation forward operation gear level keeps off to N, the angle staggered between fanning strip and signals collecting wiring board continues to strengthen, and the relative position of Hall element and permanent magnet continues change such as Fig. 2；Being further continued for forward operation gear level to keep off to D, the angle staggered between fanning strip and signals collecting wiring board strengthens (reaching extreme position forward, reverse original position) again, and now, the relative position of Hall element and permanent magnet is as shown in Figure 2.The Hall element different S, N polarity according to corresponding permanent magnet with it, produce different make-and-break signals, finally produce different many bit-encoded informations to represent different gear information.
So, each gear information is exactly one group of fixing many bit-encoded information produced by multichannel " Hall element-permanent magnet to ".Keep off the D process kept off from P forward operating gear level, between Hall element and permanent magnet, relative position is illustrated as in figure 2 it is shown, in figure, arrow represents Hall element, N represents that permanent magnet N pole-face is to Hall element, and S represents that permanent magnet S pole-face is to Hall element.
Electrical characteristic according to Hall element, when permanent magnet N is very close to Hall element, it is output as low level, and information is encoded to 0；When permanent magnet S is very close to Hall element, it is output as high level, and information is encoded to 1；Gap between permanent magnet and Hall element test surface is preferably designed for 1-2mm, to ensure sensing Detection results.
When gear level initial position is in P gear, the signal of telecommunication that four Hall elements (turning left from the right side) export is low, low, high and low, and information coding (from low level to a high position) is 0100；When forward operating gear level and keeping off to R, coding information is 1010；Continuing forward operation gear level to keep off to N, coding information is 0101；Being further continued for forward operation gear level to keep off to D, coding information is 0010.
Otherwise, when gear level initial position is D gear, the signal of telecommunication that four Hall elements (turning left from the right side) export is low, high and low, low, and information coding (from low level to a high position) is 0010；When contrary operation gear level to N keeps off, coding information is 0101；Continuing contrary operation gear level to keep off to R, coding information is 1010；Being further continued for forward operation gear level to keep off to P, coding information is 0100.
Utilize above-mentioned multisensor redundancy can improve the fault-tolerant ability of gearshift:
In gearshift, the inefficacy of any components and parts can result in safety problem in various degree, so the failure probability of reduction components and parts and raising fault-tolerant ability are to design two contents that gearshift is indispensable.The safety of the even whole Vehicular system of reliability of whole gearshift, as the critical component of detection gear information, is had significant impact by Hall element.
(2) different detection mechanism sensors verify mutually
The present invention has selected the sensors of " Hall element-permanent magnet to " detection different from hollow shaft encoder (being again rotary switch) these two kinds mechanism, and the gear information each gathered is verified mutually.By the checking algorithm in central processor MCU so that it is have autonomous error correcting capability, thus improving the reliability and security of output gear information.
Hollow shaft encoder has three pins, respectively A, B, C.Wherein C is power input, the biphase output pulse signal of A, B.When gear level forward or reverse stir different angles time, hollow shaft encoder A, B output pin all can export different phase pulse signals, represents different gear information with " ON " (1) or " OFF " (0) combined information of the positioning stablity of two phase signals point.
Assume: the combined information of A, B that P, R, N, D are corresponding respectively 00,10,11,01.
The present invention considers aforesaid 4 tunnels " Hall element-permanent magnet to " fault-tolerant ability of gearshift when there being a Hall element to lose efficacy, and the autonomous error correcting capability that " Hall element-permanent magnet to " verifies mutually with hollow shaft encoder.
It is combined as example illustrates with 4 Hall elements and 4 small magnetic rods.
When first Hall element lost efficacy: (following numbering makes a, b, c into, d)
A., when current shift is P gear, 4 Hall element output codings are likely 0100 or 1100.When being output as 0100, signal output is normal, does not affect gearshift and normally uses；When for 1100,4 Hall elements export correct gear information 0100 after verifying with proximity switch output information, and position the fault message of first Hall element.Meanwhile, hollow shaft encoder also carries out P gear verification with proximity switch, and A, the B phase information combination that hollow shaft encoder is exported by central processing unit carries out initializing (00).
B., when current shift is R gear, 4 Hall element output codings are likely 0010 or 1010.When being output as 0010,4 Hall elements export correct gear information 1010 after verifying with hollow shaft encoder output information (10), position the fault message of first Hall element simultaneously；When being output as 1010, signal output is normal, does not affect gearshift and normally uses.
C., when current shift is N gear, 4 Hall element output codings are likely 0101 or 1101.When being output as 0101, signal output is normal, does not affect gearshift and normally uses；When being output as 1101,4 Hall elements export correct gear information 0101 after verifying with hollow shaft encoder output information (11), position the fault message of first Hall element simultaneously.
D., when current shift is D gear, 4 Hall element output codings are likely 0010 or 1010.When being output as 0010, signal output is normal, does not affect gearshift and normally uses；When being output as 1010,4 Hall elements export correct gear information 0010 after verifying with hollow shaft encoder output information (01), position the fault message of first Hall element simultaneously.
When second Hall element lost efficacy:
A., when current shift is P gear, 4 Hall element output codings are likely 0000 or 0100.When for 0000,4 Hall elements export correct gear information 0100 after verifying with proximity switch output information, and position the fault message of second Hall element；When being output as 0100, signal output is normal, does not affect gearshift and normally uses.Meanwhile, hollow shaft encoder also carries out P gear verification with proximity switch, and A, the B phase information combination that hollow shaft encoder is exported by central processing unit carries out initializing (00).
B., when current shift is R gear, 4 Hall element output codings are likely 1010 or 1110.When being output as 1010, signal output is normal, does not affect gearshift and normally uses；When being output as 1110,4 Hall elements export correct gear information 1010 after verifying with hollow shaft encoder output information (10), position the fault message of second Hall element simultaneously.
C., when current shift is N gear, 4 Hall element output codings are likely 0001 or 0101.When being output as 0001,4 Hall elements export correct gear information 0101 after verifying with hollow shaft encoder output information (11), position the fault message of second Hall element simultaneously；When being output as 0101, signal output is normal, does not affect gearshift and normally uses.
D., when current shift is D gear, 4 Hall element output codings are likely 0010 or 0110.When being output as 0010, signal output is normal, does not affect gearshift and normally uses；When being output as 0110,4 Hall elements export correct gear information 0010 after verifying with hollow shaft encoder output information (01), position the fault message of second Hall element simultaneously.
When the 3rd Hall element lost efficacy:
A., when current shift is P gear, 4 Hall element output codings are likely 0100 or 0110.When for 0100, signal output is normal, does not affect gearshift and normally uses；When being output as 0110,4 Hall elements export correct gear information (0100) after verifying with proximity switch output information, and position the fault message of the 3rd Hall element.Meanwhile, hollow shaft encoder also carries out P gear verification with proximity switch, and A, the B phase information combination that hollow shaft encoder is exported by central processing unit carries out initializing (00).
B., when current shift is R gear, 4 Hall element output codings are likely 1000 or 1010.When being output as 1000,4 Hall elements export correct gear information 1010 after verifying with hollow shaft encoder output information (10), position the fault message of the 3rd Hall element simultaneously；When being output as 1010, signal output is normal, does not affect gearshift and normally uses.
C., when current shift is N gear, 4 Hall element output codings are likely 0101 or 0111.When being output as 0101, signal output is normal, does not affect gearshift and normally uses；When being output as 0111,4 Hall elements export correct gear information 0101 after verifying with hollow shaft encoder output information (11), position the fault message of the 3rd Hall element simultaneously.
D., when current shift is D gear, 4 Hall element output codings are likely 0000 or 0010.When being output as 0000,4 Hall elements export correct gear information 0010 after verifying with hollow shaft encoder output information (01), position the fault message of the 3rd Hall element simultaneously；When being output as 0010, signal output is normal, does not affect gearshift and normally uses.
When the 4th Hall element lost efficacy:
A., when current shift is P gear, 4 Hall element output codings are likely 0100 or 0101.When being output as 0100, signal output is normal, does not affect gearshift and normally uses；When for 0101,4 Hall elements export correct gear information 0100 after verifying with proximity switch output information, and position the fault message of the 4th Hall element.Meanwhile, hollow shaft encoder also carries out P gear verification with proximity switch, and A, the B phase information combination that hollow shaft encoder is exported by central processing unit carries out initializing (00).
B., when current shift is R gear, 4 Hall element output codings are likely 1010 or 1011.When being output as 1010, signal output is normal, does not affect gearshift and normally uses；When being output as 1011,4 Hall elements export correct gear information 1010 after verifying with hollow shaft encoder output information (10), position the fault message of the 4th Hall element simultaneously.
C., when current shift is N gear, 4 Hall element output codings are likely 0100 or 0101.When being output as 0100,4 Hall elements export correct gear information 0101 after verifying with hollow shaft encoder output information (11), position the fault message of the 4th Hall element simultaneously；When being output as 0101, signal output is normal, does not affect gearshift and normally uses.
D., when current shift is D gear, 4 Hall element output codings are likely 0010 or 0011.When being output as 0010, signal output is normal, does not affect gearshift and normally uses；When being output as 0011,4 Hall elements export correct gear information 0010 after verifying with hollow shaft encoder output information (01), position the fault message of the 4th Hall element simultaneously.
So, when there being a sensor failure, it is possible to by with the coordinating of proximity switch or hollow shaft encoder, and processed by software algorithm, it is ensured that gearshift normal operation, simultaneously can fault point, facilitate fault diagnosis.
3, gear information is represented in a coded form
Existing using Hall element as the gearshift of shift detection, mostly adopt one or dibit encoding, when there being a sensor failure, whole gearshift will lose efficacy, and safety is extremely low.And the present invention adopts four codings, and small magnetic rod N pole and S pole are staggered, the two combination the quantity of information of the coding comprised is much larger than any quantity of information combining the coding comprised otherwise.
So, the method judging gear that the present invention adopts, it is not to rely on a certain position information to judge gear, but judges gear by many bit-encoded informations.
Sum it up, three aspects of anti-invalidation functions major embodiment that gearshift of the present invention has: one is the P realized by two travel switches gearshift intention arbitration functions keeping off R gear；Two is Hall element and the encoder redundancy in detection and when judging gear information and verifying function；Three is the unique arrangement of Hall element and permanent magnet and the huge coding information quantity comprised.Implementing of above-mentioned anti-invalidation functions just has higher safety so that gearshift, makes the selector being equipped with this gearshift have higher safety and reliability simultaneously.
Claims (10)
1. an automobile gear shift device, including mounting seat, mounting seat is provided with shifting power input link, shifting power input link is moveably mounted cooperation in mounting seat, arrange in shifting power input link moving range several gears make shifting power input link rely on its move realize gear change, also include electronics gear selection mechanism, electronics gear selection mechanism includes being relatively fixed the multiple induction of signal acquisition member being arranged at mounting seat or shifting power input link, and and the induction of signal component that is correspondingly arranged of induction of signal acquisition member, induction of signal component is relatively fixed and is arranged in shifting power input link or mounting seat, and can enter into when making induction of signal component with shifting power input link moving gear shift in the induction range of induction of signal acquisition member and realize signals collecting；It is characterized in that, also include the shift signal testing agency that can carry out signal detection when shifting power input link moves and realizes in shift process, shifting power input link being turned to each gear.
2. automobile gear shift device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described shifting power input link is vertically arranged gear level, and gear level lower end is installed in rotation in mounting seat by the rotating shaft of horizontally set.
3. automobile gear shift device as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described induction of signal component is arranged on a fanning strip side surface, fanning strip and shifting power input link be fixing to be connected and can rotation therewith, the fan-shaped radian direction of fanning strip is consistent with shifting power input link direction of rotation, and the design of described induction of signal acquisition member is on the signals collecting wiring board that and fanning strip spacing parallel arranging arrange.
4. automobile gear shift device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described induction of signal acquisition member quantity at least two, described induction of signal the number of components at least two so that the induced signal group output constituting different coding can be coordinated with shifting power input link when induction of signal component moves to different gear with induction of signal acquisition member.
5. automobile gear shift device as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described induction of signal acquisition member quantity is consistent with automobile shift quantity and position and automobile shift one_to_one corresponding, and described induction of signal component correspondence induction of signal acquisition member is set to the mode that one, interval induction of signal acquisition member is correspondingly arranged an induction of signal component and arranges.
6. automobile gear shift device as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that described induction of signal acquisition member is Hall element, and described induction of signal component is the S the permanent magnet extremely just direction of Hall element installed.
7. automobile gear shift device as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that be additionally provided with, between the permanent magnet that often direction of Hall element is extremely just being installed by adjacent two S, the signal shielding component preventing signal interference.
8. automobile gear shift device as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that described signal shielding component is the N the permanent magnet extremely just direction of Hall element installed.
9. automobile gear shift device as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described shift signal testing agency includes the encoder being arranged in rotating shaft, also includes being arranged in mounting seat and can detect the initial shift signal collection sensor that the initial shift signal of shifting power input link changes.
10. automobile gear shift device as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that described encoder is mechanical contact electric brush type encoder.
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| CN107351680A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2017-11-17 | 郑州日晰网络科技有限公司 | It is a kind of to be arranged on the shifting element on fingerprint identification function steering wheel |
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| CN110848383A (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2020-02-28 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Electronic gear shifter with mechanical parking gear |
| CN113212445A (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-08-06 | 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 | Electronic gear shifter Hall element fault processing method and system and vehicle |
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