CN105736094A - Gaseous ammonia generating system used for marine tail gas purification device - Google Patents
Gaseous ammonia generating system used for marine tail gas purification device Download PDFInfo
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- CN105736094A CN105736094A CN201610223122.6A CN201610223122A CN105736094A CN 105736094 A CN105736094 A CN 105736094A CN 201610223122 A CN201610223122 A CN 201610223122A CN 105736094 A CN105736094 A CN 105736094A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a gaseous ammonia generating system used for a marine tail gas purification device. The marine tail gas purification device comprises a particulate matter removing device and a catalytic reduction device. The gaseous ammonia generating system comprises a gas flowing type mist spraying system and a mist spraying adjusting device. A urea solution is sprayed out through a mist spraying opening of the gas flowing type mist spraying system to be fully mixed with high-temperature tail gas sprayed out from a marine diesel engine, and biuret and gaseous ammonia which is used by the catalytic reduction device are generated. The spraying quantity of the urea solution is controlled by the mist spraying adjusting device. The gaseous ammonia generating system directly conveys the urea solution into the marine tail gas purification device through a pipeline, the urea solution is fully mixed with the high-temperature tail gas, thus the gaseous ammonia and the biuret are generated, and a gaseous ammonia generating device composed of an ammonia gas evaporator, an ammonia gas buffer tank, a gas flow valve and other huge devices in a selective catalytic reduction method is replaced. As for most diesel engines which are mobile pollution sources, the gaseous ammonia generating system can generate the gaseous ammonia in real time according to the demanded quantity of tail gas purification for marine diesel engines. In addition, the urea solution is used, the stability is good, and thus the work safety of the whole gaseous ammonia generating system is higher.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to environmental technology field, be specifically related to tail gas clean-up technical field, particularly relate to gaseous ammonia used in a kind of marine tail air purifying apparatus and generate system.
Background technology
Marine diesel oil contains the oily substance of a large amount of high burning-point, cause its burn in cylinder of diesel engine be far from light oil thoroughly, this results in tail gas containing a large amount of poisonous and harmful substances, comprise sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, trickle carbonized particles thing, even also have the material of still unburned microlayer model oils and class Colophonium.These materials enter in the SCR device of rear class, can cause the blocking of ceramic catalyst in SCR device, be substantially reduced its service life, and the ceramic catalyst making price high lost efficacy and scraps.
In prior art, in order to ensure SCR exhaust purifier normal operation, the pretreating device adding exhaust purifier between mouth is arranged at the tail gas catalyzed reduction apparatus of SCR and diesel engine, diesel engine vent gas is by after this device, can by carbonized particles thing trickle for the major part in tail gas, still unburned microlayer model oily substance, carbamide resolves into biuret (CONH) particulate matter, the ammonium sulfite formed with the sulfur dioxide generation chemical reaction in tail gas after gaseous ammonia and the granule of ammonium sulfate or the material etc. of drop and class Colophonium are retained by this pretreating device, thus by the main gaseous contaminant (NO of diesel emissionX、SO2) and solid granulates pollutant, it is achieved the overwhelming majority is removed.But first this technology can increase the volume of exhaust purifier and improve cost, this with present day devices miniaturization, lightweight, low cost requirement, run in the opposite direction beyond doubt.
It is seen that, gaseous ammonia is the required material of catalytic reduction method cleaning of off-gas, so in the diesel engine worked long hours, such as marine diesel, is also accomplished by substantial amounts of gaseous ammonia and reacts, that is, say that the ship of long voyage needs to carry substantial amounts of liquid ammonia, but stablizing of ammonia is poor, once reveal light, polluting air, making people poisoning, heavy then set off an explosion, poor stability.
So it is accomplished by a kind of shipborne system that can produce gaseous ammonia in real time to overcome drawbacks described above.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of gaseous ammonia for marine tail air purifying apparatus to generate system, it can generate gaseous ammonia in real time by the demand of marine diesel tail gas clean-up, and using urea for vehicle solution, good stability, the job security of whole system is higher.
Especially, the invention provides a kind of gaseous ammonia for marine tail air purifying apparatus and generate system, described marine tail air purifying apparatus includes particulate matter removal device and catalytic reduction device, described gaseous ammonia generates system and includes air-flowing type spraying system and spraying adjustment device, urea liquid is sufficiently mixed generation biuret and the gaseous ammonia for described catalytic reduction device through the high-temperature tail gas that nozzle sprays and marine diesel sprays of described air-flowing type spraying system, and the emitted dose of described urea liquid is regulated device by described spraying and controls.
For technique scheme, inventor also has further optimal enforcement scheme.
Preferably, described marine tail air purifying apparatus has air inlet and gas outlet, and described gaseous ammonia generates system and includes a NOXSensor, is arranged at a described NO of described air inletXSensor regulates device communication with described spraying and couples, and described spraying regulates device according to a described NOXThe amount of nitrogen oxides entering described marine tail air purifying apparatus that sensor detects regulates the emitted dose of described urea liquid.
Further, described gaseous ammonia generates system and includes the second NOX sensor, is arranged at described gas outlet, described 2nd NOXSensor regulates device communication with described spraying and couples, and described spraying regulates device according to described 2nd NOXThe amount of nitrogen oxides discharging described marine tail air purifying apparatus that sensor detects regulates the emitted dose of described urea liquid.
Preferably, described gaseous ammonia generates system and also includes temperature sensor, described temperature sensor is arranged in described marine tail air purifying apparatus, for detecting the temperature of high-temperature tail gas described in described marine tail air purifying apparatus, described temperature sensor regulates device communication with described spraying and couples, and described spraying adjustment device is according to the work of air-flowing type spraying system described in the temperature start and stop of described high-temperature tail gas being detected.
Further, described spraying regulates in device and is configured with minimum temperature threshold and maximum temperature threshold value, the temperature of the described high-temperature tail gas described temperature sensor detected compares with described minimum temperature threshold and maximum temperature threshold value, described high-temperature tail gas temperature lower than as described in minimum temperature threshold or higher than as described in maximum temperature threshold value, then stop the work of described air-flowing type spraying system, otherwise open the work keeping described air-flowing type spraying system.
Further, described minimum temperature threshold is between 190 DEG C～210 DEG C, and described maximum temperature threshold value is between 450 DEG C～470 DEG C.
Preferably, described gaseous ammonia generates system and includes at least one temperature sensor, and at least one temperature sensor described is arranged at the air inlet of described marine tail air purifying apparatus.
Further, described spraying regulates in device and is configured with intake air temperature threshold value, by the temperature of the described high-temperature tail gas at described air inlet place that detects compared with described intake air temperature threshold value, temperature such as described high-temperature tail gas drop on as described in intake air temperature threshold value scope in, then open the work of described air-flowing type spraying system, otherwise stop the work of described air-flowing type spraying system.
Further, described intake air temperature threshold value range for 220 DEG C～490 DEG C.
Compared with prior art, it is an advantage of the current invention that:
The gaseous ammonia of the present invention generates system, for marine tail air purifying apparatus, described gaseous ammonia generates system and is directly sufficiently mixed with high-temperature tail gas in pipelined to marine tail air purifying apparatus by urea liquid, thus producing gaseous ammonia and biuret, instead of in selective catalytic reduction by ammonia vaporizer, ammonia surge tank, the gaseous ammonia of the equipment composition that gas flow valve etc. are huge generates device, this is mobile pollution source diesel engine for major part, especially oceangoing voyage marine diesel is sayed, described gaseous ammonia generates system can generate gaseous ammonia in real time by the demand of marine diesel tail gas clean-up, and use urea liquid, good stability, the job security of whole system is higher.Gaseous ammonia provided by the present invention generate western ketone overall structure simple, volume is little, lightweight, more for practicality.
Further, produced biuret after gaseous state urea liquid pyrolytic, tiny solid granulates can be formed with ammonium sulfate, can be removed by the described particulate matter removal device in described marine tail air purifying apparatus more easily, also avoid the blockage problem of ceramic catalyst in catalytic reduction device, extend the bulk life time of catalytic reduction device.
Further, the amount of nitrogen oxides that the emitted dose of described urea liquid is in the high-temperature tail gas according to described marine tail air purifying apparatus carries out Based Intelligent Control, while ensureing efficiently to take out nitrogen oxides, the generation of the escaping of ammonia situation can also be avoided, save cost, and avoid the pollution of environment, improve safety.
According to below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing detailed description to the specific embodiment of the invention, those skilled in the art will understand the above-mentioned of the present invention and other purposes, advantage and feature more.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Some specific embodiments of the present invention are hereinafter described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of example, and not by way of limitation.Accompanying drawing labelling identical in accompanying drawing denotes same or similar parts or part.It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that what these accompanying drawings were not necessarily drawn to scale.In accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of marine tail air purifying apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of the marine tail air purifying apparatus according to the present embodiment.As shown in Figure 1, gaseous ammonia described by the present embodiment generates system, for marine tail air purifying apparatus, described marine tail air purifying apparatus includes particulate matter removal device 4 and catalytic reduction device 3, described gaseous ammonia generates system can include air-flowing type spraying system 2 and spraying adjustment device 1 in general manner, urea liquid is sufficiently mixed generation biuret and the gaseous ammonia for described catalytic reduction device 3 through the high-temperature tail gas that nozzle sprays and marine diesel sprays of described air-flowing type spraying system 2, and the emitted dose of described urea liquid is controlled by described spraying adjustment device 1.
Described air-flowing type spraying system 2 is provided with pipeline, by described urea liquid through pipelined to nozzle, inside hence into described marine tail air purifying apparatus, by air-stream spraying, urea liquid become microlayer model state and be sufficiently mixed with high-temperature tail gas, under the effect of high-temperature tail gas, the carbamide in urea liquid is heated to rapidly more than 160 DEG C and then decomposes, and produces gaseous ammonia (NH3) and biuret (CONH), wherein gaseous ammonia (NH3) (NO and NO will be included with the nitrogen oxides in tail gas under the catalytic condition in catalytic reduction device 3 subsequently2) there is following chemical reaction:
4NH3+4NO+O2=4N2+6H2O
8NH3+6NO2=7N2+12H2O
While above-mentioned denitration processes, under high temperature and catalytic condition, the carbon monoxide in tail gas gaseous mixture and nitrogen oxides (include NO and NO2) there is following chemical reaction:
2CO+2NO+O2=2CO2+N2
4CO+2NO2=4CO2+N2
Meanwhile, gaseous ammonia (NH3) also there is following chemical reaction with the sulfur dioxide in tail gas, its reaction equation is:
SO2+H2O+xNH3=(HN4)xH2-xSO3
Obtaining ammonium sulfite intermediate products, ammonium sulfite aoxidizes again:
(NH4)XH2-XSO3+1/2O2+(2-x)NH3=(NH4)2SO4
Being achieved in that spray drying method desulfurization, the end-product ammonium sulfate after desulfurization and the biuret after carbamide decomposition can form tiny solid granulates and be mixed in diesel engine vent gas.In particulate matter removal device 4 subsequently, particulate matter original in above particulate matter and diesel engine vent gas is together removed, also the ceramic catalyst in described catalytic reduction device 3 would not be resulted in blockage.
It is understandable that, the content of the nitrogen oxides of entrance marine tail air purifying apparatus is engraved in change when being, because the operation conditions of diesel engine is different, produced nitrogen oxides is also inevitable different, gaseous ammonia needed for so purifying these major pollutants i.e. nitrogen oxides is also different, so in the present embodiment, then the amount being also accomplished by carbamide adjusts control.
If because time urea liquid emitted dose is fewer, the ammonia necessarily led to does not reach the requirement (reactant is not enough) efficiently removing nitrogen oxides, just necessarily reduces the efficiency removing nitrogen oxides.Otherwise, if urea liquid emitted dose exceedes the requirement (reactant is superfluous) removing nitrogen oxides, although the efficiency removing nitrogen oxides can be improved, but, owing to reactant is superfluous, the ammonia having neither part nor lot in reaction is directly discharged in air, causes ammonia (being also poisonous and hazardous gas) to pollute, the escaping of ammonia phenomenon namely often said.The carbamide of excess injection simultaneously will also result in use urea amount increasing and causes that operating cost increases.
Therefore, in order to avoid urea liquid emitted dose is not enough or urea liquid overspray, it is necessary for the change according to diesel engine condition (difference of rotating speed and load causes that the nitrous oxides concentration contained in the flow difference of tail gas, its tail gas is different), the instant urea liquid overspray changing entrance exhaust gas cleaner, owing to gaseous ammonia injection rate in tail gas depends entirely on concentration and the injection rate of urea liquid, and urea concentration controls very well, as long as urea liquid emitted dose can accurately be adjusted.
Described marine tail air purifying apparatus has air inlet and gas outlet, and described gaseous ammonia generates system and includes a NOXSensor 5, is arranged at a described NO of described air inletXSensor 5 regulates device 1 with described spraying and communicate connections, and described adjustment device 1 of spraying is according to a described NOXThe amount of nitrogen oxides entering described marine tail air purifying apparatus that sensor 5 detects regulates the emitted dose of described urea liquid.
Described gaseous ammonia generates system and also includes the 2nd NOXSensor 6, is arranged at described gas outlet, described 2nd NOXSensor 6 regulates device 1 with described spraying and communicate connections, and described adjustment device 1 of spraying is according to described 2nd NOXThe amount of nitrogen oxides discharging described marine tail air purifying apparatus that sensor 6 detects regulates the emitted dose of described urea liquid.
Mechanical diaphragm type urea pump can be set in marine tail air purifying apparatus, regulate device 1 in conjunction with described spraying, it is possible to more accurate effectively urea liquid emitted dose is controlled.
It addition, in the present embodiment, the described high-temperature tail gas entering marine tail air purifying apparatus must reach uniform temperature, can realize tail gas clean-up.Carbamide can be caused cannot to decompose at ceramic catalyst intercrystalline because if the temperature of high-temperature tail gas is sprayed after carbamide enters marine tail air purifying apparatus lower than uniform temperature, block catalytic reduction device 3；And remove directly can be oxidized to NO higher than uniform temperature carbamide spirtX, not only do not reduce NOXDischarge, increases NO on the contraryXDischarge.
Therefore, described gaseous ammonia generates system and also includes temperature sensor 7, described temperature sensor 7 is arranged in described marine tail air purifying apparatus, for detecting the temperature of high-temperature tail gas described in described marine tail air purifying apparatus, described temperature sensor 7 regulates device 1 with described spraying and communicate connections, and described adjustment device 1 of spraying is according to the work of air-flowing type spraying system 2 described in the temperature start and stop of described high-temperature tail gas being detected.
Further, described spraying regulates in device 1 and is configured with minimum temperature threshold and maximum temperature threshold value, the temperature of the described high-temperature tail gas described temperature sensor 7 detected compares with described minimum temperature threshold and maximum temperature threshold value, described high-temperature tail gas temperature lower than as described in minimum temperature threshold or higher than as described in maximum temperature threshold value, then stop the work of described air-flowing type spraying system 2, otherwise open the work keeping described air-flowing type spraying system 2.
Preferably, described minimum temperature threshold is between 190 DEG C～210 DEG C, and described maximum temperature threshold value is between 450 DEG C～470 DEG C.
After high-temperature tail gas temperature in marine tail air purifying apparatus is monitored, it it is 200 DEG C as arranged minimum temperature threshold, maximum temperature threshold value be 460 (DEG C, so when detect then stop when in marine tail air purifying apparatus, temperature is lower than 200 DEG C to described marine tail air purifying apparatus spray urea liquid, same also stop spraying urea liquid to described marine tail air purifying apparatus when in marine tail air purifying apparatus, temperature is higher than 400 DEG C when detecting, otherwise when diesel engine works, normal described spraying adjustment device 1 keeps injection urea liquid in described marine tail air purifying apparatus.
Certainly, in order to realize monitoring temperature, directly one temperature sensor 7 can also be set at the air inlet of described marine tail air purifying apparatus, directly detection enters the temperature of the described high-temperature tail gas of marine tail air purifying apparatus, also just says that generating system at gaseous ammonia has the temperature sensor 7 of at least one air inlet being arranged at described marine tail air purifying apparatus.
Further, described spraying regulates in device 1 and is configured with intake air temperature threshold value, by the temperature of the described high-temperature tail gas at described air inlet place that detects compared with described intake air temperature threshold value, temperature such as described high-temperature tail gas drop on as described in intake air temperature threshold value scope in, then open the work of described air-flowing type spraying system 2, otherwise stop the work of described air-flowing type spraying system 2.
Preferably, described intake air temperature threshold value range for 220 DEG C～490 DEG C.
The gaseous ammonia of the present embodiment generates system, for marine tail air purifying apparatus, described gaseous ammonia generates system and is directly sufficiently mixed with high-temperature tail gas in pipelined to marine tail air purifying apparatus by urea liquid, thus producing gaseous ammonia and biuret, instead of in selective catalytic reduction by ammonia vaporizer, ammonia surge tank, the gaseous ammonia of the equipment composition that gas flow valve etc. are huge generates device, this is mobile pollution source diesel engine for major part, especially oceangoing voyage marine diesel is sayed, described gaseous ammonia generates system can generate gaseous ammonia in real time by the demand of marine diesel tail gas clean-up, and use urea liquid, good stability, the job security of whole system is higher.Gaseous ammonia provided by the present invention generate western ketone overall structure simple, volume is little, lightweight, more for practicality.
Further, produced biuret after gaseous state urea liquid pyrolytic, tiny solid granulates can be formed with ammonium sulfate, can be removed by the described particulate matter removal device in described marine tail air purifying apparatus more easily, also avoid the blockage problem of ceramic catalyst in catalytic reduction device, extend the bulk life time of catalytic reduction device.
Further, the amount of nitrogen oxides that the emitted dose of described urea liquid is in the high-temperature tail gas according to described marine tail air purifying apparatus carries out Based Intelligent Control, while ensureing efficiently to take out nitrogen oxides, the generation of the escaping of ammonia situation can also be avoided, save cost, and avoid the pollution of environment, improve safety.
So far, those skilled in the art will recognize that, although the detailed multiple exemplary embodiments illustrate and describing the present invention herein, but, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, still can directly determine according to present disclosure or derive other variations or modifications many meeting the principle of the invention.Therefore, the scope of the present invention is it is understood that cover all these other variations or modifications with regarding as.
Claims (9)
1. the gaseous ammonia for marine tail air purifying apparatus generates system, described marine tail air purifying apparatus includes particulate matter removal device and catalytic reduction device, it is characterized in that, described gaseous ammonia generates system and includes air-flowing type spraying system and spraying adjustment device, urea liquid is sufficiently mixed generation biuret and the gaseous ammonia for described catalytic reduction device through the high-temperature tail gas that nozzle sprays and marine diesel sprays of described air-flowing type spraying system, and the emitted dose of described urea liquid is regulated device by described spraying and controls.
2. a kind of gaseous ammonia for marine tail air purifying apparatus according to claim 1 generates system, it is characterized in that, described marine tail air purifying apparatus has air inlet and gas outlet, described gaseous ammonia generates system and includes the first NOX sensor, described first NOX sensor being arranged at described air inlet couples with described spraying adjustment device communication, and described spraying regulates device and regulates the emitted dose of described urea liquid according to the amount of nitrogen oxides entering described marine tail air purifying apparatus that described first NOX sensor detects.
3. a kind of gaseous ammonia for marine tail air purifying apparatus according to claim 2 generates system, it is characterized in that, described gaseous ammonia generates system and includes the second NOX sensor, it is arranged at described gas outlet, described second NOX sensor regulates device communication with described spraying and couples, and described spraying regulates device and regulates the emitted dose of described urea liquid according to the amount of nitrogen oxides discharging described marine tail air purifying apparatus that described second NOX sensor detects.
4. a kind of gaseous ammonia for marine tail air purifying apparatus according to claim 1 generates system, it is characterized in that, described gaseous ammonia generates system and also includes temperature sensor, described temperature sensor is arranged in described marine tail air purifying apparatus, for detecting the temperature of high-temperature tail gas described in described marine tail air purifying apparatus, described temperature sensor regulates device communication with described spraying and couples, and described spraying adjustment device is according to the work of air-flowing type spraying system described in the temperature start and stop of described high-temperature tail gas being detected.
5. a kind of gaseous ammonia for marine tail air purifying apparatus according to claim 4 generates system, it is characterized in that, described spraying regulates in device and is configured with minimum temperature threshold and maximum temperature threshold value, the temperature of the described high-temperature tail gas described temperature sensor detected compares with described minimum temperature threshold and maximum temperature threshold value, described high-temperature tail gas temperature lower than as described in minimum temperature threshold or higher than as described in maximum temperature threshold value, then stop the work of described air-flowing type spraying system, otherwise open the work keeping described air-flowing type spraying system.
6. a kind of gaseous ammonia for marine tail air purifying apparatus according to claim 5 generates system, it is characterised in that described minimum temperature threshold is between 190 DEG C～210 DEG C, and described maximum temperature threshold value is between 450 DEG C～470 DEG C.
7. a kind of gaseous ammonia for marine tail air purifying apparatus according to claim 1 generates system, it is characterized in that, described gaseous ammonia generates system and includes at least one temperature sensor, and at least one temperature sensor described is arranged at the air inlet of described marine tail air purifying apparatus.
8. a kind of gaseous ammonia for marine tail air purifying apparatus according to claim 7 generates system, it is characterized in that, described spraying regulates in device and is configured with intake air temperature threshold value, by the temperature of the described high-temperature tail gas at described air inlet place that detects compared with described intake air temperature threshold value, temperature such as described high-temperature tail gas drop on as described in intake air temperature threshold value scope in, then open the work of described air-flowing type spraying system, otherwise stop the work of described air-flowing type spraying system.
9. a kind of gaseous ammonia for marine tail air purifying apparatus according to claim 8 generates system, it is characterised in that described intake air temperature threshold value range for 220 DEG C～490 DEG C.
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Application publication date: 20160706 |