CN105734407B - 超薄微合金高强钢及其制备方法 - Google Patents

超薄微合金高强钢及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105734407B
CN105734407B CN201610271810.XA CN201610271810A CN105734407B CN 105734407 B CN105734407 B CN 105734407B CN 201610271810 A CN201610271810 A CN 201610271810A CN 105734407 B CN105734407 B CN 105734407B
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王立辉
周文强
刘祥东
林承江
潘利波
李立军
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种超薄新型微合金高强钢及其制备方法,所述超薄新型微合金高强钢中化学成分及重量百分含量为C:0.01~0.03%,Si:0.02~0.03%,Mn:0.72~0.75%,Ti:0.02~0.04%,V:0.03~0.05%;其余为Fe和不可避免杂质;另外本发明还提供所述超薄新型微合金高强钢的制备方法,本发明通过成分设计,配合工艺参数的控制,解决了现有技术生产的同级别高强钢钢板厚度规格无法达到超薄厚度要求的技术问题。

Description

超薄微合金高强钢及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及汽车用钢的制造技术领域,具体涉及一种超薄微合金高强钢及其制备方法。
背景技术
汽车用钢日益要求轻量化与薄壁化,而现有的常规冶炼与轧制的钢材最薄规格≥0.6mm,现有技术生产的同级别高强钢钢板厚度规格无法达到超薄厚度要求,难以实现轿车大幅减重节能的需要,因此如何生产出符合超薄规格且具有良好成形性能的高强钢为钢铁行业亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的,在于克服上述不足,提供一种超薄微合金高强钢及其制备方法,通过成分设计,配合工艺参数的控制,解决现有技术生产的同级别高强钢钢板厚度规格无法达到超薄厚度要求的技术问题,生产出符合超薄规格且具有良好成形性能的高强钢。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供一种超薄微合金高强钢,其特殊之处在于:所述超薄微合金高强钢中化学成分及重量百分含量为C:0.01~0.03%,Si:0.02~0.03%,Mn:0.72~0.75%,Ti:0.02~0.04%,V:0.03~0.05%;其余为Fe和不可避免杂质。
进一步地,所述超薄微合金高强钢的力学性能为:屈服强度为381~389Mpa,抗拉强度为445~450MPa,延伸率≥35%,塑性应变比r:2.24~2.35,应变硬化指数n:0.25~0.28。
进一步地,所述超薄微合金高强钢的组织结构为:变形铁素体+三次渗碳体,晶粒度在11级以上,其中三次渗碳体体积百分数在8.1~8.9%,在铁素体晶内或晶界有二相粒子析出,第二相粒子平均间距(1.7~1.9)×10-4mm,第二相粒子平均直径(0.43~0.47)×10-5mm。
另外,本发明还提供所述超薄微合金高强钢的制备方法,其特殊之处在于:包括如下步骤:
1)将纯Fe、C棒、电解Mn、单晶Si、Ti、V金属按各自的成分比例设计研磨成粉末颗粒;
2)经过激光增材制造技术制成厚度为0.41~0.45mm的原始钢板;
3)经过2辊冷轧机5~7%的冷轧压下率轧制获得厚度为0.39~0.42mm的成品钢板;
4)进行热处理:其加热速率为50~52℃/s,保温温度控制在891~901℃,然后以35~37℃/s快冷,在360~410℃时效后,冷却到室温。
进一步地,步骤2)中,激光增材制造技术采用SLS二氧化碳激光器设备实现,激光器功率为100~150W。
进一步地,步骤4)中进行热处理过程采用CCT-AWY薄板钢板热处理装置进行退火处理。
以下叙述本发明中选定合金元素、成分范围及关键工艺参数的理由。
C价格低廉,同时,C也是固溶强化元素,强化效果十分明显,C含量越高对强化效果越好;但C含量过高,不利于保证材料的成形性和焊接性能。
Si元素固溶在铁素体中,提高钢的强度,但Si元素容易在钢板表面形成致密的氧化层Mn2SiO4,从而影响材料的镀锌性能。
Mn元素是常规的强韧化元素,作为奥氏体形成元素,在扩大奥氏体区,降低终轧温度,推迟奥氏体转变,可以同时起到细化晶粒的作用;但Mn元素含量太高,一方面增加成本,另一方面增加钢的淬透性,使焊接组织出现硬化层导致裂纹焊缝及热影响区裂纹敏感性增高。
Ti和V是一种强碳氮化物形成元素,有利于析出强化,并且可以阻止高温奥氏体过分长大,具有极强的细化晶粒作用;但TI含量过高,其加工性变差,同时,增加了材料成本。
本发明有益效果:
本发明材料纯净无P、S和其它氧化物夹杂,致密度也大幅度提高,综合性能优异;并且生产出的钢板有较高的强度,高伸长率、良好的点焊性和良好的成形性,具有良好的市场应用前景及显著的社会效益和经济效益。
与传统钢板相比,采用本发明材料具有以下优点:
(1)本发明采用低碳、低硅、适度的锰含量以及少量微合金元素,经过热处理形成复合强化,来达到所要求的性能,碳当量大幅度降低,远远低于传统同级别的高强钢,焊接性能优异。
(2)本发明材料含有稳定的等轴铁素体+三次渗碳体,其中,三次渗碳体体积百分数在8.1~8.9%左右,晶粒度达到11级以上,在铁素体晶内或晶界有二相粒子析出,而且呈均匀分布,保证了材料的高强度和稳定的力学性能。
(3)与同等强度的传统高强钢相比,本发明产品,解决了现有软钢强度和抗凹性不足的问题,解决了传统方法制造的同级别高强钢钢板厚度规格无法达到超薄厚度要求的问题,也解决了同级别高强钢的成形性能也无法满足冲压轿车覆盖件的问题。
附图说明
图1为一种超薄微合金高强钢的金相组织图;
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细描述:
化学成分设计:
实施例1至6的超薄微合金高强钢以及对比例钢中的化学成分及重量百分含量为见表1;
实施例1至6的超薄微合金高强钢的制造方法如下:
1)将纯Fe、C棒、电解Mn、单晶Si、Ti、V金属按各自的成分比例设计研磨成粉末颗粒;
2)采用SLS二氧化碳激光器设备将其制成厚度为0.41~0.45mm的原始钢板,激光器功率为100~150W;
3)经过2辊冷轧机5~7%的冷轧压下率轧制获得厚度为0.39~0.42mm的成品钢板;
4)采用CCT-AWY薄板钢板热处理装置进行热处理:其加热速率为50~52℃/s,保温温度控制在891~901℃,然后以35~37℃/s快冷,在360~410℃时效后,冷却到室温。
各实施例产品的实物性能见表2。
表1本发明各实施例及对比例的取值列表(wt%)
表2本发明各实施例及对比例产品的实物性能
由表2可以看出,本实施例生产的钢材料发明材料的具有高强度、高伸长率、高塑性应变比和应变硬化指数,用于制造汽车覆盖件如门内板,综合力学性能和抗凹性能优于传统方法制造的钢板。而且实施例生产的钢材料厚度规格均不超过0.4mm,满足汽车用钢超薄规格的要求。
如图1所示,经过粉末化学成分优化设计和专门的增材制造工艺控制,各实施例均可获得的产品组织结构为:变形铁素体+三次渗碳体,晶粒度在11级以上,其中三次渗碳体体积百分数在8.1~8.9%,在铁素体晶内或晶界有二相粒子析出,第二相粒子平均间距(1.7~1.9)×10-4mm,第二相粒子平均直径(0.43~0.47)×10-5mm。

Claims (5)

1.一种超薄微合金高强钢,其特征在于:所述超薄微合金高强钢中化学成分及重量百分含量为C:0.01~0.03%,Si:0.02~0.03%,Mn:0.72~0.75%,Ti:0.02~0.04%,V:0.03~0.05%;其余为Fe和不可避免杂质;所述超薄微合金高强钢的制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)将纯Fe、C棒、电解Mn、单晶Si、Ti、V金属按各自的成分比例设计研磨成粉末颗粒;
2)经过激光增材制造技术制成厚度为0.41~0.45mm的原始钢板;
3)经过2辊冷轧机5~7%的冷轧压下率轧制获得厚度为0.39~0.42mm的成品钢板;
4)进行热处理:其加热速率为50~52℃/s,保温温度控制在891~901℃,然后以35~37℃/s快冷,在360~410℃时效后,冷却到室温。
2.根据权利要求1所述的超薄微合金高强钢,其特征在于:所述超薄微合金高强钢的力学性能为:屈服强度为381~389MPa,抗拉强度为445~450MPa,延伸率≥35%,塑性应变比r:2.24~2.35,应变硬化指数n:0.25~0.28。
3.根据权利要求1所述的超薄微合金高强钢,其特征在于:所述超薄微合金高强钢的组织结构为:变形铁素体+三次渗碳体,晶粒度在11级以上,其中三次渗碳体体积百分数在8.1~8.9%,在铁素体晶内或晶界有二相粒子析出,第二相粒子平均间距(1.7~1.9)×10-4mm,第二相粒子平均直径(0.43~0.47)×10-5mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述超薄微合金高强钢的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤2)中,激光增材制造技术采用SLS二氧化碳激光器设备实现,激光器功率为100~150W。
5.根据权利要求1或4所述超薄微合金高强钢的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤4)中进行热处理过程采用CCT-AWY薄板钢板热处理装置进行退火处理。
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