CN105734398A - High-boron and high-chromium white cast iron and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-boron and high-chromium white cast iron and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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Abstract
The invention discloses high-boron and high-chromium white cast iron. The high-boron and high-chromium white cast iron consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 2.0-2.8% of C, 2.0-2.5% of B, 3.0-3.5% of Cr, 0.3-0.5% of Si, 0.3-0.5% of Al, 0.15-0.25% of Zr, less than 0.04% of P and S, and the balance of Fe. An alloy is smelted by an electric furnace, and is put at the bottom of a ladle to form a casting after secondary aluminum deoxidation; a two-step method is adopted to perform the isothermal quenching heat treatment for the alloy; the primary isothermal quenching is performed in an isothermal salt bath furnace of 550-600 DEG C to obtain martensite basal cast iron; and the secondary isothermal quenching is performed in a salt bath furnace of 400-480 DEG C to finally obtain the complex phase-structured high-boron and high-chromium white cast iron distributed with high-hardness boron-carbon compounds on a martensite basal body.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metallurgical technology field, specifically a kind of high boron, high chrome white cast-iron and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Rich chromium cast iron, as a new generation's anti-friction material, replaces traditional potassium steel the most widely in field
And become the quality material of wear-resistant grain abrasion.Under the occasion that especially hardness is high abrasive material lumpiness is little, as pulverized water
Mud grog, prepare and under the operating modes such as quartz sand, more become a kind of optimal material, and accepted by vast related industries circle.
The wear-resistant block that my company produces also is to use rich chromium cast iron.But the performance obtained by actual industrial metaplasia is produced is the hardest
The spaces that still have greatly improved such as degree, toughness, difference of hardness.Therefore, on the premise of low cost, height can be made
The composition of chrome cast iron, tissue and Technology for Heating Processing more optimize, so that its performance has a bigger rising then
It it is a target of great realistic meaning.
Boron enriches in china natural resources, is carbide.The boron of trace is i.e. greatly improved quenching of iron and steel
Thoroughly property and save a large amount of expensive strong quenching degree alloying element, and make the wearability of metal material greatly be carried
Height, this is well-known.
Also have been reported that using boron as the research of the casting iron-base alloy of main alloy element.Japanese researchers introduces
There is the Fe-15Cr-C-B alloy of different boron, carbon content, even if also there being the highest hardness under as cast condition, connecing
Nearly 60HRC, this alloy is likely the most thermally treated as ni-hard cast iron directly to be used under as cast condition.
At the beginning of the nineties in last century, the researcher of Queensland University material system of Australia is at high chrome
On the basis of develop the siderochrome boron alloy that a kind of anti-wear performance is excellent, not only there is the wearability of excellence, and its
Hardness can change within a large range, and from HRC22 to HRC62, casting siderochrome boron alloy has soft
Characteristic is that machining provides possibility, the most also has good thermal shock resistance.
It addition, both at home and abroad in build-up wear-resistant alloy research, utilize boride hardness and heat endurance higher than carbonization
Thing, particularly boron and the FeB (HV1800～2000) and Fe of iron generation2The hardness of B (HV1400～1500) is not only
Far above Fe3C (HV800～900), and higher than the carbide Cr of chromium7C3(HV1300～1500), uses alloy
Boride replace alloy carbide as the wear-resisting phase of antifriction alloy, can further improve antifriction alloy hardness and
Wearability, also can reduce the precious alloy additions such as chromium, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, titanium.Along with in hardfacing alloy, boron contains
Amount increases, and hardfacing alloy tissue changes, and successively occurs in that the Fe as wear-resisting phase in tissue3(C, B),
Fe23(C, B)6And Fe2The carbon such as B, boron compound, along with the increase of its quantity, the hardness of hardfacing alloy and resistance to
Mill property significantly improves, and finds that eutectic structure has optimal toughness.
Therefore add boron to can rich chromium cast iron also can be effectively improved under having the operating mode of abrasive wear of impact
Its wear resistence, thus reduce cost, improve performance, the target of saving alloy？This project is intended resitting an exam
Examine boron content and Technology for Heating Processing and the hardness of rich chromium cast iron and the relation of impact flexibility, in order to can be rich chromium cast iron
Composition, tissue and Technology for Heating Processing optimization design provide foundation.
Along with developing rapidly of modern industry, for meeting the needs of all kinds of engineering component and equipment, new material continues to bring out.
Meanwhile, more and more higher to the quality requirement of traditional material, improve the quality of traditional material, improve traditional material
Preparation technology become the task of top priority.Particularly national defence and the national economic development had the special of strategic importance
Material, due to the problem of preparation technology, imbalance between supply and demand is more prominent, and is abroad limited, and has a strong impact on
The progress of China related industries and development.In the previous decade in this century, be China's economy continue, stable and
At the crucial moment developed in a healthy way, the preparation of all kinds of new materials and application are faced with the most arduous and severe shape
Gesture, it is necessary to the new engineering material that research and development of going into overdrive can be promoted economic development.Ferrous materials has
Production scale is big, be prone to processing, dependable performance, easy to use, cheap and be easy to the features such as recovery, still
Prevailing structural timber, improve the tissue of ferrous materials and performance is the most metallurgical and
Material supplier author constantly pays close attention to and makes every effort to the important topic realized, and the innovation of wear resisting steel iron material and development are wherein
Important component part.Abrasion is metallurgy, mine, machinery, electric power, coal, oil, traffic, military project etc.
Many industrial departments generally exist and become the major reason causing equipment failure or material damage, also make
One of problem that one-tenth economic loss is most, research and development a new generation high-abrasive material, reduces galling, to state
People's economy has great importance.
At present, high-chromium white cast iron is widely used both at home and abroad and produces wearing piece, particularly wear-resistant block.High chromium white
Cast iron matrix carbon content is higher, containing retained austenite in martensite after quenching, not only reduces high chromium white casting
The hardness of iron, and easily undergo phase transition in application process, promote crackle to produce, reduce anti-wear performance.Adopt
The quantity of retained austenite can be reduced with subzero treatment technology and subcritical heat-treat-ment, improve the wearability of cast iron
Energy.Primary crystal tissue can be refined by alloying, improve its anti-wear performance.But improving high-chromium white cast iron
Toughness aspect does not has substantive progress, even if containing valuable Mo, Ni, W, V, its fragility is still
Greatly, middle existence is used easily to peel off the deficiency even ftractureed.High-chromium white cast iron can be only applied to impact the highest work
Condition condition, when impacting higher, easily produces and fractures or break up inefficacy.The life of the FBC high-abrasive material of this project
Produce with low cost, intensity and toughness is high, quenching degree is good, be expected to replace now widely used high-abrasive material.
Along with the alloying elements such as valuable chromium, molybdenum, nickel, tungsten, vanadium being continuously increased of usage amount in ferrous materials,
Price rapidly goes up, and supply is becoming tight day, causes existing high-abrasive material production cost constantly to rise.The present invention's
High boron, high chrome cast iron is based on ordinary white cast iron, adds a certain amount of boron, chromium as alloying element, adds
Other alloying element entered is with little or no adding, and cost is relatively low, but can obtain toughness and preferably and be distributed on matrix
There is the microscopic structure of high hardness wear-resisting phase.High boron, high chrome cast iron has good obdurability and high rigidity, has life
Production. art is simple, low cost, the features such as anti-wear performance is superior, can apply to various have impact abrasive wear
In the wear resistant applications of condition and the wearing piece of various engineering machinery, this application market is the most wide.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to develop a kind of high boron, high chrome white cast-iron, there is low production cost, intensity and tough
Property high, feature that quenching degree is good, replace now widely used cast iron class high-abrasive material.
Realize foregoing invention purpose technical scheme:
A kind of high boron, high chrome white cast-iron, is made up of following percentage by weight: 2.0～2.8%C, 2.0～2.5%
B, 3.0～3.5%Cr, 0.3～0.5%Si, 0.3～0.5Al, 0.15～0.25%Zr, P ＜ 0.04%,
S ＜ 0.04%, surplus is Fe.
It is a further object to provide a kind of high boron, high chrome white cast-iron manufacture method, the method include with
Lower concrete steps:
(1) common scrap iron is inserted electric induction furnace or electric arc furnaces carries out melting, fusion process adds ferrosilicon, stove
Expect melting down after regulate carbon content with carburant；
(2) inserting deoxidation of aluminium after melt temperature is increased to 1400～1480 DEG C, the addition of aluminium is cast iron weight
0.15～0.3%；
(3) add aluminium zirconium ferro-boron intermediate alloy, melting down skim after insert aluminium carry out secondary deoxidation；
(4) liquid cast-iron is come out of the stove, and liquid cast-iron directly pours into foundry goods, pouring temperature 1350～1450 DEG C；
(5) foundry goods after casting is removed dead head, be placed in chamber type electric resistance furnace, through 900～930 DEG C of austenites
Changing, be incubated 0.5～3 hour, temperature retention time determines according to casting section thickness, generally 3min/mm；
(6) foundry goods takes out Quick air be as cold as 600-650 DEG C and insert the isothermal salt bath furnace that temperature is 550～600 DEG C
In carry out a same temperature hardening heat treatment, be 5～10 minutes according to the thickness difference temperature retention time of foundry goods, obtain
Martensitic cast iron；
(7) foundry goods is taken out, after quick air cooling, put in the isothermal salt bath furnace that temperature is 400～480 DEG C and carry out
Secondary isothermal quenches, and is incubated 0.5～4 hour according to the thickness difference of foundry goods, takes out laggard line space cold, after air cooling
Obtain the heterogeneous structure high boron, high chrome white cast-iron being distributed high rigidity borocarbide on martensitic matrix.
Wherein, the carburant described in step (1) is barren rock electrode ink, graphite granule, step (6) and step (7)
Described in isothermal salt bath be to be formed by the natrium nitrosum proportioning of the potassium nitrate that mass fraction is 50% and 50%.
Wherein, aluminium zirconium ferro-boron intermediate alloy is to prepare aluminium zirconium according to needed for high boron, high chrome white cast-iron proportioning content
Ferro-boron, intermediate alloy addition is the 8～10% of gross weight.
Compared with prior art, the invention have the characteristics that:
(1) high boron, high chrome white cast-iron of the present invention, martensitic matrix is distributed the complex phase of high rigidity borocarbide
Tissue, has the wearability of excellence；
(2) in high boron, high chrome white cast-iron, boron element, chromium element, aluminium element, the existence of zr element are mainly
Form high rigidity, the borocarbide of high abrasion and high tenacity C-B-Al zirconium compound phase；
(3) alloy adds percentage by weight be 2.0～2.5% the purpose of element silicon primarily to waiting
The effect of strong inhibition Carbide Precipitation in temperature quenching process, it is ensured that form the shellfish of carbides-free in heat-treated sturcture
Family name's body, the existence of carbides-free in tissue, can improve the decay resistance of cast iron；
(4) present invention uses Cr element, Al element, Zr element to carry out the Metamorphism treatment of boride, Cr element,
Al element, the addition of Zr element can be formed in high-temperature fusant has the Gao Rong of good symbiosis and epibiosis with carbon boride
Point compound, promotes carbon boride forming core, reaches to refine the purpose of carbon boride, improves the mechanical property of cast iron；
(5) present invention uses two-step method that alloy is carried out same temperature hardening heat treatment, 550～600 DEG C etc. thermohaline
Carrying out an isothermal hardening in liquid furnace is to obtain martensitic matrix cast iron, in the salt bath furnace of 400～480 DEG C
Carry out secondary isothermal quenching, obtain the heterogeneous structure being distributed high rigidity borocarbide on martensitic matrix the most at last
High boron, high chrome white cast-iron.
The present invention uses two-step method that alloy is carried out salt bath austempering, it is thus achieved that hardness >=54HRC, impact flexibility
The high boron, high chrome white cast-iron of Ak >=8J, tensile strength >=600MPa, institutional framework is to divide on martensitic matrix
The heterogeneous structure of cloth high rigidity borocarbide, has the wearability of excellence；It is applied to high reliability abrasion field
Engineering material, especially metallurgy, mine, machinery, electric power, coal, oil, traffic and military project etc. permitted
The raw material exploitation of many industrial departments, broken and transportation art acquisition extensively application.
The high boron, high chrome white cast-iron of the present invention with the rich boron of China as main alloy element, the most nickeliferous, molybdenum,
The precious alloy such as tungsten, vanadium, has low cost, high rigidity, excellent abrasive resistance and obdurability, can substitute various
Abrasion-resistant stee iron type materials for abrasive wear operating mode；High boron, high chrome white cast-iron decrease valuable Mo, Ni,
W and V element thus cost performance, higher than existing main high-abrasive material, can capture a part of existing high-abrasive material
Market, such as wearing piece, grinder wear resistance part and the casting machine wearing piece etc. of engineering machinery, have billions of unit every year
Market is available for exploitation.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment toughness brilliant to the present invention containing aluminium height boron height cast iron and manufacture method thereof make into
One step describes in detail.
Embodiment 1
A kind of high boron, high chrome white cast-iron, is made up of following percentage by weight: 2.0%C, 2.5%B, 3.0%
Cr, 0.5%Si, 0.5Al, 0.25%Zr, P ＜ 0.04%, S ＜ 0.04%, surplus is Fe.
High boron, high chrome white cast-iron manufacture method includes step in detail below:
(1) common scrap iron is inserted electric induction furnace or electric arc furnaces carries out melting, fusion process adds ferrosilicon, stove
Expect melting down after regulate carbon content with carburant；
(2) inserting deoxidation of aluminium after melt temperature is increased to 1400～1480 DEG C, the addition of aluminium is cast iron weight
0.15～0.3%；
(3) add aluminium zirconium ferro-boron intermediate alloy, melting down skim after insert aluminium carry out secondary deoxidation；
(4) liquid cast-iron is come out of the stove, and liquid cast-iron directly pours into foundry goods, pouring temperature 1350～1450 DEG C；
(5) foundry goods after casting is removed dead head, be placed in chamber type electric resistance furnace, through 900～930 DEG C of austenites
Changing, be incubated 0.5～3 hour, temperature retention time determines according to casting section thickness, generally 3min/mm；
(6) foundry goods takes out Quick air be as cold as 600-650 DEG C and insert the isothermal salt bath furnace that temperature is 550～600 DEG C
In carry out a same temperature hardening heat treatment, be 5～10 minutes according to the thickness difference temperature retention time of foundry goods, obtain
Martensitic cast iron；
(7) foundry goods is taken out, after quick air cooling, put in the isothermal salt bath furnace that temperature is 400～480 DEG C and carry out
Secondary isothermal quenches, and is incubated 0.5～4 hour according to the thickness difference of foundry goods, takes out laggard line space cold, after air cooling
Obtain the heterogeneous structure high boron, high chrome white cast-iron being distributed high rigidity borocarbide on martensitic matrix.
The high boron, high chrome white cast-iron obtained, its mechanical property is as follows: hardness is 56HRC, and tensile strength is
650MPa, impact flexibility Ak is 8.5J.Falex multifunction friction wear testing machine carries out ball dish test (right
Mill material is zirconia ceramics ball, pressure 10 pounds), wear weight loss is 4.85mg.
Embodiment 2
A kind of high boron, high chrome white cast-iron, is made up of following percentage by weight: 2.8%C, 2.5%B, 3.0%
Cr, 0.3%Si, 0.3Al, 0.15%Zr, P ＜ 0.04%, S ＜ 0.04%, surplus is Fe.
Weighing by proportioning aequum, preparation process is as follows:
(1) common scrap iron is inserted electric induction furnace or electric arc furnaces carries out melting, fusion process adds ferrosilicon, stove
Expect melting down after regulate carbon content with carburant；
(2) inserting deoxidation of aluminium after melt temperature is increased to 1400～1480 DEG C, the addition of aluminium is cast iron weight
0.15～0.3%；
(3) add aluminium zirconium ferro-boron intermediate alloy, melting down skim after insert aluminium carry out secondary deoxidation；
(4) liquid cast-iron is come out of the stove, and liquid cast-iron directly pours into foundry goods, pouring temperature 1350～1450 DEG C；
(5) foundry goods after casting is removed dead head, be placed in chamber type electric resistance furnace, through 900～930 DEG C of austenites
Changing, be incubated 0.5～3 hour, temperature retention time determines according to casting section thickness, generally 3min/mm；
(6) foundry goods takes out Quick air be as cold as 600-650 DEG C and insert the isothermal salt bath furnace that temperature is 550～600 DEG C
In carry out a same temperature hardening heat treatment, be 5～10 minutes according to the thickness difference temperature retention time of foundry goods, obtain
Martensitic cast iron；
(7) foundry goods is taken out, after quick air cooling, put in the isothermal salt bath furnace that temperature is 400～480 DEG C and carry out
Secondary isothermal quenches, and is incubated 0.5～4 hour according to the thickness difference of foundry goods, takes out laggard line space cold, after air cooling
Obtain the heterogeneous structure high boron, high chrome white cast-iron being distributed high rigidity borocarbide on martensitic matrix.
The high boron, high chrome white cast-iron obtained, its mechanical property is as follows: hardness is 58HRC, and tensile strength is
630MPa, impact flexibility Ak is 9.0J.Falex multifunction friction wear testing machine carries out ball dish test
(being zirconia ceramics ball to mill material, pressure 10 pounds), wear weight loss is 3.55mg.
Embodiment described above is only to be described the preferred embodiment of the present invention, not to the present invention
Model
Enclosing and be defined, on the premise of designing spirit without departing from the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are to this
The various deformation made of technical scheme of invention and improvement, all should fall into the protection that claims of the present invention determines
In the range of.
Claims (5)
1. a high boron, high chrome white cast-iron, is made up of following percentage by weight: 2.0～2.8%C, and 2.0～2.5%B, 3.0～3.5%Cr, 0.3～0.5%Si, 0.3～0.5Al, 0.15～0.25%Zr, P ＜ 0.04%, S ＜ 0.04%, surplus is Fe.
2. the high boron, high chrome white cast-iron manufacture method described in claim 1, including step in detail below:
(1) common scrap iron is inserted electric induction furnace or electric arc furnaces carries out melting, fusion process adds ferrosilicon, after furnace charge is melting down, regulates carbon content with carburant；
(2) inserting deoxidation of aluminium after melt temperature is increased to 1400～1480 DEG C, the addition of aluminium is the 0.15～0.3% of cast iron weight；
(3) add aluminium zirconium ferro-boron intermediate alloy, melting down skim after insert aluminium carry out secondary deoxidation；
(4) liquid cast-iron is come out of the stove, and liquid cast-iron directly pours into foundry goods, pouring temperature 1350～1450 DEG C；
(5) foundry goods after casting being removed dead head, be placed in chamber type electric resistance furnace, through 900～930 DEG C of austenitizings, be incubated 0.5～3 hour, temperature retention time determines according to casting section thickness, generally 3min/mm；
(6) foundry goods takes out Quick air be as cold as 600-650 DEG C and insert in the isothermal salt bath furnace that temperature is 550～600 DEG C and carry out a same temperature hardening heat treatment, be 5～10 minutes according to the thickness difference temperature retention time of foundry goods, obtain martensitic cast iron；
(7) foundry goods is taken out, quickly after air cooling, put in the isothermal salt bath furnace that temperature is 400～480 DEG C and carry out secondary isothermal quenching, thickness difference according to foundry goods is incubated 0.5～4 hour, take out laggard line space cold, after air cooling, obtain the heterogeneous structure high boron, high chrome white cast-iron being distributed high rigidity borocarbide on martensitic matrix.
Manufacture method the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that wherein the carburant described in step (1) is barren rock electrode ink, graphite granule.
Manufacture method the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that wherein the isothermal salt bath described in step (6) and step (7) is to be formed by the natrium nitrosum proportioning of the potassium nitrate that mass fraction is 50% and 50%.
Manufacture method the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that aluminium zirconium ferro-boron intermediate alloy is to prepare aluminium zirconium ferro-boron according to needed for high boron, high chrome white cast-iron proportioning content, and intermediate alloy addition is the 8～10% of gross weight.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112359273A (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2021-02-12 | 武汉科技大学 | High-hardness high-carbon medium-chromium wear-resistant cast iron and preparation method thereof |
| CN113756118A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2021-12-07 | 南通华严磨片有限公司 | Tough high-chromium cast iron abrasive disc added with semimetal |
| US20230313331A1 (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2023-10-05 | Townley Foundry & Machine Co., Inc. | Hypereutectic white iron alloy comprising chromium, boron and nitrogen and cryogenically hardened articles made therefrom |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113756118A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2021-12-07 | 南通华严磨片有限公司 | Tough high-chromium cast iron abrasive disc added with semimetal |
| CN113756118B (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2023-09-15 | 南通华严磨片有限公司 | Tough high-chromium cast iron abrasive disc added with semi-metal |
| CN112359273A (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2021-02-12 | 武汉科技大学 | High-hardness high-carbon medium-chromium wear-resistant cast iron and preparation method thereof |
| US20230313331A1 (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2023-10-05 | Townley Foundry & Machine Co., Inc. | Hypereutectic white iron alloy comprising chromium, boron and nitrogen and cryogenically hardened articles made therefrom |
| US12084732B2 (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2024-09-10 | Townley Foundry & Machine Co., Inc. | Hypereutectic white iron alloy comprising chromium, boron and nitrogen and cryogenically hardened articles made therefrom |
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| CN105734398B (en) | 2017-10-20 |
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Denomination of invention: High-boron and high-chromium white cast iron and preparation method thereof Effective date of registration: 20181226 Granted publication date: 20171020 Pledgee: Changxin Zhejiang rural commercial bank Limited by Share Ltd Pledgor: Changxin de Tian construction machinery Limited by Share Ltd Registration number: 2018330000521 |
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