CN105733773B - 油气通用内燃机油 - Google Patents
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
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- C10M169/044—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
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- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
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Abstract
油气通用内燃机油,含有8~12%(重量)的SANT 1088,7~11%(重量)的SANT 2036,0.5~5%(重量)的SANT 6083,0.5~5%(重量)的SANT 8068,20~40%(重量)的150N,0~40%(重量)的500N,0~10%(重量)的150BS,40~60%(重量)的聚a烯烃合成油,5~20%(重量)的多元醇酯;油气通用内燃机油制备方法包括以下步骤:①先将150N、500N、150BS、聚a烯烃合成油、多元醇酯按比例混和;②将上步骤所得混和液升温至55—65℃;③按配比加入SANT 2036,SANT 6083,SANT 1088和SANT 8068,在55—65℃下搅拌均匀。油气通用内燃机油低粘度、多级化,挥发性低,良好的氧化安定性,适合双燃料发动机使用,延长使用寿命。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种润滑油,特别是一种双燃料内燃机用润滑油。油气通用内燃机油
还可称为气/油通用内燃机油,或节能环保型油/气通用高级内燃机油。
背景技术
目前,我国大城市的出租车,多混合使用天然气和汽油或柴油作燃料,而发动机润滑油则使用市售汽油机润滑油或柴油机润滑油。实践表明,汽油车改用天然气后,如果继续使用汽油机润滑油缺点是易导致润滑油硝化、氧化变质,使用寿命大幅缩短。据调查统计,成都地区出租车的润滑机油的换油周期仅为五千公里。柴油车改用天然气后,如果继续使用柴油机油,缺点是因润滑油灰份过高易引起火花塞堵塞,阀门喷火,缩短降低PM排放的颗粒物捕集器(DPF)的寿命。如果采用天然气发动机润滑油,缺点是因其磷含量高而导致汽车三元催化转化器中贵金属活性组份中毒。研究油/气通用的内燃机润滑油势在必行。
天然气(压缩天然气CNG和液化天然气LNG)的主要成份是甲烷,燃烧热值较高,天然气发动机工作温度较柴油机和汽油机高,容易生成NOx,使润滑油硝化、氧化,导致润滑油粘度增大,积炭和油泥的生成。
天然气发动机对润滑油的高温抗氧化安定性提出了更高的要求。
天然气是干性燃料,使用过程中不像汽柴油对进排气阀门有润滑作用,易造成阀门的磨损嵌入。这是使用气体燃料所特有的问题,只能通过控制润滑油的灰份来平衡,灰份过低引起阀门磨损嵌入;灰份过高导致火花塞堵塞,阀门喷火,燃烧室沉积物多和爆震。
天然气发动机对润滑油的灰份提出了苛刻的要求。
目前,天然气发动机润滑油的规格和分类仍在起步阶段,各大发动机制造厂都提出了自己的要求,见表-1。API建议NG-1用于固定式发动机,NG-2用于制动式发动机,NG-3用于客车发动机。也有按所用气体组成的不同来分类:无灰无硫无腐蚀的气体,使用低灰低碱值的润滑油,随着气体组份的变化和硫含量的上升,使用灰份和碱值高一些的润滑油。
我国现有汽油机国家标准GB11121-2006和柴油机国家标准GB11122-2006均未对硫酸盐灰份提出控制;
欧洲汽车制造商ACEA的规格规定汽油机和轻负荷柴油机油的硫酸盐灰份<1.5%,重负荷柴油机的硫酸盐灰份<2.0%。美国康明斯发动机(Cummins)装车油硫酸盐灰份≤1.85%.德国戴姆勒克菲斯勒工厂装车油硫酸盐灰份,汽油机油≤1.5%,重负荷柴油机油≤2.0%。均远高于天然气发动机制造商的技术要求(详见表-1发动机制造商对CNG压缩天然气发动机的技术要求)。
发明内容
本发明提供一种灰分碱值适中、含磷量较低、适用于油气通用的内燃机、使用寿命长的润滑油。
油气通用内燃机油,含有8~12%(重量)的SANT-1088,7~11%(重量)的SANT-2036,0.5~5%(重量)的SANT-6083,0.5~5%(重量)的SANT-8068,20~40%(重量)的150N,0~40%(重量)的500N,0~10%(重量)的150BS,40~60%(重量)的聚a烯烃合成油,5~20%(重量)的多元醇酯。
上述的油气通用内燃机油,所述聚a烯烃合成油为PAO6,所述多元醇酯为三羟甲基丙烷混合酸酯。
上述的油气通用内燃机油,含有22.00%(重量)的150N,9.5%(重量)的500N,40%(重量)的PAO6,5%(重量)的多元醇酯,9.5%(重量)的SANT-2036,1%(重量)的SANT-6083,12%(重量)的SANT-1088,1%(重量)的SANT-8068。
上述的油气通用内燃机油,含有28.90%(重量)的150N,3.21%(重量)的500N,36.70%(重量)的PAO6,4.59%(重量)的多元醇酯,7.34%(重量)的SANT-2036,0.92%(重量)的SANT-6083,9.17%(重量)的SANT-1088,9.17%(重量)的SANT-8068。
油气通用内燃机油的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
①先将150N、500N、150BS、聚a烯烃合成油、多元醇酯按比例混和;
②将上步骤所得混和液升温至55—65℃;
③按配比加入SANT-2036,SANT-6083,SANT-1088和SANT-8068,在55—65℃下搅拌均匀。
上述油气通用内燃机油的制备方法,特征在于:步骤②所述将上步骤所得混和液升温至60℃并在此温度下搅拌均匀。
上述油气通用内燃机油的制备方法,特征在于:步骤③依先后顺序加入SANT-2036,SANT-6083,SANT-1088和SANT-8068。
上述油气通用内燃机油的制备方法,特征在于:包括步骤④,过滤。
上述油气通用内燃机油的制备方法,特征在于:所述过滤芯为400目的铜丝网两次过滤。
有益效果
根据气体发动机制造厂的要求,汽油机油和柴油机油的性能需求和我国天然气质量的实际,将油/气通用内燃机油的硫酸盐灰份定为0.6-1.0%为宜。
节能环保型气/油通用高级内燃机油,本发明提出不仅要满足我国现行汽油机油质量标准GB11121-2006和柴油机油质量标准GB11122-2006,还应增加灰份(0.6-1.0%)和碱值(大于5KOHmg/g)二项控制指标。
硫酸盐灰份降低后,内燃机润滑油的碱值也将随之降低,将导致润滑油的高温清净性、酸中和能力、抗腐蚀和抗氧化安定性的下降;放在规定油品的灰份时,还须同时规定油品的碱值,以保证油品的综合使用性能。根据优化配方的理论计算和大量行车试验的数据,气/油通用内燃机油的碱值为大于5KOHmg/g为宜。
为了验证本发明产品的使用性能,先后三批次共生产气/油通用内燃机油12吨,3300余桶(4L),进行行车试验,在云南高原崎岖的农村机耕道、在风雪寒冷的大西北边垂、东北松辽平原、四川南充润滑油销售商行、福建泉洲润滑油店、中石油川西片区。以上进行了多车多批次长距离长时间的行车实验。实践证明:本专利油品在不同车型和各种恶劣的地埋环境下运行良好。
节能环保型油/气通用高级内燃机油具有以下优点:
1、低粘度、多级化。低粘化是当前内然机节能的主要措施之-。(实验表明;减少摩擦损失10%能减少燃油耗量2-5%,粘度降1厘斯大约节油1-1.5%)。多级化和加入摩擦改进剂是减少高低温摩擦损失的又一途径。本专利产品是加有节能减摩剂的低粘度大跨度多级油。(5W/40、5W/30、10W/30、10W/40)
2.低的挥发性。即减少了机油的消耗量,也大大的降低了有害气体的排放。实验证明本专利产品环保效果尤为突出。
3.良好的氧化安定性。本专利产品精选了成都三新化工应用技术研究所多功能抗氧剂,极大的增加了抗氧化能力,显著延长本专利润滑油的使用寿命即换油周期。
4.均衡的使用性,油/气通用;
5、本发明所述产品满足灰份(0.6-1.0%)和碱值(大于5KOHmg/g)二项控制指标。
在成都出租车队服务公司、四川射洪公交公司、四川林海运业有限公司、哈尔滨出租车公司的单位进行行车试验。对其中10部车进行跟踪检查。每5000公里取一次油送回单位,对100℃粘度、总碱值、戊烷不溶物进行分析,并对油品的颜色和气味进行检查,结果见图-1、2、3。使用单位和人员一致反映,使用本发明所述机油后汽车起步较快,噪音明显降小,节约燃料成本约2%,换油期可达3万公里。
采样分析结果表明,行驶3万公里,油品报废的主要指标:粘度10W-40下降10.6%、5W-30下降11.3%,总碱值10W-404.02mgKOH/g、5W-303.5mgKOH/g,戊烷不溶物10W-401.85%,均小于报废标准。油品的颜色和气味在1万公里是变化不大,无酸辛味。1万公里后颜色逐渐变暗、变黑、酸辛味增大,到3万公里时比较明显。
附图说明
图1:油气通用内燃机油粘度—行驶里程变化图(粘度下降25%,油品报废;粗线─10W/40细线─5W/30);
图2:气/油通用内燃机油总碱值—行驶里程变化图(碱值小于2,油品报废;粗线─10W/40细线─5W/30);
图3:节能环保型气/油通用内燃机油戊烷不溶物—行驶里程变化图;
图4:表-1,发动机制造商对CNG压缩天然气发动机的技术要求;
图5:表-2,节能环保型油/气通用内燃机油(SL/CH-4)分析报告;
图6:表-3,摩擦系数比较表[采用MR-S10A型四球摩擦试验机(主轴转速范围200~2000r/min无极可调,轴向实验力40-10000N)、按GB12583-1998和SH/T0189-92对普通油和本专利产品的摩擦系数和磨斑直径进行了测定]。
具体实施方式
实施例1、5W/30ACEAA5-02(APISM)油/气通用内燃机油的调配:
将150N315g.500N35g,PAO6400g(南京新化原化学有限公司售的雪佛龙产品,上海棋成实业有限公司售的壳牌产品),多元醇酯50g加入2L敞口烧杯中,在搅拌下升温至60±2℃。加入SANT-2036 80g,SANT-6083 10g,恒温搅拌10分钟,直到液体均匀透明。再加入SANT-1088 100g,SANT-8068 10g,恒温搅拌30分钟,经过滤得成品。
实施例2、10W/40ACEAA5-02/CH-4油/气通用内燃机油的调配:
将150N220g,500N95g,PAO6 400g,多元醇酯50g加入2L敞口烧杯中,在搅拌下升温至60±2℃。加入SANT-2036 95g,SANT-6083 10g,恒温搅拌10分钟,直到液体均匀透明。再加入SANT-1088120g,SANT-806810g,恒温搅拌30分钟,经过滤(400目的铜丝网两次过滤)得成品。
实施例2所得成品油分析化验结果见表-2。
上述实施例所述在搅拌下升温至60±2℃,是因为温度过高易引起油品氧化,温度过低不利于添加剂完全溶解,经过长期实践,该温度以60℃为宜,在实际生产中,在55-58℃、62-65℃时产品质量和生产效率在可接受范围。
本发明中所述的原料(或组分)分为添加剂和基础油;
添加剂为:SANT-1088环保型高级内燃机复合剂;SANT-2036分散型VI改进剂;SANT-6083低温流动性改进剂,SANT-8068环保型节能减摩剂;上述添加剂来自成都三新化工应用技术研究所,该所从1991年就向市场销售自己研制生产的工业产品;上述添加剂的化学成份及生产方法现处于保密状态,但在本专利申请日前上述添加剂已经在市场公开销售,也就是说任何人通过公开合法途径都可取得上述添加剂。
基础油包括150N、500N、150BS、聚a烯烃合成油、多元醇酯,上述实施例中所述基础油可采用国产加氢油150N、500N、150BS。可以是中石油、中石化或中海油公司的产品,聚a烯烃合成油采用上海纳克公司的产品,多元醇酯采用杭州优米化工有限公司的产品。
本发明中所述聚a烯烃合成油有多种,最好是PAO6;所述多元醇酯也有多种,最好是三羟甲基丙烷混合酸酯。
实例3、5W/30ACEAA5-02/CH-4(APISM)油/气通用内燃机油的调配:
将390gPAO5,65gPAO9,65g150N,100gSANT-1088,三羟甲基丙烷辛癸酸酯45g,加入2L敞口烧杯中,在搅拌下升温至60±2℃。加入SANT-203875g,8gSANT-6083,恒温搅拌10分钟,直到液体均匀透明。再加入100gSANT-1088、8gSANT-8068,恒温搅拌30分钟,经过滤(400目的铜丝网两次过滤)得成品。
实例4、10W/40ACEAA5-02/CH-4(APISM)油/气通用内燃机油的调配:
将320gPAO8,210g150N,120gSANT-1088,90gPAO9,105g500N、季戊四醇酯60g,加入2L敞口烧杯中,在搅拌下升温至60±2℃,恒温搅拌10分钟,直到液体均匀透明。再加85g2038,5gSANT-8068,5gSANT-6083,120gSANT-1088,恒温搅拌30分钟,经过滤(400目的铜丝网两次过滤)得成品。
经试验,发明人发现依先后顺序将SANT-2036,和SANT-8068加入基础油有利于混和均匀、缩短搅拌时间、提高生产效率。
经试验,含有8~12%(重量)的SANT-1088,7~11%(重量)的SANT-2036,0.5~5%(重量)的SANT-6083,0.5~5%(重量)的SANT-8068,20~40%(重量)的150N,0~40%(重量)的500N,0~10%(重量)的150BS,40~60%(重量)的聚a烯烃合成油,5~20%(重量)的多元醇酯的油气通用内燃机油均可实现本发明目的、满足灰份(0.6-1.0%)和碱值(大于5KOHmg/g)二项控制指标。
Claims (7)
1.油气通用内燃机油,其特征在于,由8~12%(重量)的SANT-1088,7~11%(重量)的SANT-2036,0.5~5%(重量)的SANT-6083,0.5~5%(重量)的SANT-8068,20~40%(重量)的150N,0~40%(重量)的500N,0~10%(重量)的150BS,40~60%(重量)的聚a烯烃合成油和5~20%(重量)的多元醇酯组成;各组分用量之和为100%;
其中,所述聚a烯烃合成油为PAO6,所述多元醇酯为三羟甲基丙烷混合酸酯。
2.权利要求1所述的油气通用内燃机油,特征在于:由22.00%(重量)的150N,9.5%(重量)的500N,40%(重量)的PAO6,5%(重量)的多元醇酯,9.5%(重量)的SANT-2036,1%(重量)的SANT-6083,12%(重量)的SANT-1088和1%(重量)的SANT-8068组成。
3.权利要求1所述油气通用内燃机油的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
①先将150N、500N、150BS、聚a烯烃合成油、多元醇酯按比例混和;
②将上步骤所得混和液升温至55—65℃;
③按配比加入SANT-2036,SANT-6083,SANT-1088和SANT-8068,在55—65℃下搅拌均匀。
4.权利要求3所述油气通用内燃机油的制备方法,特征在于:步骤②所述将上步骤所得混和液升温至60℃并在此温度下搅拌均匀。
5.权利要求3所述油气通用内燃机油的制备方法,特征在于:步骤③依先后顺序加入SANT-2036,SANT-6083,SANT-1088和SANT-8068。
6.权利要求3所述油气通用内燃机油的制备方法,特征在于:包括步骤④,过滤。
7.权利要求6所述油气通用内燃机油的制备方法,特征在于:所述过滤是指采用滤芯为400目的铜丝网两次过滤。
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