CN105731751A - 一种畜禽干粪联产生物天然气和碳酸氢铵的系统及方法 - Google Patents
一种畜禽干粪联产生物天然气和碳酸氢铵的系统及方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种畜禽干粪联产生物天然气和碳酸氢铵的系统及方法,属于可再生能源开发领域。本系统包括:通过液体循环管路依次连通的调节池、厌氧反应器、固液分离机、沼液预热池、液体泵、氨气吹脱塔;通过液体流通管路依次连通的氨气吸收塔、二氧化碳吸收塔、结晶器、干燥器;通过气体流通管路依次连通的厌氧反应器、脱硫塔、沼气压缩机、二氧化碳吸收塔、气液分离器;氨气吹脱塔与氨气吸收塔7通过气体流通管路依次连通。本发明还提供了一种采用该系统生产生物天然气和碳酸氢铵的方法。本发明将沼液脱氨氮和沼气脱碳相结合,可实现节约用水,拓宽资源利用,提高工程经济性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种生物天然气和碳酸氢铵的生产技术,具体涉及一种一种畜禽干粪联产生物天然气和碳酸氢铵的系统及方法。属于可再生能源开发领域。
背景技术
对于畜禽养殖场的粪便收集,与水冲洗粪污收集相比,干清粪是一种节水的粪便收集方式,在缺水地区尤其备受青睐;另外,随着分散养殖、粪便集中处理模式的推广,为节省粪便运输成本,通常在粪便收集中转站进行自然风干脱水,因此运输到粪便处理站的是更干的粪便。这些干粪便的干物质含量通常高于20%,最高可达40%,如果采用厌氧消化(沼气发酵)处理制备沼气,通常需要加水或沼液调节干物质含量低于15%,然而,由于粪便的氮含量较高,沼液的回流会加剧厌氧消化池内氨氮的积累,造成氨抑制,从而导致沼气发酵系统失败,因此,为了保证产气的顺利进行,工程上往往补充水来调节进入发酵系统的原料的干物质含量。然而大量的水添加,不仅水消耗量较大,而且增加沼液的处理量。
在沼气脱碳制备生物天然气方面,目前广泛采用的变压吸附、胺吸收、高压水洗、膜分离工艺均是将沼气中的CO2以废气的形式进行分离排放,没有得到资源化利用,而且造成大量温室气体排放。
针对畜禽干粪便生产生物天然气存在的以上问题,有必要开发一种运行稳定、节水且资源利用率高的生产方法。
发明内容
为了解决现有畜禽干粪便生产生物天然气存在的问题,本发明提供一种畜禽干粪联产生物天然气和碳酸氢铵的系统,该系统将沼液脱氨氮和沼气脱碳相结合,可实现节约用水,拓宽资源利用,提高工程经济性。
一种畜禽干粪联产生物天然气和碳酸氢铵的系统,该系统包括:通过液体循环管路依次连通的调节池1、厌氧反应器2、固液分离机3、沼液预热池4、液体泵5、氨气吹脱塔6,所述氨气吹脱塔6与调节池1连通,氨气吹脱塔6内液体下出上进;通过液体流通管路依次连通的氨气吸收塔7、二氧化碳吸收塔8、结晶器9、干燥器10,所述氨气吸收塔7和二氧化碳吸收塔8内液体下出上进;通过气体流通管路依次连通的厌氧反应器2、脱硫塔12、沼气压缩机13、二氧化碳吸收塔8、气液分离器14,通过气体流通管路依次连通的鼓风机11、氨气吹脱塔6、氨气吸收塔7,气体上出下进;气液分离器14底部与二氧化碳吸收塔8的进液口连通。
进一步地,上述系统还可以在二氧化碳吸收塔8的进液口处设置氨水贮槽15。
本发明还提供了一种采用上述系统生产生物天然气和碳酸氢铵的方法,技术方案是:
氨气吹脱塔底部的低氨氮沼液流入调节池1中,与调节池1中的畜禽干粪混合,调节干物质质量浓度为6%~15%,将混合后的物料输送到厌氧反应器2中进行厌氧消化产沼气,发酵剩余物通过固液分离机3形成沼液和沼渣,其中,沼气主要成份为甲烷、二氧化碳和微量硫化氢,沼气进入脱硫塔12经过脱硫后进行压缩;沼液经过沼液预热器预热到40~60℃后通过液体泵5输送到氨气吹脱塔6内上部,在氨气吹脱塔内,利用来自鼓风机11的空气对高氨氮沼液进行吹脱,完成氨气解吸的低氨氮沼液输送到调节池1,用于调节物料干物质浓度和增加发酵物料温度;从氨气吹脱塔顶部出来的混合气体主要为空气、氨气和水汽,将混合气体输送到氨气吸收塔7,利用水对氨气进行吸收形成浓氨水储存于氨气吸收塔底部,空气从氨气吸收塔顶部排出;将经过脱硫塔脱硫和沼气压缩机压缩后的沼气输送到二氧化碳吸收塔8内,利用来自氨气吸收塔底部的浓氨水吸收沼气中的二氧化碳,完成二氧化碳吸收后的沼气经过气液分离器14分离出微量的氨气和水汽后得到富含甲烷和少量二氧化碳的生物天然气产品;二氧化碳吸收塔底部形成的碳酸氢铵溶液经过结晶器9和干燥器10后得到碳酸氢铵产品。
为了使沼气中二氧化碳被更进一步吸收完全,可通过氨水贮槽15额外补充氨水。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果如下:
(1)本发明系统和方法中,对高氨氮沼液进行空气吹脱以去除高浓度的氨氮形成低氨氮浓度的沼液,利用低氨氮沼液与畜禽干粪混合调节发酵物料的干物质含量,不仅节约工程耗水量,而且避免厌氧反应器内高浓度的氨氮抑制沼气发酵。
(2)本发明系统和方法中,将沼液中的高浓度氨经过吹脱和吸收形成浓氨水,并利用浓氨水吸收沼气中的二氧化碳,由于浓氨水源源不断来源于沼气发酵系统,无需再生,与传统变压吸附、胺吸收、高压水洗或物理吸收相比,减少了二氧化碳吸附剂/吸收剂再生的能耗。
(3)本发明系统和方法中,将沼液中的高浓度氨经过吹脱和吸收形成浓氨水,并利用浓氨水吸收沼气中的二氧化碳,最后形成碳酸氢氨产品,与传统沼气工程相比,增加了产品供应,提高了沼气工程整体经济性。
附图说明
图1是采用本发明所述的系统进行畜禽干粪联产生物天然气和碳酸氢铵的流程示意图。
附图中的数字标记分别是:
1:调节池;2:厌氧反应器;3:固液分离机;4:沼液预热池;5:液体泵;6:氨气吹脱塔;7:氨气吸收塔;8:二氧化碳吸收塔;9:结晶器;10:干燥器;11:鼓风机;12:脱硫塔;13:沼气压缩机;14:气液分离器;15:氨水贮槽。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的技术方案做进一步的说明。
图1为采用本发明所述的一种畜禽干粪联产生物天然气和碳酸氢铵的系统生产生物天然气和碳酸氢铵的流程示意图。如图所示,该系统包括:通过液体循环管路依次连通的调节池1、厌氧反应器2、固液分离机3、沼液预热池4、液体泵5和氨气吹脱塔6,氨气吹脱塔6与调节池1连通,氨气吹脱塔6内液体下出上进;通过液体流通管路依次连通的氨气吸收塔7、二氧化碳吸收塔8、结晶器9、干燥器10,所述氨气吸收塔7和二氧化碳吸收塔8内液体下出上进;通过气体流通管路依次连通的厌氧反应器2、脱硫塔12、沼气压缩机13、二氧化碳吸收塔8、气液分离器14,以及通过气体流通管路依次连通的鼓风机11、氨气吹脱塔6、氨气吸收塔7;气液分离器14底部与二氧化碳吸收塔8的进液口连通。本发明中,气体均是上出下进。
以下结合附图1对本系统的应用方法详细说明:
在调节池1中,利用来自氨气吹脱塔6底部的低氨氮沼液与畜禽干粪混合,调节干物质质量浓度为6%~15%,将混合后的物料输送到厌氧反应器2中进行厌氧消化产沼气,发酵剩余物通过固液分离机3形成沼液和沼渣;沼气主要成份为甲烷、二氧化碳和微量硫化氢,经过脱硫后进行压缩;沼液经过预热器预热到40~60℃后通过液体泵输送到氨气吹脱塔6内上部,在氨气吹脱塔内,利用来自鼓风机11的空气对高氨氮沼液进行吹脱,以解吸出沼液中的氨气,完成氨气解吸的低氨氮沼液输送到调节池,用于调节物料干物质浓度和增加发酵物料温度;从氨气吹脱塔顶部出来的混合气体主要为空气、氨气、水汽,输送到氨气吸收塔7,利用水对氨气进行吸收形成浓氨水储存于氨气吸收塔底部,空气从氨气吸收塔顶部排出;将脱硫压缩后的沼气输送到二氧化碳吸收塔8内,利用来自氨气吸收塔底部的浓氨水吸收沼气中的二氧化碳,如果氨气吸收塔底部的浓氨水的浓度或量不足以将沼气中二氧化碳吸收完全时,可额外补充氨水贮槽中的氨水,完成二氧化碳吸收后的沼气经过气液分离器分离出微量的氨气和水汽后得到富含甲烷和少量二氧化碳的生物天然气产品;二氧化碳吸收塔底部形成的碳酸氢铵溶液经过结晶和干燥后得到碳酸氢铵产品。
Claims (4)
1.一种畜禽干粪联产生物天然气和碳酸氢铵的系统,其特征在于,该系统包括:通过液体循环管路依次连通的调节池(1)、厌氧反应器(2)、固液分离机(3)、沼液预热池(4)、液体泵(5)、氨气吹脱塔(6),所述氨气吹脱塔与调节池连通,氨气吹脱塔(6)内液体下出上进;通过液体流通管路依次连通的氨气吸收塔(7)、二氧化碳吸收塔(8)、结晶器(9)、干燥器(10),所述氨气吸收塔(7)和二氧化碳吸收塔(8)内液体下出上进;通过气体流通管路依次连通的厌氧反应器(2)、脱硫塔(12)、沼气压缩机(13)、二氧化碳吸收塔(8)、气液分离器(14),通过气体流通管路依次连通的鼓风机(11)、氨气吹脱塔(6)、氨气吸收塔(7),气体上出下进;气液分离器(14)底部与二氧化碳吸收塔(8)的进液口连通。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种畜禽干粪联产生物天然气和碳酸氢铵的系统,其特征在于:在二氧化碳吸收塔(8)的进液口处设置氨水贮槽(15)。
3.采用如权利要求1所述的一种畜禽干粪联产生物天然气和碳酸氢铵的系统生产生物天然气和碳酸氢铵的方法,其特征在于:氨气吹脱塔底部的低氨氮沼液流入调节池(1)中,与调节池(1)中的畜禽干粪混合,调节干物质质量浓度为6%~15%,将混合后的物料输送到厌氧反应器(2)中进行厌氧消化产沼气,发酵剩余物通过固液分离机(3)形成沼液和沼渣,沼气进入脱硫塔(12)经过脱硫后进行压缩,沼液经过沼液预热器预热到40~60℃后通过液体泵(5)输送到氨气吹脱塔(6)内上部,在氨气吹脱塔内,利用来自鼓风机(11)的空气对高氨氮沼液进行吹脱,完成氨气解吸的低氨氮沼液输送到调节池(1);从氨气吹脱塔顶部出来的混合气体输送到氨气吸收塔(7),利用水对氨气进行吸收形成浓氨水储存于氨气吸收塔底部,空气从氨气吸收塔顶部排出;将经过脱硫塔脱硫和沼气压缩机压缩后的沼气输送到二氧化碳吸收塔(8)内,利用来自氨气吸收塔底部的浓氨水吸收沼气中的二氧化碳,完成二氧化碳吸收后的沼气经过气液分离器(14)分离出微量的氨气和水汽后得到富含甲烷和少量二氧化碳的生物天然气产品;二氧化碳吸收塔底部形成的碳酸氢铵溶液经过结晶器和干燥器后得到碳酸氢铵产品。
4.如权利要求3所述的一种畜禽干粪联产生物天然气和碳酸氢铵的方法,其特征在于:通过氨水贮槽(15)补充氨水。
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