CN105722007A - 用于近场通信的卡检测架构 - Google Patents

用于近场通信的卡检测架构 Download PDF

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CN105722007A
CN105722007A CN201510784715.5A CN201510784715A CN105722007A CN 105722007 A CN105722007 A CN 105722007A CN 201510784715 A CN201510784715 A CN 201510784715A CN 105722007 A CN105722007 A CN 105722007A
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nfc
impedance
antenna
energy source
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尼兰詹·卡兰笛卡尔
蒂莫西·考克斯
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Intel Corp
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Intel Corp
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    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
    • G06K7/10118—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves the sensing being preceded by at least one preliminary step
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    • H04B5/77—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes for interrogation
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/2208—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems
    • H01Q1/2216—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems used in interrogator/reader equipment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
    • H01Q7/005—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop with variable reactance for tuning the antenna
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    • H04B1/0458—Arrangements for matching and coupling between power amplifier and antenna or between amplifying stages
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Abstract

本申请涉及用于近场通信的卡检测架构。本文描述了用于由NFC使能的设备使用对于NFC卡/标签和NFC使能的设备唯一的耦合的阻抗特征来检测近场通信(NFC)卡/标签的架构、平台和方法。

Description

用于近场通信的卡检测架构
技术领域
本申请一般涉及用于近场通信的卡检测架构。
背景技术
在实现近场通信(NFC)的系统和设备中，NFC读取器/写入器设备可以与若干NFC使能的卡/标签进行通信。这样的NFC卡/标签可能是无源的，意味着它们不具有电源。在典型的实现方式中，NFC读取器/写入器设备试图调查或确定哪些NFC卡/标签位于它的环境中。
NFC读取器/写入器设备的天线可以发射射频(RF)场。当无源NFC卡/标签被带进NFC读取器/写入器设备的RF场时，无源NFC卡/标签接收能量并且开始与NFC读取器/写入器设备进行通信。
在这样的通信在NFC读取器/写入器设备与被动NFC卡/标签之间被建立之前，NFC读取器/写入器设备检测被动NFC卡/标签的存在。通常，检测被动NFC卡/标签的存在可以通过NFC读取器/写入器设备连续不断地发射RF场(或为了节省能量，短时间内发射RF场)来执行。电压水平的改变可以在NFC读取器/写入器设备的天线和/或发送器引脚处被查看。该电压水平的改变可以是存在被动NFC卡/标签的指示。
典型的NFC卡/标签的检测存在若干问题。虽然RF场可以在短时间内被发射，但是提供必要能量的功率放大器不得不在传输RF场的过程中发射最大功率。最大功率被用来为被动NFC卡/标签提供电量。这可能导致NFC读取器/写入器设备的更高的功率消耗。
另一个问题可能是错误指示。当电压水平在NFC读取器/写入器设备的发送器引脚或天线处改变时，可能指示NFC卡/标签的存在。当非NFC卡/标签的金属或磁性物体进入NFC读取器/写入器设备的发射的RF场时，在NFC读取器/写入器设备的发送器引脚或天线处的电压水平改变，并且NFC读取器/写入器设备可能错误地将该物体认为是有效的NFC卡/标签。
发明内容
依据一个方面，提供了一种近场通信(NFC)设备，包括：天线；NFC控制器，该NFC控制器包括：阻抗检测器，该阻抗检测器被配置为在物体被放置在所述天线附近时检测在所述天线处的上升阻抗；以及能量源，该能量源被配置为在阻抗检测器检测到所述上升阻抗时由所述阻抗检测器来打开所述能量源。
依据第二方面，提供了一种检测近场通信(NFC)卡的方法，包括：测量物体与NFC使能的设备之间的阻抗；确述阻抗是否是上升的；如果阻抗被确定为是上升的，则为能量源提供电量，以将电量发送至所述物体；以及与物体进行通信。
附图说明
下面参考附图描述具体实施例。在附图中，(一个或多个)参考编号的最左边的数字标识在其中该参考编号第一次出现的附图。相同的编号贯穿附图被用来引用相似的特征和组件。
图1是如本文的实现方式中所描述的说明近场通信(NFC)卡/标签检测的示例情景。
图2是如本文的实现方式中所描述的使用耦合的阻抗特征来检测NFC卡/标签的近场通信(NFC)读取器/写入器设备的示例框图。
图3是如本文的实现方式中所描述的近场通信(NFC)读取器/写入器设备与NFC卡/标签之间的示例耦合的线圈系统。
图4是如本文的实现方式中所描述的NFC读取器/写入器设备与NFC卡/标签的示例近场通信(NFC)卡检测架构。
图5是示出用于由NFC读取器/写入器设备检测近场通信(NFC)卡/标签的示例方法的示例流程图。
具体实施方式
本文描述了用于由NFC读取器/写入器设备使用唯一耦合的阻抗特征来识别近场通信(NFC)卡/标签的存在的架构、平台和方法。所描述的技术检测当NFC卡/标签被带进NFC读取器/写入器天线附近时阻抗中的改变，并且不需要对NFC卡/标签提供电量。错误指示可以被避免，因为其他金属或磁性物体不产生唯一的耦合的阻抗特征。
图1是示出近场通信(NFC)读取器/写入器设备102与一个或多个NFC卡/标签104进行通信的示例情景100。NFC卡/标签104可以是被动的或主动的(即，无电源或有电源)。NFC读取器/写入器设备102包括天线106，该天线106可以是NFC模块(未显示)的一部分，或被连接至NFC模块(未显示)。
NFC卡/标签104包括各自的天线108。NFC读取器/写入器设备102的天线106发射RF场110。当NFC卡/标签104进入RF场110时，由NFC读取器/写入器设备102的天线106和NFC卡/标签104的天线108创建耦合的阻抗特征。耦合的阻抗特征明确地标识NFC卡/标签104位于NFC读取器/写入器设备102附近。
虽然其他金属或磁性物体可以进入RF场110并且创建耦合的阻抗，但是这样的物体和NFC读取器/写入器设备102之间的耦合的阻抗与NFC卡/标签104和NFC读取器/写入器设备102的耦合的阻抗不相同。因此，基于耦合的阻抗特征，NFC卡/标签的错误指示可以被避免。此外，由于天线106与天线108之间耦合的阻抗是被动的，确定耦合的阻抗特征只需要最小的功率。NFC卡/标签104不需要被打开来由NFC读取器/写入器设备102进行识别。
图2示出了使用耦合的阻抗特征来检测NFC卡/标签104的示例NFC读取器/写入器设备102。NFC读取器/写入器设备102可以包括但不限于平板电脑、上网本、笔记本电脑、膝上型电脑、移动电话、蜂窝电话、智能手机、个人数字助理、多媒体播放设备、数字音乐播放器、视频播放器、导航设备、数码相机等等。此外，NFC读取器/写入器设备102可以包括但不限于诸如个人计算机之类的非便携式设备，也不限于诸如通过电缆连接的无线设备。
NFC读取器/写入器设备102包括一个或多个处理器200和耦合至一个或多个处理器的存储器202。存储器202可以是包括各种类型的存储装置的非暂态存储器/介质，该各种类型的存储装置包括只读、随机存取等等。存储器202还可以包括编程/非可编程固件。本文中被描述为硬件的具体元件可以被植入为固件，作为存储器202的一部分。存储器202可以具体包括应用204，该应用204可以是NFC使能的软件/固件应用。
NFC读取器/写入器设备102可以包括电源组件206。电源组件206可以包括诸如电池之类的各种AC和/或DC元件。电源组件206为包括功率放大器的NFC读取器/写入器设备102的各种其他组件驱动并提供电量。
NFC读取器/写入器设备102可以包括NFC控制器或模块208。NFC模块208被用来与包括NFC卡/标签104的其他NFC使能的设备进行通信。NFC模块被连接至天线106。在这个实现方式中，NFC模块包括被用来检测耦合的阻抗特征的阻抗检测器210。
图3示出了NFC读取器/写入器设备102与NFC卡/标签104之间的示例耦合的线圈系统300。对于谐振线圈是唯一的耦合的阻抗特征被用来避免错误检测。阻抗中的改变通过阻抗桥来测量，该阻抗桥相比于功率放大器的使用消耗非常低的能量。被用于传输的功率放大器(未显示)可以仅需要在NFC读取器/写入器设备102与NFC卡/标签104之间的实际传输发生时被打开。
在这个示例中，电感器L1302表示NFC读取器/写入器设备102的天线106。NFC卡/标签104的等效电路由电感器L2304、电容器C2306和电阻器RL308表示。电感器L2304可以被认为是NFC卡/标签104的天线108。电容器C2306可以被用来将天线108(即，电感器L2304)调谐至大约13.56MHz的频率(NFC通信的操作频率)。RL308表示NFC卡/标签104的天线108(即，电感器L2304)上的负载。
两个天线106和108(即，电感器302和304)之间的耦合通过耦合系数K310来表示。Zin312是输入阻抗，并且由下面的公式1导出。
Z i n = Z 1 + ω 2 K 2 L 1 L 2 R L
公式1
针对实现并联调谐配置的NFC卡/标签104，Zin312可以由下面的公式2导出。
Z i n = K 2 L 1 · R L L 2 + ( 1 - K 2 ) Z 1
公式2
Z1是天线106(即，电感器L1300)的阻抗。公式1和2示出了输入阻抗Zin312随着两个天线106和108(即，电感器302和304)之间的耦合系数K310的增加而增加，其转化为两个天线106和108(即，电感器302和304)之间距离上的减少。因此，对于NFC读取器/写入器设备102和NFC卡/标签104是唯一的具体的耦合的阻抗特征可以被确定。
图4示出了示例NFC卡/标签检测架构400。NFC控制器/模块208可以包括功率放大器402。NFC控制器/模块208可以被集成为片上系统(SOC)的一部分。功率放大器402为天线106(即，电感器L1300)提供电量。在某些实现方式中，其他能量源可以被用来替代功率放大器402。RF匹配网络404将天线106(即，电感器L1300)的阻抗匹配至功率放大器402的输出阻抗。RF匹配网络404通过连接TxP406和TxN408被连接至功率放大器。
当卡或标签(即，NFC卡/标签104)不在NFC读取器/写入器设备102天线106(即，电感器L1300)的附近时，功率放大器402被关闭。当卡或标签(即，NFC卡/标签104)接近NFC读取器/写入器设备102的天线106(即，电感器L1300)时，输入阻抗Zin310上升。随后阻抗中的这种改变由阻抗检测器210检测到。当阻抗接近预定的阈值或耦合的阻抗特征时，功率放大器402被打开。阻抗检测器210通过使能连接410来打开功率放大器402，并且在NFC读取器/写入器设备102与NFC卡/标签104之间建立通信。轮询序列可以由NFC读取器/写入器设备102和NFC卡/标签104来发起。
图5示出了示例过程图500，该示例过程图500示出了由NFC读取器/写入器检测近场通信(NFC)卡/标签的示例方法。其中该方法被描述的顺序不旨在被解释为限定性的，并且任意数量的描述的方法框可以以任意顺序被组合来实现该方法或替代的方法。此外，在不超出本文所描述的主题的精神和范围的情况下，个别的框可以从该方法中被删除。此外，该方法可以在任意合适的硬件、软件、固件、或它们的组合中实现，而不超出本发明的范围。
在框502处，在NFC读取器/写入器附近放置物体的操作被执行。在该点，不确定该物体是否是NFC卡/标签。
在框504处，测量该物体与NFC读取器/写入器设备之间的阻抗的操作被执行。最小的能量从NFC读取器/写入器设备被发射。
如果检测到的阻抗值被确定为不是上升的或不接近阈值或耦合的阻抗特征，则跟随框506的NO分支，在框508处，该物体被忽视为非NFC卡/标签。
如果检测到的阻抗值被确定为是上升的或接近阈值或耦合的阻抗特征，跟随框506的YES分支，在框510处，该物体被识别为NFC卡/标签。
在框512处，打开功率放大器或相似的组件(能量源)的操作被执行。
在框514处，电量被提供给NFC卡/标签。具体地，能量被提供给被动的或无电源NFC卡/标签。
在框516处，在NFC读取器/写入器和NFC卡/标签之间进行通信和轮询的操作被执行。
下面的示例涉及进一步的实施例：
在示例1中，近场通信(NFC)设备包括：天线；NFC控制器，该NFC控制器包括：阻抗检测器，该阻抗检测器被配置为在物体被放置在天线附近时检测在天线处的上升阻抗；以及能量源，该能量源被配置为在阻抗检测器检测到上升阻抗时由阻抗检测器来打开该能量源。
示例2是示例1的NFC设备，其中，天线被配置为在能量源被打开时对物体进行通信和轮询。
示例3是示例1的NFC设备，其中，天线由电感器形成。
示例4是示例1的NFC设备，其中，物体包括电感器，该电感器创建与NFC设备的天线的耦合。
示例5是示例1的NFC设备，其中，能量源是功率放大器。
示例6是示例1到5中的任一个的NFC设备，其中，NFC控制器是片上系统的一部分。
示例7是示例1到5中的任一个的NFC设备，其中，上升阻抗接近阈值耦合的阻抗特征值。
示例8是示例1到5中的任一个的NFC设备，其中，阻抗检测器测量在天线处的输入阻抗Zin来检测上升阻抗。
示例9是示例1到5中的任一个的NFC设备，还包括RF匹配网络，该RF匹配网络将天线的阻抗匹配至能量源的输出阻抗。
在示例10中，近场通信(NFC)模块包括：阻抗检测器，该阻抗检测器被配置为检测在NFC设备的天线处的阻抗；以及功率放大器，如果NFC卡被放置在天线的附近并且阻抗检测器检测到天线与NFC卡之间的上升耦合阻抗，则该功率放大器被配置为打开并且向NFC卡提供电量。
示例11是示例10的NFC模块，其中，阻抗检测器被配置为检测在天线处的上升阻抗，并且将测量到的阻抗与阈值进行比较。
示例12是示例10的NFC模块，其中，上升耦合阻抗接近阈值耦合阻抗特征值。
示例13是示例10的NFC模块，其中，天线由电感器形成，并且阻抗由在NFC卡处的第二电感器的耦合来确定。
示例14是示例10的NFC模块，其中，功率放大器被配置为通过天线来提供轮询和通信。
示例15是示例10的NFC模块，其中，NFC模块被配置为RF匹配网络，该RF匹配网络将天线的阻抗匹配至功率放大器的输出阻抗。
示例16是示例10的NFC模块，其中，NFC模块是片上系统(SOC)的一部分。
在示例17中，检测近场通信(NFC)卡的方法包括：测量物体与NFC使能的设备之间的阻抗；确定阻抗是否是上升的；如果阻抗被确定为上升的，则为能量源提供电量，以将电量发送至物体；以及与物体进行通信。
示例18是示例17的方法，其中，测量在物体的天线与NFC使能的设备的天线之间进行。
示例19是示例17的方法，其中，确定包括确定阈值耦合阻抗。
示例20是示例17到19中的任一个的方法，其中，通信包括对物体进行轮询。

Claims (13)

1.一种近场通信(NFC)设备，包括：
天线；
NFC控制器，所述NFC控制器包括：
阻抗检测器，所述阻抗检测器被配置为在物体被放置在所述天线附近时检测在所述天线处的上升阻抗；以及
能量源，所述能量源被配置为在阻抗检测器检测到所述上升阻抗时由所述阻抗检测器来打开所述能量源。
2.如权利要求1所述的NFC设备，其中，所述天线被配置为在所述能量源被打开时对所述物体进行通信和轮询。
3.如权利要求1所述的NFC设备，其中，所述天线由电感器形成。
4.如权利要求1所述的NFC设备，其中，所述物体包括电感器，所述电感器创建与所述NFC设备的天线的耦合。
5.如权利要求1所述的NFC设备，其中，所述上升阻抗接近阈值耦合的阻抗特征值。
6.如权利要求1所述的NFC设备，其中，所述阻抗检测器测量在所述天线处的输入阻抗Zin，以检测上升阻抗。
7.如权利要求1所述的NFC设备，其中，所述能量源是功率放大器。
8.如权利要求1所述的NFC设备，其中，所述NFC控制器是片上系统中的一部分。
9.如权利要求1所述的NFC设备，还包括RF匹配网络，所述RF匹配网络将所述天线的阻抗匹配至所述能量源的输出阻抗。
10.一种检测近场通信(NFC)卡的方法，包括：
测量物体与NFC使能的设备之间的阻抗；
确定所述阻抗是否是上升的；
如果所述阻抗被确定为是上升的，则为能量源提供电量，以将电量发送至所述物体；以及
与所述物体进行通信。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法，其中，所述测量在所述物体的天线与所述NFC使能的设备的天线之间进行。
12.如权利要求10所述的方法，其中，所述确定包括确定阈值耦合阻抗。
13.如权利要求10所述的方法，其中，所述通信包括对所述物体进行轮询。
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CN107808685A (zh) * 2017-11-28 2018-03-16 聚辰半导体(上海)有限公司 用于非接触卡类芯片的编程失败自检测电路及自检测方法
CN113508537A (zh) * 2019-02-27 2021-10-15 第一资本服务有限责任公司 降低近场通信系统中功耗的技术
CN113508537B (zh) * 2019-02-27 2023-11-14 第一资本服务有限责任公司 降低近场通信系统中的功耗的装置和计算机实现的方法
CN112993554A (zh) * 2021-02-19 2021-06-18 维沃移动通信有限公司 电子设备

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