CN105720317B - The recovery method and its device of a kind of waste and old lithium ion battery - Google Patents
The recovery method and its device of a kind of waste and old lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN105720317B CN105720317B CN201610277873.6A CN201610277873A CN105720317B CN 105720317 B CN105720317 B CN 105720317B CN 201610277873 A CN201610277873 A CN 201610277873A CN 105720317 B CN105720317 B CN 105720317B
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- recycling
- waste
- battery core
- kettle
- solvent
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
Abstract
The present invention discloses the recovery method and its device of a kind of waste and old lithium ion battery, the present invention is by will be after waste and old lithium ion battery discharge treatment, disassemble into single battery core, kettle is recycled by being transferred to glove box type after the dry single battery core of washing, further disassemble battery core packaging material, the battery core for exposing internal structure is placed in the babinet in recycling kettle, then the solvent sprinkling mouth above recycling kettle is opened, spray impregnates 34 times, waste and old lithium ionic cell electrolyte is recycled, and battery core solid waste is classified recycle simultaneously.The present invention recycles waste and old lithium ionic cell electrolyte using solvent extraction method, not only realizes classification recycling, improves material recovery rate, and realize the recycling of waste and old lithium ionic cell electrolyte.Old and useless battery is efficiently solved by the above method of the present invention and recycles the electrolyte problem of environmental pollution brought, the electrolyte of recycling is re-used for battery production after treatment, reduces battery production cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to waste and old lithium ion battery recycling field more particularly to a kind of recovery methods of waste and old lithium ion battery
And its device.
Background technology
With the extensive propulsion that lithium ion battery is applied in power car field, the recycling of waste and old power lithium-ion battery is asked
Topic, increasingly significantly.
With the prosperity of new-energy automobile market, power lithium-ion battery market also keeps strong growth situation, following 3-5
The problem of large quantities of power batteries scrap processing will be faced in year.Although with the electronic equipment expansion in lithium ion battery market,
So that the returned enterprise of scale has occurred, but focuses primarily upon the recycling of electrode material cobalt acid lithium etc. in these enterprises, and
Recycling for electrolyte in lithium ion battery involves in less, therefore a kind of recovery method of electrolyte is developed, for waste and old lithium
Ion battery recycling is significant.
At this stage, most returned enterprises are using pyrogenic process, wet-treating waste and old lithium ion battery, and electrolyte has during pyrogenic attack
Solvent is volatilized or combustion decomposition is water and CO2 emission, and LiPF6Sudden and violent leakage is heated in air, can decomposite PF rapidly5
Gas forms smoking gas containing fluorine discharge, causes serious pollution.Waste gas containing fluoride is by the conversion and migration in environment, directly or indirectly
Harmful to human.There are strong corrosives for electrolyte, generate HF with water decomposition, generation P is reacted with strong oxidizer2O5Noxious materials are waited, are drawn
Play environmental pollution.
By adding lye on wet processing technique, the lithium salts in electrolyte is made to generate stable lithium salt solution, into one
Step concentration and purification obtain commercialization lithium salts, but the technique can not still solve the pollution problem of fluoride.
Therefore, the prior art has yet to be improved and developed.
Invention content
In view of above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of recycling sides of waste and old lithium ion battery
Method and its device, it is intended to solve the problems, such as that there are fluoride pollutions for existing recovery method.
Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of retracting device of waste and old lithium ion battery, wherein, including the vacuum mistake for recycling kettle, being set to recycling kettle both sides
Cross cabin, be set in recycling kettle for place the babinet of battery core, be set to recycling kettle upper end be used for battery core in babinet into
The solvent sprinkling mouth of row elution, the babinet liquid outflow switch for being set to the babinet lower right corner and recycling kettle lower end from top to bottom according to
Stainless steel mesh, filter core, recycling kettle liquid body outflow switch, intermediate porose rubber stopper and the vacuum filtration bottle of secondary setting.
The retracting device of the waste and old lithium ion battery, wherein, the mesh of the stainless steel mesh is 25-40 μm.
The retracting device of the waste and old lithium ion battery, wherein, the aperture of the high-precision filter element is 8-12 μm.
The retracting device of the waste and old lithium ion battery, wherein, the recycling kettle recycles kettle for glove box type.
A kind of recovery method using the as above retracting device of any waste and old lithium ion battery, wherein, including step
Suddenly:
(1), by waste and old lithium ion battery discharge treatment, disassemble into single battery core;
(2), by the single battery core appearance disassembled carry out hydro-peening, drying;
(3), by vacuum transition cabin, step will be passed through(2)The single battery core of processing is put in closed, anhydrous, inert atmosphere
In babinet in the recycling kettle of protection, single battery core outer packing is disassembled in cutting, and single battery core internal structure is made to be exposed to recycling
In babinet in kettle, while recycle single battery core packaging material;
(4), open the solvent sprinkling mouth of recycling kettle upper end, the single battery core in babinet is carried out with solvent elute for 3-4 times,
It impregnates, vacuum filtration, filtrate is the lithium-ion battery electrolytes of recycling.
The recovery method, which is characterized in that step(4)After further include:
(5), the purification of the electrolyte of recycling, concentration realized recycle, concentration can be passed through by recycling the solvent used in electrolyte
Recycling is re-used in recovery process.
The recovery method, wherein, step(4)After further include:
(6), waste and old battery core solid waste in extruding stem elution solvent, separation classification recycled in waste and old battery core solid waste
Lug, diaphragm, positive plate, negative plate, recycling kettle is transferred out of by vacuum transition cabin.
The recovery method, wherein, step(6)After further include:
(7), positive plate, negative plate are further recycled using solvent, take off positive plate, the powder on negative plate and collector
From recycling powder and collector.
The recovery method, wherein, step(7)In, the solvent used in recycling positive plate, negative plate is N- methylpyrroles
One kind in alkanone, deionized water.
The recovery method, wherein, step(4)In, it is carbonic acid second to recycle the solvent used in lithium-ion battery electrolytes
One kind in enester, propene carbonate.
Advantageous effect:By the retracting device of the above-mentioned waste and old lithium ion battery of the present invention, can make in waste and old lithium ion battery
Electrolyte be recycled utilization, and can effectively solve the problems, such as the removal process fluoride pollution of waste and old lithium ion battery.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of structure diagram of the retracting device preferred embodiment of waste and old lithium ion battery of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a kind of flow diagram of the recovery method preferred embodiment of waste and old lithium ion battery of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of recovery method and its device of waste and old lithium ion battery, to make the purpose of the present invention, technology
Scheme and effect are clearer, clear and definite, and the present invention is described in more detail below.It is it should be appreciated that described herein specific
Embodiment is only used to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of the retracting device preferred embodiment of waste and old lithium ion battery of the present invention
Figure, as shown in Figure 1, being used for including recycling kettle 1, the vacuum transition cabin 2 for being set to 1 both sides of recycling kettle, being set in recycling kettle 1
Place the babinet 3 of battery core, the solvent sprinkling mouth 4 for being used to elute battery core in babinet for being set to recycling kettle 1 upper end, setting
The stainless steel mesh 6 that is set gradually from top to bottom in the babinet liquid outflow switch 5 in 3 lower right corner of babinet and recycling kettle 1 lower end,
High-precision filter element 7, recycling kettle liquid body outflow switch 8, intermediate porose rubber stopper 9 and vacuum filtration bottle 10.
Preferably, the mesh of the stainless steel mesh is 25-40 μm.
Preferably, the aperture of the high-precision filter element is 8-12 μm.
Preferably, the recycling kettle recycles kettle for glove box type.
Preferably, the babinet is provided with multiple, for example, the babinet can be provided with 2 or 3, to improve monomer
The treatment effeciency of battery core.Solvent of the present invention sprinkling mouth is set to recycling kettle upper end, and right over babinet, solvent sprinkling mouth with
Babinet corresponds, and when babinet is provided with multiple, correspondingly solvent sprinkling mouth is set as multiple, for example, babinet is set as 2
A, correspondingly solvent sprinkling mouth is set as 2;Babinet is set as 3, and correspondingly solvent sprinkling mouth is set as 3.
Based on above-mentioned retracting device, the present invention also provides a kind of returning using as above any waste and old lithium ion battery
The recovery method of receiving apparatus, as shown in Fig. 2, it includes step:
S100, by waste and old lithium ion battery discharge treatment, disassemble into single battery core;In the step, while recycling of classifying
Battery-pack exterior casing, BMS.
S200, the single battery core appearance disassembled is subjected to hydro-peening, drying;
S300, by vacuum transition cabin, closed, anhydrous, indifferent gas will be put in by the single battery core of step S200 processing
In babinet in the recycling kettle of atmosphere protection, single battery core outer packing is disassembled in cutting, is exposed to back single battery core internal structure
It receives in the babinet in kettle, while recycles single battery core packaging material;Wherein, the water content in kettle is recycled<1ppm, oxygen content<
1ppm, it is to instigate single battery core shell breakage that single battery core outer packing is disassembled in cutting, so as to make single battery core internal structure sudden and violent
It is exposed in the babinet in recycling kettle.
S400, the solvent sprinkling mouth for opening recycling kettle upper end, carry out the single battery core in babinet with solvent 3-4 leaching
It washes, impregnate, be filtered by vacuum, filtrate is the lithium-ion battery electrolytes of recycling.Preferably, it recycles used in lithium-ion battery electrolytes
One kind for ethylene carbonate (EC), in propene carbonate (PC) of solvent.In the step, with solvent to the monomer in babinet
Battery core carries out 3-4 elution, impregnates battery core, filtrate is filtered by vacuum out, and filtrate is the lithium-ion battery electrolytes of recycling.
The present invention recycles waste and old lithium ionic cell electrolyte using solvent extraction method, not only realizes classification recycling, improves object
Expect the rate of recovery, and realize the recycling of waste and old lithium ionic cell electrolyte.It is effectively solved by the above method of the present invention
The electrolyte problem of environmental pollution that old and useless battery of having determined recycling is brought, battery is re-used for by the electrolyte of recycling after treatment
Production reduces battery production cost.
Further, it is further included after step S400 of the present invention:
S500, recycling is realized into electrolyte purification, the concentration of recycling, concentration can be passed through by recycling the solvent used in electrolyte
Recycling is re-used in recovery process.
Further, it is further included after step S400 of the present invention:
Waste and old battery core solid waste is recycled in waste and old battery core solid waste in S600, extruding stem elution solvent, separation classification
In lug, diaphragm, positive plate, negative plate, recycling kettle is transferred out of by vacuum transition cabin.
Further, it is further included after step S600 of the present invention:
S700, positive plate, negative plate are further recycled using solvent, makes positive plate, powder and afflux on negative plate
Body is detached from, and recycles powder and collector.Preferably, positive plate is recycled, the solvent used in negative plate is N-Methyl pyrrolidone
(NMP), one kind in deionized water.For example, impregnate positive plate, isolated positive electrode and aluminium foil with NMP or deionized water.
Negative plate, isolated negative material and copper foil are impregnated with NMP or deionized water.
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment
It is 7836g waste and old lithium ion battery group discharge treatment by quality with reference to Fig. 1, disassembles into 4 single battery cores, and divide
The devices such as class recycling battery-pack exterior casing, BMS;The single battery core appearance disassembled is subjected to hydro-peening, drying, then passes through retracting device
In vacuum transition cabin 2, by single battery core be put in it is closed, anhydrous, inert atmosphere protection recycling kettle in babinet 3 in, recycling
Water content in kettle 1<1ppm, oxygen content<1ppm;Battery core outer packing is disassembled in cutting, and battery core internal structure is made to be exposed to recycling kettle 1
In babinet 3 in, battery core packaging material 206g is directly recycled;The solvent sprinkling mouth 4 of 1 upper end of recycling kettle is opened, with EC to babinet 3
In battery core eluted, until EC solvents did not had a battery core, impregnate 30min, the babinet liquid outflow switch 5 for opening babinet 4 is released
Vacuum filtration bottle 10 is connected vacuum filtration machine by the liquid after immersion, and filtrate is filtered by vacuum out, and filtrate is the lithium-ion electric of recycling
Pond electrolyte repeats elution, impregnates, is filtered by vacuum 3 times, and the common 23L of electrolyte being recycled further is purified, is concentrated to give
The electrolyte that can be reused, the EC solvents of reflux are re-used in the technological process of waste and old electrolyte recycling.
Waste and old battery core solid waste in extruding stem elution solvent, separation classification recycling lug 103g, diaphragm 8g, anode
Piece, negative plate are transferred out of recycling kettle 1 by the vacuum transition cabin 2 of retracting device;NMP, water are selected respectively using solvent method into one
Step processing positive and negative plate, the powder and collector for making positive and negative electrode on piece are detached from, recycling positive mix 2785g, cathode powder
1198 g, aluminium foil 352g and copper foil 796g.
Recycling electrolyte is further purified, is concentrated, allocates a concentration of 1mol/L, for assembling ferric phosphate lithium cell, is surveyed
Test result is as follows:Capacity plays 153mAh/g, recycles 500 times, and capacity keeps 89.6%.
In conclusion the recovery method and its device of a kind of waste and old lithium ion battery provided by the invention, the present invention uses
Solvent extraction method recycles waste and old lithium ionic cell electrolyte, not only realizes classification recycling, improves material recovery rate, and realize
The recycling of waste and old lithium ionic cell electrolyte.Old and useless battery recycling is efficiently solved by the above method of the present invention to bring
Electrolyte problem of environmental pollution, the electrolyte of recycling is re-used for battery production after treatment, reduce battery production into
This.
It should be understood that the application of the present invention is not limited to the above, it for those of ordinary skills, can
To be improved or converted according to the above description, all these modifications and variations should all belong to the guarantor of appended claims of the present invention
Protect range.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of retracting device of waste and old lithium ion battery, which is characterized in that including recycling kettle, be set to the true of recycling kettle both sides
Empty transfer chamber, be set in recycling kettle for placing the babinet of battery core, be set to being used for electric in babinet of recycling kettle upper end
Solvent that core is eluted sprinkling mouth, the babinet liquid outflow switch for being set to the babinet lower right corner and recycling kettle lower end from up to
Under the stainless steel mesh, filter core, recycling kettle liquid body outflow switch, intermediate porose rubber stopper and the vacuum filtration bottle that set gradually;
The mesh of the stainless steel mesh is 25-40 μm;
The aperture of the filter core is 8-12 μm.
2. the retracting device of waste and old lithium ion battery according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the recycling kettle is gloves
Box recycling kettle.
3. a kind of recovery method of the retracting device of waste and old lithium ion battery using as described in claim 1-2 is any, special
Sign is, including step:
(1), by waste and old lithium ion battery discharge treatment, disassemble into single battery core;
(2), by the single battery core appearance disassembled carry out hydro-peening, drying;
(3), by vacuum transition cabin, step will be passed through(2)The single battery core of processing is put in closed, anhydrous, inert atmosphere protection
Recycling kettle in babinet in, cutting disassemble single battery core outer packing, make single battery core internal structure be exposed to recycling kettle in
Babinet in, while recycle single battery core packaging material;
(4), open the solvent sprinkling mouth of recycling kettle upper end, carries out 3-4 time to the single battery core in babinet with solvent and elutes, soaks
Bubble, vacuum filtration, filtrate are the lithium-ion battery electrolytes of recycling.
4. recovery method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that step(4)After further include:
(5), the purification of the electrolyte of recycling, concentration realized recycle, concentration and recovery can be passed through by recycling the solvent used in electrolyte
It is re-used in recovery process.
5. recovery method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that step(4)After further include:
(6), waste and old battery core solid waste in extruding stem elution solvent, separation classification recycles the pole in waste and old battery core solid waste
Ear, diaphragm, positive plate, negative plate are transferred out of recycling kettle by vacuum transition cabin.
6. recovery method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that step(6)After further include:
(7), positive plate, negative plate are further recycled using solvent, be detached from positive plate, the powder on negative plate and collector,
Recycle powder and collector.
7. recovery method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that step(7)In, used in recycling positive plate, negative plate
One kind for N-Methyl pyrrolidone, in deionized water of solvent.
8. recovery method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that step(4)In, recycle lithium-ion battery electrolytes institute
Solvent is one kind in ethylene carbonate, propene carbonate.
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CN106410310A (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2017-02-15 | 王坚 | Power battery disassembling device |
CN106532170A (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-03-22 | 重庆汉岳科技发展有限公司 | Resource recycling process for waste lithium batteries |
CN107069078B (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2019-12-27 | 中航锂电(洛阳)有限公司 | Method for recovering lithium ion battery electrode plate material |
CN108281729B (en) * | 2018-01-05 | 2019-12-17 | 深圳市比克电池有限公司 | Waste lithium ion battery electrolyte recovery process |
CN110534832A (en) * | 2019-08-14 | 2019-12-03 | 武汉瑞杰特材料有限责任公司 | A method of removal dismantling lithium battery electrolytes |
CN111180820B (en) * | 2020-01-04 | 2021-10-12 | 浙江大学 | Method for recovering lithium ion battery original material and regenerating battery |
CN112763291A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-05-07 | 江苏中兴派能电池有限公司 | Method for rapidly obtaining free electrolyte of battery |
CN112936392A (en) * | 2021-02-18 | 2021-06-11 | 李志文 | Portable new energy automobile cutting device of many adaptability |
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