CN105706398B - 重叠网络中的虚拟端口信道弹回的方法和系统 - Google Patents

重叠网络中的虚拟端口信道弹回的方法和系统 Download PDF

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CN105706398B
CN105706398B CN201480060527.1A CN201480060527A CN105706398B CN 105706398 B CN105706398 B CN 105706398B CN 201480060527 A CN201480060527 A CN 201480060527A CN 105706398 B CN105706398 B CN 105706398B
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network equipment
network
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朱朝杰
托马斯·J·埃兹尔
纳温德拉·亚达夫
弗朗西斯科·M·玛簇兹
克里希纳·多达潘尼
萨蒂扬·辛哈
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Cisco Technology Inc
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Abstract

本公开的方面涉及以下方法：检测第一网络设备和目的地节点之间的链路故障，接收寻址到目的地节点的第一数据分组，以及重写第一数据分组的封装信息。在重写第一数据分组的封装信息之后，第一数据分组被转发至第二网络设备(例如，使用分组头部中更新的地址信息)，其中第二网络设备与虚拟端口信道中第一网络设备配对。在某些方面，还提供了系统和计算机可读介质。

Description

重叠网络中的虚拟端口信道弹回的方法和系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2013年11月5日提交的、题目为“EXPLICIT CONGESTIONNOTIFICATION IN AN OVERLAY NETWORK”、序列号为No.61/900,333的美国临时申请的权益，该申请通过引用以其整体被合并于此。
背景
1.技术领域
本主题技术涉及用于防止分组丢失的方法和系统，并具体地涉及用于通过响应于在虚拟端口信道中检测到的链路故障事件而弹回分组来避免分组丢失。
2.介绍
遍及全球对网络数据增长的需求稳定地加速了网络技术的演进，因为工程师和制造商也急于跟上数据消耗情况的改变和网络可扩展性要求的增长。已经开发了各种网络技术来满足对网络数据的需求。例如，重叠网络解决方案(例如，虚拟可扩展局域网(VXLAN))以及虚拟化和云计算技术已经被广泛实现。
在一些网络实现方式中，重叠解决方案被用来允许通过物理网络基础设施创建虚拟网络。因此，重叠网络允许网络管理员通过使用虚拟网络来扩展当前物理网络基础设施。重叠网络还可以提供逻辑网络隔离，该逻辑网络隔离允许数据中心或提供者托管大量的客户(即，“租户”)，同时向每个客户提供他们各自的独立网络域。
附图说明
本主题技术的某些特征在所附的权利要求中被阐明。然而，被包括以提供另外的理解的附图示出所公开的方面，并且与详细描述一起用于解释本主题技术的原理。在附图中：
图1根据主题技术的某些方面示出了示例网络设备。
图2根据主题技术的一些实现方式示出了示例网络结构的示意性框图。
图3根据主题技术的一些实现方式示出了示例重叠网络的示意图。
图4示出了其中可以实现虚拟端口信道的重叠网络的示例。
图5根据主题技术的一些实现方式示出了用于响应链路故障的示例方法的框图。
具体实施方式
在下文提及的具体实施方式意欲作为对本主题技术的各种配置的描述，并且不意欲表示在其中可以实践本主题技术的仅有配置。附图被合并于此并组成具体实施方式的一部分。具体实施方式包括具体细节以提供对本主题技术更为透彻的理解。然而，清楚并且显而易见的是，本主题技术不限于本文所提及的具体细节，而且本主题技术可以在不需要这些细节的情况下被实践。在一些实例中，结构和组件以框图的形式被示出，以避免模糊本主题技术的概念。
总述
计算机网络是在地理上分布的节点的集合，这些节点通过通信链路和分段进行互连，以在端节点(例如，个人计算机和工作站)之间传输数据。从局域网(LAN)和广域网(WAN)到重叠网络和软件定义网络(例如，虚拟可扩展局域网(VXLAN))的范围内的许多类型的网络是可用的。
LAN通常通过位于相同地理区域(例如，建筑物或校园)中的专用私有通信链路来连接节点。另一方面，WAN通常通过长距离通信链路(例如，公用载波电话线、光通路、同步光网络(SONET)、或同步数字系列 (SDH)链路)来连接地理上分散的节点。LAN和WAN可以包括第2层 (L2)和/或第3层(L3)网络和设备。
互联网是连接遍及世界的不同网络的WAN的示例，从而提供了各种网络上的节点之间的全球通信。这些节点通常通过根据预定的协议(例如，传输控制协议/互联网协议(TCP/IP))来交换数据的离散帧或分组从而进行网络通信。在上下文中，协议可以指代定义节点如何彼此交互的一组规则。计算机网络还可以通过中间网络节点(例如，路由器)互相连接以扩展每个网络的有效“尺寸”。
重叠网络通常允许通过物理网络基础设施创建并分层虚拟网络。重叠网络协议(例如，虚拟可扩展LAN(VXLAN)、使用通用路由封装的网络虚拟化(NVGRE)、网络虚拟化重叠(NVO3)、和无国籍传输隧道 (STT))提供允许网络流量通过逻辑隧道跨L2和L3网络进行承载的流量封装方案。这种逻辑隧道可以通过虚拟隧道端点(VTEP)发起和终止。
此外，重叠网络可以包括虚拟段(例如，VXLAN重叠网络中的 VXLAN段)，该虚拟段可以包括虚拟L2和/或L3重叠网络，VM通过该虚拟L2和/或L3重叠网络进行通信。虚拟段可以通过虚拟网络标识符 (VNID)(例如，VXLAN网络标识符)进行标识，该虚拟网络标识符可以具体地标识相关联的虚拟段或虚拟域。
描述
在一些重叠实现方式中，虚拟端口信道(VPC)被用来(例如，使用共享地址)逻辑地链接或组合不同的网络元件。通过VPC发送的分组可以被定向至VPC的地址，或被具体地定址到独立的VPC成员交换机。在利用VPC的传统重叠网络中，(例如，在一个VPC成员和所连接的节点之间的)链路故障可能导致被发送至共享地址并到达具有故障链路的VPC成员交换机的在途分组的严重分组丢失。也就是说，在由相应的交换机传播链路故障事件(例如，用以调整重路由地址)所需要的时间期间，可能针对包括过时的地址信息(即，与不可用的目的地或路径点相关)的在途分组引起严重的分组丢失。
所公开的技术通过提供如下方法和系统来解决上述的问题：该方法和系统检测链路故障事件，并且例如通过将传入分组转发至VPC伙伴交换机或隧道端点(TEP)来避开故障链路重路由分组。如下文中将详细描述的，本主题技术的方法可以通过检测链路故障并且针对不能使用其原始地址信息进行发送的传入分组重写封装信息来实现。因为所有VPC成员已知 VPC中的伙伴交换机的地址信息，所以有关TEP可以快速重写/修改传入分组封装信息(地址)，从而将传入流量转发至可用的VPC伙伴。通过重写分组封装信息比在网络架构中的别处实现重路由决策更快，重写TEP可以将分组“弹回”VPC伙伴交换机，而不会在重路由决策进行全网传播的延迟时段期间发生分组丢失。
如图1-图3所示，示例系统和网络的简要介绍描述在此被公开。图1 示出了适用于实现本发明的示例网络设备110。网络设备110包括主中央处理单元(CPU)162、接口168、和总线115(例如，PCI总线)。当在适当的软件或固件的控制下动作时，例如，CPU 162负责执行分组管理、错误检测、和/或路由功能(例如，错误布线(miscabling)检测功能)。 CPU 162可以在包括操作系统的软件和任意适当的应用软件的控制下完成所有这些功能。CPU 162可以包括一个或多个处理器163，例如，来自 Motorola微处理器族或MIPS微处理器族的处理器。在替代的方面，处理器163被专门地设计为用于控制路由器110的操作的硬件。在具体的实现方式中，存储器161(例如，非易失性RAM和/或ROM)也成为CPU 162 的一部分。然而，有许多种存储器可以被耦合到系统的方式。
接口168通常作为接口卡(有时被称为“线卡”)被提供。一般地，它们控制通过网络的数据分组发送和接收，并且有时支持与路由器110一起使用的其他外围设备。在接口当中可以被提供的是以太网接口、帧中继接口、电缆接口、DSL接口、令牌环接口等。另外，可以提供各种超高速接口，例如，快速令牌环接口、无线接口、以太网接口、千兆比特以太网接口、ATM接口、HSSI接口、POS接口、FDDI接口等。
虽然在图1中示出的系统是本发明的一个具体网络设备，但这并不是可以实现本主题技术的方面的唯一网络设备架构。例如，经常使用具有处理通信以及路由计算等的单个处理器的架构。另外，其他类型的接口和介质也可以被实现。
图2示出了网络结构212的示例架构200的示意性框图。网络结构 212可以包括骨干(spine)交换机202A、202B、…、202N(统称为“202”)，在网络结构212中被连接到叶(1eaf)交换机204A、204B、 204C、…、204N(统称为“204”)。
骨干交换机202可以是结构212中的L2交换机；即，骨干交换机202 可以被配置为执行L2功能。另外，骨干交换机202可以支持各种功能，例如，40Gbps或10Gbps以太网数据传输速度。在一些实现方式中，骨干交换机202的一个或多个骨干交换机可以被配置为托管代理功能，该代理功能以不具有以下映射的叶交换机204的名义在映射数据库中执行对端点地址标识符到定位器映射的查找。该代理功能可以通过从分组到经封装的租户分组进行解析以得到租户的目的地定位器地址来完成以上操作。骨干交换机202随后可以执行它们本地映射数据库的查找，以确定分组的正确定位器地址，并将分组转发至该定位器地址而无需改变分组的头部中的某些字段。
当在骨干交换机202i处接收到分组时，骨干交换机202i可以首先检查目的地定位器地址是否是代理地址。如果是代理地址，则骨干交换机 202i可以执行如之前所述的代理功能。如果不是代理地址，则骨干交换机 202i可以在其转发表中查找定位器，并相应地转发分组。
骨干交换机202在结构212中连接到叶交换机204。叶交换机204可以包括接入端口(或非结构端口)和结构端口。结构端口可以向骨干交换机202提供上行链路，而接入端口可以向结构212提供设备、主机、端点、 VM或外部网络的连接。
叶交换机204可以驻留在结构212的边缘，并且可以因此表示物理网络边缘。在一些情况中，叶交换机204可以是根据架顶(ToR)架构配置的架顶交换机。在其他情况中，叶交换机204可以是任意特定拓扑(例如，行末(EoR)或行中(MoR)拓扑)中的聚合交换机。在一些方面，叶交换机204还可以表示例如聚合交换机。
叶交换机204可以负责路由和/或桥接租户分组和应用网络政策。在一些情况中，叶交换机可以执行一个或多个附加功能，例如，实现映射缓存、在该缓冲中存在未命中时向代理功能发送分组、封装分组、实施进口或出口政策等。
此外，叶交换机204可以包括虚拟交换功能，例如，如下文中在图3 的VTEP 308的讨论中所解释的虚拟隧道端点(VTEP)功能。为此，叶交换机204可以将结构212连接至重叠网络，例如图3中所示的重叠网络 300。
结构212中的网络连接可以流经叶交换机204。在此，叶交换机204 可以向结构212提供服务器、资源、端点、外部网络、或VM接入，并且可以将叶交换机204连接到彼此。在一些情况中，叶交换机204可以将 EPG连接到结构212和/或任意外部网络。每个EPG可以经由例如叶交换机204中的一个叶交换机连接到结构212。
端点210A-E(统称为“210”)可以经由叶交换机204连接到结构 212。例如，端点210A和210B可以直接连接到叶交换机204A，该叶交换机204A可以将端点210A和210B连接到结构212和/或叶交换机204中的任意一个其他的叶交换机。类似地，端点210E可以直接连接到叶交换机 204C，该叶交换机204C可以将端点210E连接到结构212和/或任意其他叶交换机204。另一方面，端点210C和210D可以经由L2网络206连接到叶交换机204B。类似地，广域网(WAN)可以经由L2网络208连接到叶交换机204C或204D。
图3示出了示例重叠网络300。重叠网络300使用重叠协议(例如， VXLAN、VGRE、VO3、或STT)，以在可以跨越网络中的重叠L3边界的L2和/或L3分组中封装流量。如图3所示，重叠网络300可以包括经由网络302互相连接的主机306A-D。
网络302可以包括例如任意分组网络(例如，IP网络)。此外，主机 306A-D包括虚拟隧道端点(VTEP)308A-D，针对各个虚拟网络标识符 (VNID)310A-I，该虚拟隧道端点可以是被配置为根据网络300的具体重叠协议来封装和去封装数据流量的虚拟节点或交换机。此外，主机306A- D可以包括服务器，该服务器包含虚拟隧道端点功能和虚拟工作负载。然而，在一些情况中，一个或多个主机还可以是被配置具有虚拟隧道端点功能的物理交换机(例如，ToR交换机)。例如，主机306A和306B可以是被配置具有VTEP的物理交换机。在此，主机306A和306B可以被连接到服务器303A-D，这些服务器可以包括例如通过VM的虚拟工作负载。
在一些实施例中，网络300可以是VXLAN网络，并且VTEP 308A-D 可以是VXLAN隧道端点。然而，一个本领域技术人员将很容易地认识到网络300可以表示任意类型的重叠网络或软件定义网络(例如，NVGRE、 STT、或甚至是仍有待发明的重叠技术)。
VNID可以表示重叠网络300中的隔离虚拟网络。重叠隧道(VTEP 308A-D)中的每一个重叠隧道可以包括一个或多个VNID。例如，VTEP 308A可以包括VNID 1和2，VTEP 308B可以包括VNID 1和3，VTEP 308C可以包括VNID 1和2，以及VTEP 308D可以包括VNID 1-3。一个本领域技术人员将很容易地认识到在其他实施例中，任意特定的VTEP可以具有很多VNID，包括比图3中的3个VNID更多的VNID。
重叠网络300中的流量可以根据具体的VNID被逻辑上地隔离。以这种方式，打算用于VNID 1的流量可以由驻留在VNID 1中的设备访问，而驻留在其他VNID(例如，VNID 2和3)中的其他设备可以被阻止访问该流量。换言之，被连接到具体VNID的设备或端点可以与被连接到相同的具体VNID的其他设备或端点进行通信，而来自分开的VNID的流量可以被隔离，以阻止其他具体VNID中的设备或端点访问不同VNID中的流量。
端点和VM 303A-I可以连接到它们各自的VNID或虚拟段，并且与驻留在相同VNID或虚拟段中的其他端点或VM进行通信。例如，端点 303A可以与端点303C和VM 303E和303G进行通信，因为它们都驻留在相同的VNID(即，VNID 1)中。类似地，端点303B可以与VM 303F和 303H进行通信，因为它们都驻留在VNID 2中。
VTEP 308A-D可以根据所实现的具体重叠协议(例如，VXLAN)来封装指向重叠网络300中的各个VNID 1-3的分组，因此流量可以被适当地发送至正确的VNID和(一个或多个)接收者。此外，当交换机、路由器、或其他网络设备接收到将要被发送至重叠网络300中的接收者的分组时，可以分析路由表(例如，查找表)以确定该分组需要被发送至何处从而使得流量到达合适的接收者。例如，如果VTEP 308A从端点303B接收到打算用于端点303H的分组，则VTEP 308A可以分析将预期的端点(端点303H)映射至具体交换机的路由表，该具体的交换机被配置为处理打算用于端点303H的通信。当从端点303B接收分组时，VTEP 308A可能最初不知道该分组应该被发送至VTEP 308D以便到达端点303H。因此，通过分析路由表，VTEP 308A可以查找作为预期接收者的端点303H，并确定该分组应该被发送至VTEP 308D(如在路由表中基于端点至交换机的映射或绑定所规定的)，因此该分组可以按照预期被发送至端点303H以及由端点303H接收。
然而，继续之前的示例，在很多实例中，VTEP 308A可以分析路由表，但未能找到与预期的接收者(例如，端点303H)相关联的任意绑定或映射。在此，路由表可能还没有获知有关端点303H的路由信息。在该情景中，VTEP 308A可以广播或多播分组来确保与端点303H相关联的适当的交换机可以接收分组，并进一步将该分组路由至端点303H。
图4示出了其中可以实现虚拟端口信道(例如，虚拟端口信道408) 的重叠网络400的示例。虽然重叠网络400示出了全双向拓扑，但是本技术的方面不限于图4的示例中所示的拓扑。而且，应该理解的是本技术的实现方式可以不依赖于网络拓扑而被应用于利用重叠网络中的VPC的网络系统中。
网络400包括多个骨干(例如，骨干402、404、和406)以及多个 TEP(例如，叶S1、S2、S3和S4)。进而，每个TEP被连接到一个或多个节点(例如，A、C、K、H、M和/或P)。特别地，叶S1被连接到节点A和C。叶S2和叶S3是对等交换机S23的成员。如所配置的，叶S2 被连接到节点K，并且叶S3被连接至节点M，而(作为对等交换机S23 的一部分的)叶S2和叶S3例如经由VPC408被连接到节点H。在该配置中，节点K和节点M被链接到叶S2和叶S3，而不考虑VPC 408。
在图4的示例中，骨干402、404、和406与每个叶(例如，叶S1、叶S2、叶S3和叶S4)之间的连接在全双向图拓扑中被示出；然而，可以实现其他拓扑。如上讨论的，叶S2和叶S3(例如，在对等交换机S23中) 形成虚拟对。虽然对等交换机S23被示为包括叶S2和叶S3，但是应该理解的是在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下可以包括更多数量的交换机。
在实践中，对等交换机的每个成员被配置为在虚拟组中保留每个其他成员交换机的地址信息。因此，在图4的示例中，叶S2被预配置具有叶 S3的地址信息。同样地，叶S3被预配置具有叶S2的地址信息。通过使用相同对等交换机内的伙伴交换机的预配置地址信息，被连接到故障链路的交换机可以被配置为自动地转发/重定向传入分组，使得这些分组“弹回”至伙伴交换机。
通过示例的方式，如果从叶S3到节点H的链路故障，则被发送至节点H的分组将需要通过叶S2路由(例如，经由叶S2-节点H的链路到达节点H)。然而，如果(例如，源于节点A的)传入分组被发送至节点H (例如，被寻址到VPC 23)，则该分组有可能到达叶S3。在传统的实现方式中，如果链路故障检测和地址转发信息没有在分组到达叶S3之前被更新，则分组丢失，因为该分组不能通过故障的VPC链路(例如，从S3 到H)被发送。
本主题技术的实现方式通过提供被配置为在虚拟端口信道(例如， VPC 408)中检测到链路故障事件时实现转发决策的VPC交换机来避免上述问题。关于上文的示例，叶S3可以被配置为检测故障的链路(例如， S3-H链路)，并作为响应将传入分组转发至对等交换机(例如，叶S2)。因此，由VPC 23接收的、以及由叶S3接收的分组可以被转发(弹回)至叶S2，并随后被发送至节点H(而没有被丢弃)。在重叠网络中实现的一些VPC交换机中，分组可以仅通过重写/更改分组封装信息中的目的地地址，并且基于更新的封装信息来转发该分组来进行转发。
当在VPC布置的情况下实现时，本主题技术的弹回方法提供对链路故障事件的改进的网络响应，由于最近的网络元件(例如，叶S3)被定位，从而最快地检测故障事件并将传入分组弹回至伙伴交换机。
在一些实现方式中，所有到目的地节点的路径都可能故障。关于上文的示例，S3-H链路可能与S2-H链路同时故障。在这样的实例中，从叶S3 弹回(到叶S2)的分组可以被弹回到叶S3(例如，无限循环)。为了避免无限分组弹回的可能性，每个VPC伙伴交换机可以被配置，以使得转发决策基于接收到的分组是否之前被弹回。
在某些方面，第一次弹回由弹回交换机指示，例如通过在分组封装信息中转换一个比特来指示初始分组弹回。因此，(例如，从叶S3)接收弹回分组的VPC伙伴交换机(例如，叶S2)可以忽视弹回的分组，以避免无限弹回的问题。即，接收分组的VPC交换机可以确定(1)接收到的分组是否已经被VPC伙伴弹回，以及(2)接收交换机是否要将该分组弹回到发送VPC伙伴。在条件(1)和(2)均为真的情景中，接收的分组被丢弃以避免弹回循环。
图5根据本技术的一些方面示出了用于在重叠网络中实现VPC分组弹回的示例方法500的框图。方法500从步骤502开始，其中检测例如在第一网络设备和目的地节点之间的链路故障。在实践中，第一网络设备是虚拟端口信道的成员交换机，并且被配置具有VPC的地址信息以及在相同 VPC中的所有其他交换机的地址信息。
在步骤504中，数据分组被第一网络设备接收并且被寻址到目的地节点。当接收到数据分组并响应于在步骤502中检测到链路故障事件时，第一网络设备实现转发决策，即将接收到的分组弹回至VPC伙伴。
在步骤506中，当分组封装信息(例如，分组头部中的TEP地址)被重写/修改以包括VPC伙伴交换机的地址时，实现转发决策。随后，分组被转发到VPC伙伴。
在一些实现方式中，在分组被转发之前，分组封装信息被修改以指示分组已经被转发(弹回)。如下文进一步详细讨论的，之前弹回的分组可以被接收VPC伙伴交换机丢弃以避免转发循环的可能性。
在步骤508中，分组在第二网络设备处被接收，该第二网络设备是最初检测到链路故障事件的第一网络设备的VPC伙伴。一旦第二网络设备接收到分组，则过程500进行至决策步骤510，其中第二网络设备确定该分组是否之前被弹回。
在实践中，第二网络设备可以通过查看分组头部的内容来确定之前是否发生过弹回。如果分组头部指示接收到的分组之前没有被弹回，则在第二网络设备处实现转发决策，并且在网络中该分组被转发至其下一个目的地。替代地，如果在决策步骤510中确定接收到的分组之前被弹回，则过程500进行至步骤514，其中接收到的分组被丢弃以避免(如第一网络设备和第二网络设备之间的)转发循环。
应该理解的是公开的过程中的步骤的指定顺序或层级是示意性方法的说明。基于设计的倾向性，应该理解的是过程中的步骤的指定顺序或层级可以被重新排列，或仅执行所示步骤的一部分。一些步骤可以被同时执行。例如，在某些情况中，多任务和并行处理可能是有优势的。此外，上述的实施例中分开的各个系统组件不应该被理解为在所有的实施例中要求这样的分开，而应该被理解为所描述的程序组件和系统通常可以被集成在单个软件产品中或被组装在多个软件产品中。
之前的描述被提供以使得任意本领域技术人员能够实践本文描述的各个方面。对这些方面的修改对于本领域技术人员将是显而易见的，并且本文定义的通用原理可以被应用于其他方面。因此，权利要求不旨在限定本文示出的方面，但是要与符合语言要求的全部范围相一致，其中参考的单数形式的元件不旨在表示“一个或唯一”，除非有特殊声明，不然表示“一个或多个”。
诸如“方面”之类的短语并不意味着该方面对本主题技术是必不可少的，或该方面应用于本主题技术的所有配置。有关方面的公开可以应用于所有配置或应用于一个或多个配置。诸如方面之类的短语可能指的是一个或多个方面，反之亦然。诸如“配置”之类的短语并不意味着该配置对本主题技术是必不可少的，或该配置应用于本主题技术的所有配置。有关配置的公开可以应用于所有配置或应用于一个或多个配置。诸如配置之类的短语可能指的是一个或多个配置，反之亦然。
本文中使用的词语“示例性的”表示“作为示例或说明服务”。本文中作为“示例性的”描述的方面和设计比起其他方面或设计不一定是优选的或有优势的。

Claims (15)

1.一种计算机实现的方法，包括：
由虚拟端口信道中的第一网络设备检测所述第一网络设备和目的地节点之间的链路故障；
由所述虚拟端口信道中的第一网络设备接收寻址到所述目的地节点的第一数据分组；以及
响应于检测到所述链路故障，由所述第一网络设备重写所述第一数据分组的封装信息，其中重写所述第一数据分组的封装信息使得所述第一数据分组被转发至第二网络设备，其中所述第二网络设备与所述虚拟端口信道中的第一网络设备配对，并且其中，重写所述第一数据分组的封装信息包括更新所述第一数据分组的封装信息以包括所述第二网络设备的地址。
2.如权利要求1所述的计算机实现的方法，其中，重写所述第一数据分组的封装信息还包括：
将所述第一数据分组发送至所述第二网络设备以用于转发至所述目的地节点。
3.如权利要求1所述的计算机实现的方法，其中，重写所述封装信息还包括修改所述第一数据分组的外部隧道端点(TEP)目的地地址。
4.如权利要求1所述的计算机实现的方法，其中，重写所述第一数据分组的封装信息还包括在所述封装信息中提供所述第一数据分组不可由所述目的地节点递送的指示。
5.如权利要求4所述的计算机实现的方法，其中，基于所述封装信息中的所述第一数据分组不可由所述目的地节点递送的指示，所述第一数据分组被所述第二网络设备丢弃。
6.如权利要求1所述的计算机实现的方法，其中，所述第一网络设备被配置为保留所述第二网络设备的地址和所述虚拟端口信道的共享地址。
7.一种用于响应网络链路故障事件的系统，所述系统包括：
第一网络设备，所述第一网络设备包括一个或多个处理器和计算机可读介质，所述计算机可读介质包括存储在其中的指令，当所述指令由所述处理器执行时，使得所述一个或多个处理器执行以下操作，包括：
检测所述第一网络设备和目的地节点之间的链路故障，其中所述第一网络设备包括虚拟端口信道的一部分；
接收寻址到所述目的地节点的第一数据分组；以及
响应于检测到所述链路故障，重写所述第一数据分组的封装信息，其中重写所述第一数据分组的封装信息使得所述第一数据分组被转发至第二网络设备，其中所述第二网络设备与所述虚拟端口信道中的第一网络设备配对，并且其中，重写所述第一数据分组的封装信息包括更新所述第一数据分组的封装信息以包括所述第二网络设备的地址。
8.如权利要求7所述的系统，其中，重写所述第一数据分组的封装信息还包括：
将所述第一数据分组发送至所述第二网络设备以用于转发至所述目的地节点。
9.如权利要求7所述的系统，其中，重写所述封装信息还包括：
修改所述第一数据分组的外部隧道端点(TEP)目的地地址。
10.如权利要求7所述的系统，其中，重写所述第一数据分组的封装信息还包括：
在所述封装信息中提供所述第一数据分组不可由所述目的地节点递送的指示。
11.如权利要求10所述的系统，其中，基于所述封装信息中的所述第一数据分组不可由所述目的地节点递送的指示，所述第一数据分组被所述第二网络设备丢弃。
12.如权利要求7所述的系统，其中，所述虚拟端口信道包括第三网络设备，所述第三网络设备和所述第二网络设备各自被连接到第二目的地节点，以及
其中，基于对寻址到所述第二目的地节点的第二数据分组的地址信息执行的散列函数，由所述第二网络设备和所述第一网络设备做出针对所述第二数据分组的转发决策。
13.一种非暂态计算机可读存储介质，包括存储在其中的指令，当所述指令由一个或多个处理器执行时，使得所述处理器执行以下操作，包括：
由虚拟端口信道中的第一网络设备检测所述第一网络设备和目的地节点之间的链路故障；
由所述虚拟端口信道中的第一网络设备接收寻址到所述目的地节点的第一数据分组；以及
响应于检测到所述链路故障，由所述第一网络设备重写所述第一数据分组的封装信息，其中重写所述第一数据分组的封装信息使得所述第一数据分组被转发至第二网络设备，其中所述第二网络设备与所述虚拟端口信道中的第一网络设备配对，并且其中，重写所述第一数据分组的封装信息包括更新所述第一数据分组的封装信息以包括所述第二网络设备的地址。
14.如权利要求13所述的非暂态计算机可读存储介质，其中，重写所述第一数据分组的封装信息还包括：
将所述第一数据分组发送至所述第二网络设备以用于转发至所述目的地节点。
15.如权利要求13所述的非暂态计算机可读存储介质，其中，重写所述封装信息还包括修改所述第一数据分组的外部隧道端点(TEP)目的地地址。
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