CN105701015A - Availability evaluation method of smartphone human-computer interface on the basis of user model - Google Patents
Availability evaluation method of smartphone human-computer interface on the basis of user model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an availability evaluation method of a smartphone human-computer interface on the basis of a user model. The availability evaluation method comprises the following steps: according to the user model, establishing a classification standard of an availability problem; in a task testing process, collecting the eye movement data and the user operation behavior data of a user; and establishing a mapping relationship between test data and the availability problem for analyzing problems existing in design, and giving an improvement suggestion. Through the user model, the availability evaluation method puts forwards an availability problem classification standard suitable for the availability evaluation of the smartphone human-computer interface so as to be favorable for helping design personnel to find the position and the reason of errors of the availability problem, and an effective suggestion on the design can be put forward. The mapping relationship between objective data and the availability problem is established to help availability evaluation personnel to classify the found availability problems. Compared with the subjective evaluation of an availability evaluation expert, the method is high in reliability on the classification of the availability problems.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of human-computer interaction, relate to the usability evaluation method of a kind of man machine interface, particularly relate to the usability evaluation method of a kind of smart mobile phone man machine interface based on user model。
Background technology
Although technological progress makes smart mobile phone have higher computing capability, connectivity and interaction capabilities, but the impact of the factors such as, various interaction modes changeable by use environment and user's applied mental complexity, the availability of smart mobile phone yet suffers from a lot of limitation and challenge, and the availability of assessment smart mobile phone also becomes increasingly complex and difficult。
The availability assessment standard Main Basis international standard ISO9241 efficiency of current smart mobile phone man machine interface, effectiveness and satisfaction are as availability assessment index, availability factor framework with some ergonomicses expert sets up, proposes part Replacement Factor according to the feature of smart mobile phone on this basis。But mostly these standards are " with expert for this ", method of testing and the test process of " with user for this " cannot be set up according to these indexs, the theoretical foundation disunity of test and design, it does not have the problem inherently solving design and the evaluation system setting up " with user for this "。Test finds and solves the degree of availability issue, relies primarily on the experience level of tester, causes that reliability and validity are relatively low。
Traditional usability evaluation method is based under laboratory environment, with desk computer for main object。The usability evaluation method of smart mobile phone man machine interface emphasizes the situational factors impact on user。To reflect on the one hand true use procedure as far as possible, to reduce research worker on the other hand and interference that user is used by test instrunment equipment as far as possible。Completely, infallible data collected in record accurately is the difficulties studied for a long time。A lot of method has been had to collect test data by eye tracker, sensor, user journal data etc., these data are relative to each other, influence each other, how to carry out data analysis from existing approve-useful index aspect, lack the in-depth analysis to user's action and psychological motive, cause lacking and design improvement is advised。
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of smart mobile phone man machine interface usability evaluation method based on user model, set up unified standard and run through design with test process all the time, improve reliability and the validity of availability assessment, according to the classified statistic to availability issue, find design problem targetedly, and provide recommendation on improvement。
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that:
A kind of smart mobile phone man machine interface usability evaluation method based on user model, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: set up user model, including action model and cognitive model, describes the operating characteristic of smart phone user from the action model of user and two aspects of cognitive model；
Step 2: according to the action model of user and cognitive model, set up the classification of availability issue, availability issue is divided into 7 classes: purpose conversion makes mistakes, can not find functional entrance, cannot find order position, does not understand icon/functional meaning, can not find next step operation, do not understand operational order and feedback information deficiency；
Step 3: the required data statistics index collected of definition, including 2 according to the predefined data of operation task: standard operation step number, is designated as Cstd, functional entrance step number, is designated as Estd；3 user operation behavioral datas: user operation reaches number, is designated as Cact, user operation chain number, is designated as N, completes function place operational chain, be designated as n；The eye movement data of 2 users: region-of-interest is watched attentively and counted, and is designated as Ef, the region-of-interest average fixation time, is designated as Et；
Step 4: build the usability testing platform of smart mobile phone；Adopt the dynamic tracing system of eye to obtain the eye movement data of user, use the getevent order that Android operation system carries to collect the operation behavior data of user by debugging bridge；
Step 5: design test assignment and testing process, obtains tested user operation behavioral data and eye movement data:
Step 6: the tested user operation behavioral data obtained according to step 5 and eye movement data, the operation of each operation task of counting user reaches several Cact, operational chain number N, completes function place operational chain n, region-of-interest watches the Ef and region-of-interest average fixation time Et that counts attentively；By the relation of 7 data statistics indexs defined in step 3 is judged, set up and the mapping relations of 7 class availability issues in step 2, differentiate that the type of availability issue is differentiated by flow process according to availability issue；
Step 7: according to the type statistics to availability issue, finds design problem, and provides recommendation on improvement。
Model of taking action in described step 1 includes setting up purpose, plan, enforcement and evaluation。
In described step 1, cognitive model includes finding discovery, identifies, understands and memory。
In described step 5, testing process is specific as follows:
Preparatory stage: introduced test content by main survey personnel, provide personal information questionnaire, help tested user to wear and pilot scale study equipment normally uses；Tested user fills in personal information questionnaire, confirms that experimental facilities is under the premise not affecting user operation mobile phone, starts test；
Test phase: explained test assignment to user by main survey personnel, observes and recording user operation behavior；Tested user starts operation after understanding task, as encountered problems or operating difficulties inquire to main survey personnel, and feedback operation impression or advise after test；
Ending phase: main survey personnel's exact p-value project announces that test terminates after completing。
In described step 5, novice users, domestic consumer and expert user are according to user, user to be defined by the use experience of operation system of smart phone。
In described step 6, availability issue type identification flow process is specific as follows:
Work as Cact-Cstd=0, it is believed that user completes operation；As Cact-Cstd < 0, it is believed that user is not fully complete operation；
As Cact-Cstd=0 and n-N=0, it is believed that user can oneself judge to have completed operation；
As Cact-Cstd=0 and n-N < 0, it is believed that user nevertheless attempts to operation after operation completes, illustrate that feedback information is not enough；
As Cact-Cstd < 0 and n-N=0, it is believed that user employs the function of mistake because not understanding task concept or command object concept, belongs to targeted transformation and makes mistakes；
As Cact-Estd < 0, it is believed that user can not find functional entrance；
As Cact-Estd=0 and Efi=0 or as Cact-Estd=0 and Eti< 100, it is believed that user cannot the position at discovery feature order place；Wherein, EfiRepresent that the region-of-interest that icon object number is i is watched attentively to count；EtiRepresent the region-of-interest average fixation time that icon object number is i；
As Cact-Estd=0 and Efi> 0 or as Cact-Estd=0 and Eti> 100, it is believed that user does not understand icon/functional meaning；
Work as Cact-Estd > 0 and Efi> 0 and Eti< 100, it is believed that user understands icon/functional meaning, carry out next step operation；
Work as Cact-Estd > 0 and Efj=0 or work as Cact-Estd > 0 and Etj< 100, it is believed that user can not find next step operation；Wherein, EfjRepresent that the region-of-interest that operational order object number is j is watched attentively to count, EtjRepresent the region-of-interest average fixation time that operational order object number is j；
Work as Cact-Estd > 0 and Efj> 0 or work as Cact-Estd > 0 and Etj> 100, it is believed that user does not understand operational order。
Compared with prior art, the invention have the benefit that
(1) present invention proposes the availability issue criteria for classification suitable in smart mobile phone man machine interface availability assessment by user model, be conducive to the position helping designer to find that availability issue occurs, reason of makeing mistakes, it is possible to design is improved and proposes effectively suggestion。
(2) present invention is by establishing the mapping relations between objective data and availability issue, helps availability assessment personnel that the availability issue found is sorted out。Adopt the method that the subjective evaluation of the classification relatively availability assessment expert of availability issue is compared and have higher reliability。
(3) present invention has good universality and motility, it is possible to multiple mobile phone application interface is estimated。
(4) task test process in, utilize the technological means such as eye-tracking more fully, glitch-free collection truly use the data under sight；Set up the mapping relations of test data and availability issue, for the analysis of causes and the improvement of problem, overcome in prior art and only carry out data analysis from approve-useful index aspect, lack the in-depth analysis to user's action and psychological motive, causing lacking and design is improved the problem advised, the present invention improves reliability and the validity of availability assessment。
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is smart mobile phone man machine interface user cognition model；
Fig. 2 is that smart mobile phone man machine interface user takes action model；
Fig. 3 is availability issue criteria for classification；
Fig. 4 is usability testing flow process；
Fig. 5 is that availability issue differentiates flow chart。
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described further。
The smart mobile phone man machine interface usability evaluation method that the present invention provides comprises the following steps:
Step 1: firstly the need of understanding user's fundamental characteristics when operating smart mobile phone, set up user model。The operating characteristic of smart phone user is described from the action model of user and two aspects of cognitive model。
Finding phone icon on the main interface of certain mobile phone for user, consciousness and the cognitive process of user are as follows:
1) discovery is found: make an inspection tour everywhere on main interface, see where there is icon。Vision can ignore that other unrelated various visual informations, only finds icon。Different users may find according to different strategies, when observe visual signal and intended basically identical time, vision substantially stationary will follow this signal。
2) identify: in some similar icons, differentiate the phone icon to look for, when finding several similar stimulus signal, according to visual signature information or detailed information, identify the implication of target。
3) understand: be compared to confirm whether this icon is phone icon with the information stored in memory and knowledge。
4) memory: said process is stored in memory。
According to above procedure, the user cognition model of foundation is as shown in Figure 1。
Equally, calling this task someone for user's mobile phone, user's concrete operational phase is as follows:
1) purpose is set up: user is according to using sight and needing to determine application target。
2) plan: in order to realize purpose, user needs to set up action plan, main consideration uses any function, how to complete。Such as in order to enable to carry out voice call in real time with the other side, user plans to use the call function of mobile phone。Implement from plan to concrete operations, there is the operation transformation process of Machine oriented。Concrete these functions of consideration where, and how to operate。
3) implement: user is when using touch screen smart mobile phone, and each is implemented action and can not arbitrarily carry out, and the interactive mode specified according to system only by touch screen is operated, and obtains feedback information by screen。Action plan is converted into operating process and is broadly divided into two steps: first, the action of user psychology is converted into the acceptable operation order of smart mobile phone；Second, each tack is converted into the microoperation meeting smart mobile phone interactive mode。
4) evaluate: refer to that the feedback information that smart mobile phone is provided is compared with the purpose of end user, it is judged that whether plan is correct, and whether operation completes。
As met expectation and the prediction of user, then this purpose completes；As do not met, then explanation plan makes mistakes or error in operation, it is necessary to re-establishes action plan, or re-starts operation。
According to above procedure, the user of foundation takes action model as shown in Figure 2。
Step 2: according to the action model of user and cognitive model, the different design applied if as cell phone system or mobile phone share the action characteristic at family or cognitive features and causes that user cannot complete task operating purpose in operating handset, availability issue can be regarded as, as shown in table 1。
Table 1 availability issue evaluation criteria
According to user model and availability assessment standard, set up the classification of the availability issue being suitable for smart mobile phone operation task。As it is shown on figure 3, availability issue is divided into 7 classes: purpose conversion makes mistakes, can not find functional entrance, cannot find order position, does not understand icon/functional meaning, can not find next step operation, do not understand operational order and feedback information deficiency。
Step 3: the required data statistics index collected in definition test process, including 2 according to the predefined data of operation task: standard operation step number (Cstd), functional entrance step number (Estd)；3 user operation behavioral datas: user operation reaches number (Cact), user operation chain number (N), completes function place operational chain (n)；The eye movement data of 2 users: region-of-interest is watched attentively and counted (Ef) and the region-of-interest average fixation time (Et), in Table 2。
Table 2 statistical data index definition
Step 4: build the usability testing platform of smart mobile phone。This platform includes following equipment: carry the testing mobile phone one of Android5.0, and the spectacle eye of SMI company moves tracing system, carries the notebook computer one of the dynamic Trancking Software of eye。Adopt the dynamic tracing system of eye to obtain the eye movement data of user, use the getevent order that Android operation system carries to collect the operation behavior data of user by debugging bridge。
The dynamic tracing system of the spectacle eye of SMI company for adopting spectacle eye tracker, adopt the advantage of spectacle eye tracker be can recording user operation real equipment time eye movement data, analog subscriber true operation sight as far as possible。Eye dynamic tracing system include hardware and software two large divisions, hardware device sample rate is 30Hz (eyes), follow the trail of resolution: < 0.1 °, stare precision: < 0.5 °；Being equipped with the popular interpupillary distance concave lens of 5 groups from-200 ° to-600 ° in this method, the tested user of convenient myopia wears。The software used is iViewETG data acquisition software and Begaze data analysis software。
Using getevent to obtain user's click coordinate and be then converted into the method clicking control compared with the method for operation note program of writing direct in audiomonitor, the method uses complicated, consuming time。But, the advantage of the method is the data that just can obtain the click of user's overall situation without revising android system bottom source code, and can also obtain user clicks the data of physical button simultaneously。This method is suitable under multi-functional many application to collect data, be suitable for the application of polytype mobile phone is estimated。
Step 5: design test assignment and testing process: tester includes main survey personnel and tested user, and main survey personnel help user's wearing device, explain test assignment to user, observation, record user test operate and propose problem。Tested user includes three class users: novice users, domestic consumer and expert user。According to user, user is defined by the use experience of operation system of smart phone。Testing process is as shown in Figure 4。Testing process is specific as follows:
Preparatory stage: introduced test content by main survey personnel, provide personal information questionnaire, help tested user to wear and pilot scale study equipment normally uses；Tested user fills in personal information questionnaire, confirms that experimental facilities is under the premise not affecting user operation mobile phone, starts test。Before test, to eye tracker assisted calibration。
Test phase: tested user needs to keep the mobile phone distance with eyes at 30-40cm in test process, and adopts the posture that eyes sight line can be enable to look squarely as far as possible, improves the collection precision of eye movement data。Explained test assignment by main survey personnel to user, observe user operation behavior, obtain user operation behavioral data by Android operation system getevent order, use Begaze software records user's eye movement data。Give appropriate help when user runs into operating difficulties, also need to observe the accuracy that eye movement data is collected, during eye movement data accuracy generation large change, it is necessary to recalibrate simultaneously；Tested personnel starts operation after understanding task, as encountered problems or operating difficulties inquire to main survey personnel, and feedback operation impression or advise after test。
Ending phase: main survey personnel's exact p-value project announces that test terminates and expresses thanks after completing。
Step 6: data analysis: user operation behavioral data and eye movement data to obtaining in step 5 carry out statistical disposition, according to the getevent click event obtained and time point, it is judged that the operating gesture of user and operational controls object；Region-of-interest (AOI) statistical function according to Begaze software carries out eye movement data statistics to demarcating control。By the relation of 7 statistical indicators is judged, in Table 3, set up the mapping relations with 7 class availability issues, differentiate that the type of availability issue is differentiated by flow process according to availability issue。
Referring to Fig. 5, availability issue differentiates that flow process is specific as follows:
According to test assignment, pre-define the standard operation step number Cstd of each test assignment, functional entrance step number Estd before test, according to the user click data gathered and eye movement data after having tested, the operation of each operation task of counting user reaches several Cact, operational chain number N, completes function place operational chain n, region-of-interest watches the Ef and region-of-interest average fixation time Et that counts attentively；I represents icon object number, and j represents operational order object number, different region-of-interests in addition subscript is distinguished, for instance Efi, EfjAnd Eti, Etj。
Work as Cact-Cstd=0, it is believed that user completes operation；As Cact-Cstd < 0, it is believed that user is not fully complete operation；
Work as Cact-Cstd=0&n-N=0, it is believed that user can oneself judge to have completed operation；
As Cact-Cstd=0&n-N < 0, it is believed that user nevertheless attempts to operation after operation completes, and illustrates that user cannot judge whether, namely evaluate feedback information not enough；
As Cact-Cstd < 0&n-N=0, it is believed that user employs the function of mistake because not understanding task concept or command object concept, belongs to targeted transformation and makes mistakes；
As Cact-Estd < 0, it is believed that user cannot arrive functional entrance interface, and namely user can not find functional entrance；
Work as Cact-Estd=0&Efi=0 | Eti< 100, it is believed that user cannot find objective function order namely cannot find the position at order place in functional entrance interface, and i represents icon object number；EfiRepresent that the region-of-interest that icon object number is i is watched attentively to count；EtiRepresent the region-of-interest average fixation time that icon object number is i；
Work as Cact-Estd=0&Efi>0&Eti> 100, it is believed that user does not understand icon/functional meaning；
Work as Cact-Estd > 0&Efi>0&Eti< 100, it is believed that user understands icon/functional meaning, carry out next step operation；
Work as Cact-Estd > 0&Efj=0 | Etj< 100, it is believed that user can not find next step operational order；J represents operational order object number；EfjRepresent that the region-of-interest that operational order object number is j is watched attentively to count, EtjRepresent the region-of-interest average fixation time that operational order object number is j；
Work as Cact-Estd > 0&Efj>0&Etj> 100, it is believed that operational order is produced cognition by user, but how to operate owing to not understanding, it does not have completing final operation, namely user does not understand operational order。
Table 3 data target relation differentiates
Step 7: according to the type statistics to availability issue, finds design problem targetedly, and provides recommendation on improvement, and design problem that concrete availability issue is corresponding and improved method are in Table 4。
Design problem that table 4 availability issue is corresponding and improved method
The present invention is to improve effectiveness and the practicality of smart mobile phone man machine interface usability evaluation method: according to user model, set up the criteria for classification of availability issue；In the process of task test, collect eye movement data and the user operation behavioral data of user；Set up the mapping relations of test data and availability issue, be used for analyzing design Problems existing and providing recommendation on improvement。
Claims (6)
1. the smart mobile phone man machine interface usability evaluation method based on user model, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Step 1: set up user model, including action model and cognitive model, describes the operating characteristic of smart phone user from the action model of user and two aspects of cognitive model；
Step 2: according to the action model of user and cognitive model, set up the classification of availability issue, availability issue is divided into 7 classes: purpose conversion makes mistakes, can not find functional entrance, cannot find order position, does not understand icon/functional meaning, can not find next step operation, do not understand operational order and feedback information deficiency；
Step 3: the required data statistics index collected of definition, including 2 according to the predefined data of operation task: standard operation step number, is designated as Cstd, functional entrance step number, is designated as Estd；3 user operation behavioral datas: user operation reaches number, is designated as Cact, user operation chain number, is designated as N, completes function place operational chain, be designated as n；The eye movement data of 2 users: region-of-interest is watched attentively and counted, and is designated as Ef, the region-of-interest average fixation time, is designated as Et；
Step 4: build the usability testing platform of smart mobile phone；Adopt the dynamic tracing system of eye to obtain the eye movement data of user, use the getevent order that Android operation system carries to collect the operation behavior data of user by debugging bridge；
Step 5: design test assignment and testing process, obtains tested user operation behavioral data and eye movement data:
Step 6: the tested user operation behavioral data obtained according to step 5 and eye movement data, the operation of each operation task of counting user reaches several Cact, operational chain number N, completes function place operational chain n, region-of-interest watches the Ef and region-of-interest average fixation time Et that counts attentively；By the relation of 7 data statistics indexs defined in step 3 is judged, set up and the mapping relations of 7 class availability issues in step 2, differentiate that the type of availability issue is differentiated by flow process according to availability issue；
Step 7: according to the type statistics to availability issue, finds design problem, and provides recommendation on improvement。
2. a kind of smart mobile phone man machine interface usability evaluation method based on user model according to claim 1, it is characterised in that model of taking action in described step 1 includes setting up purpose, plan, enforcement and evaluation。
3. a kind of smart mobile phone man machine interface usability evaluation method based on user model according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in described step 1, cognitive model includes finding discovery, identifies, understands and memory。
4. a kind of smart mobile phone man machine interface usability evaluation method based on user model according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in described step 5, testing process is specific as follows:
Preparatory stage: introduced test content by main survey personnel, provide personal information questionnaire, help tested user to wear and pilot scale study equipment normally uses；Tested user fills in personal information questionnaire, confirms that experimental facilities is under the premise not affecting user operation mobile phone, starts test；
Test phase: explained test assignment to user by main survey personnel, observes and recording user operation behavior；Tested user starts operation after understanding task, as encountered problems or operating difficulties inquire to main survey personnel, and feedback operation impression or advise after test；
Ending phase: main survey personnel's exact p-value project announces that test terminates after completing。
5. a kind of smart mobile phone man machine interface usability evaluation method based on user model according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step 5, novice users, domestic consumer and expert user are according to user, user to be defined by the use experience of operation system of smart phone。
6. a kind of smart mobile phone man machine interface usability evaluation method based on user model according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in described step 6, availability issue type identification flow process is specific as follows:
Work as Cact-Cstd=0, it is believed that user completes operation；As Cact-Cstd < 0, it is believed that user is not fully complete operation；
As Cact-Cstd=0 and n-N=0, it is believed that user can oneself judge to have completed operation；
As Cact-Cstd=0 and n-N < 0, it is believed that user nevertheless attempts to operation after operation completes, illustrate that feedback information is not enough；
As Cact-Cstd < 0 and n-N=0, it is believed that user employs the function of mistake because not understanding task concept or command object concept, belongs to targeted transformation and makes mistakes；
As Cact-Estd < 0, it is believed that user can not find functional entrance；
As Cact-Estd=0 and Efi=0 or as Cact-Estd=0 and Eti< 100, it is believed that user cannot the position at discovery feature order place；Wherein, EfiRepresent that the region-of-interest that icon object number is i is watched attentively to count；EtiRepresent the region-of-interest average fixation time that icon object number is i；
As Cact-Estd=0 and Efi> 0 or as Cact-Estd=0 and Eti> 100, it is believed that user does not understand icon/functional meaning；
Work as Cact-Estd > 0 and Efi> 0 and Eti< 100, it is believed that user understands icon/functional meaning, carry out next step operation；
Work as Cact-Estd > 0 and Efj=0 or work as Cact-Estd > 0 and Etj< 100, it is believed that user can not find next step operation；Wherein, EfjRepresent that the region-of-interest that operational order object number is j is watched attentively to count, EtjRepresent the region-of-interest average fixation time that operational order object number is j；
Work as Cact-Estd > 0 and Efj> 0 or work as Cact-Estd > 0 and Etj> 100, it is believed that user does not understand operational order。
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| CN110740211A (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2020-01-31 | 浙江大学 | Non-interference type danger early warning method based on traveling state perception and concentration degree perception |
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| CN110704292B (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2020-11-03 | 中国人民解放军海军大连舰艇学院 | Evaluation method for display control interface design |
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| CN116893953A (en) * | 2023-09-11 | 2023-10-17 | 深圳联友科技有限公司 | Eye movement tracking-based interface usability assessment method and system |
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