CN114881824A - Assembly process physicochemical design method based on user cognition - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to an assembly process expression design method for assisting manual assembly, in particular to an assembly process physicochemical design method based on cognitive difference between individuals of assembly users. The method comprises the steps of firstly, analyzing user process cognitive differences and mining requirement rules of the user process cognitive differences, determining user requirement characteristics of an assembly process, carrying out physicochemical design on the assembly process based on the user requirement characteristics, establishing an assembly process physicochemical instruction library, and pushing an auxiliary guide assembly prototype system for the physicochemical process instructions to carry out theoretical and data support; secondly, an association relation between the user individual and the physicochemical process is built, a physicochemical process instruction push auxiliary guide assembly prototype system based on the user cognitive difference is developed, and the verification of the usability and the applicability of the assembly process physicochemical design method based on the user cognition is completed. Therefore, the assembly guide system can push the assembly guide instruction information matched with the cognitive level of the assembly process according to the requirements of assembly workers, and the cognitive pressure of the assembly workers is accurately reduced, so that the assembly efficiency and the assembly quality of the manual assembly process of complex and important products can be further improved.
Description
Field of the invention
The invention relates to an assembly process expression design method for assisting manual assembly, in particular to an assembly process physicochemical design method based on cognitive difference between assembly user individuals, which can be used for assisting a guide assembly system. The invention relates to a user cognitive psychology knowledge theory, a multimedia technology, an augmented reality technology and the like.
Technical Field
Under the background of the era of intelligent manufacturing, digitalized, informationized and intelligentized high-performance assembly of important complex products such as aircraft engines and the like causes extensive research of scholars at home and abroad. The digital model information and the assembly site are fused in the manual assembly process of the major products by utilizing the technologies of multimedia digitization, three-dimensional visualization, augmented reality and the like, and the assembly guide information is displayed more visually and accurately, so that the problems of high error rate, low efficiency and the like in the manual assembly process are solved more efficiently. The novel auxiliary assembly technical method can completely display the assembly process instruction information on an assembly site, the content expression mode is more and more visual and vivid, but the applicability on the assembly site is not strong, the assembly is guided by the aid of the multimedia three-dimensional animation electronic display screen to be separated from the assembly operation process of workers on the assembly site, the assembling workers use the augmented reality glasses to operate, the wearing discomfort occurs, the attention of the experienced assembling workers is interfered by the assembly guidance information, and the like.
The inventor finds that the following defects still exist mainly in the process of guiding assembly assisted by display technologies such as multimedia digitization, three-dimensional stereoscopic display, augmented reality and the like at present:
the problem of guiding scheme singleness exists in the assembly guiding process, the existing assembly guiding system faces all assembly workers, the same assembly guiding scheme is adopted in the assembly operation process, the assembly guiding scheme comprises assembly process instruction information expression content and form, but experience levels of assembly worker groups are different, familiarity of assembly workers with different experience levels on an assembly process and an assembly task is different, the assembly guiding scheme matched with the assembly workers is not made according to requirements of the assembly workers with different experience levels, the reading and understanding of part of assembly operators on the assembly guiding information can be influenced, and the problem of poor applicability of the assembly guiding system occurs.
The above problems restrict the development of the auxiliary guiding technology in the field of assembly of complex and important products, so that the efficiency and quality of the assembly guiding mode cannot achieve the expected ideal effect. Under the condition that the assembly process instruction information expression is seriously inconsistent with the requirements of assembly workers, the condition that the auxiliary guide efficiency based on the technologies of multimedia digital, three-dimensional, augmented reality and the like is not higher than the guide efficiency of the traditional drawing assembly process manual can even occur. In order to improve the applicability of the assembly field guidance process instruction information, it is an important task to make a targeted assembly process instruction expression design aiming at the assembly guidance display information.
Disclosure of the invention
Aiming at the problems of single mode, weak emphasis, weak pertinence and the like of the existing auxiliary guide assembly process information, the invention provides an assembly process physicochemical design method based on the cognitive difference between users and individuals. Firstly, determining the user demand characteristics of the assembly process by analyzing the cognitive difference of the user process and mining the demand rule of the user process, carrying out physicochemical design on the assembly process based on the user demand characteristics, establishing an assembly process physicochemical instruction library, and pushing an auxiliary guide assembly prototype system for the physicochemical process instruction to make theoretical and data support; and secondly, establishing an association relation between the user individuals and the physicochemical process, developing a physicochemical process instruction push auxiliary guide assembly prototype system based on the user cognition difference, and completing verification of the usability and the applicability of the assembly process physicochemical design method based on the user cognition. Therefore, the assembly guide system can push the assembly guide instruction information matched with the cognitive level of the assembly process according to the requirements of assembly workers, and the cognitive pressure of the assembly workers is accurately reduced, so that the assembly efficiency and the assembly quality of the manual assembly process of complex and important products can be further improved.
In order to improve the applicability of an auxiliary guide assembly system in an assembly field, the invention provides an assembly process materialization design method based on user cognition. The method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: the user assembles the guided interactive experimental design. Comparing the cognitive difference of the user individuals on the assembly process by means of a user interaction experimental method, knowing the expression requirement of the user individuals on the assembly process, developing experimental design for the cognitive difference prediction factors of the user process by using the experience level of the user and the expression mode of the assembly process, and dividing the experimental design into 5 steps:
step 1.1: the experience level of the user is divided into 2 types of novice users and experience users, and the expression mode of the assembly process is divided into 4 types of characters, pictures, animations and videos;
step 1.2: selecting an experimental assembly task, determining an assembly key point as a basis for judging the assembly correctness, and expressing the assembly process of the assembly task in the 4 ways to guide the assembly of a user;
step 1.3: and (3) taking a multi-factor repeated measurement experiment as an experimental model to design an experimental group. The influence of the user experience level is researched through inter-group design, and the influence of the assembly process instruction expression mode is researched through an inter-group design method;
step 1.4: designing user behavior observation and recording methods, NASA-TLX questionnaires, interest tendency questionnaires and deep interview contents in the experimental process;
step 1.5: designing a user assembly guide interaction experiment implementation process, wherein the process comprises the following steps: 1) testing the user experience experiment in advance; 2) recruitment, grouping and training of participants; 3) the user experiences the experimental assembly process and records; 4) filling in a user experience experiment questionnaire; 5) the user experiences an experiment deep interview; 6) data arrangement and induction;
step 2: the user assembly guides the interactive experimental implementation. According to the step 1.5 of the experimental process, users with different experience levels carry out assembly interactive experience experiments, and experimental task data completed by the users are obtained from 5 aspects of assembly time, assembly accuracy, assembly load interest tendency and subjective feeling of the users for completing the assembly experimental task experiments. In the experiment implementation process, objective performances of the assembling user on assembling time, assembling accuracy and operation behaviors in the assembling process are obtained through user behavior observation and recording; quantitatively evaluating the assembly load of an assembly user in the assembly process through a NASA-TLX questionnaire; acquiring the preference of an assembly user to a process expression mode and subjective experience feelings such as experience, expectation and the like of the assembly user to assembly process instruction expression through an interest tendency questionnaire and a depth interview;
and step 3: and (4) guiding interactive experimental data analysis by user assembly. Analyzing the cognitive difference of users with different experience levels on the guidance process instruction by adopting a repeated test analysis model, and mainly analyzing the performances of 2 experience level users under the conditions of 4 process instruction expression modes, namely, the subjective and objective data analysis on the aspects of the assembly time, the assembly accuracy, the assembly load, the interest tendency and the experience feeling of the assembly users for completing the experiment task; mainly comprises 3 steps:
step 3.1: analyzing whether significant differences exist in the aspects of assembly time, assembly accuracy, assembly load and interest tendency of users with different experience levels by using different assembly guide expression modes based on the experimental data acquired in the step 2 and using a general linear repeated measurement data analysis model by using the SPSS;
step 3.2: comparing the error average values of the subjective and objective data of the assembly time, the assembly accuracy and the assembly load obtained in the step 2 by two comparison modes, namely comparing the performance of 2 users with different experience levels under the condition that the expression modes of 4 assembly process instructions guide assembly respectively and comparing the performance of 2 users with experience levels under the condition that the expression modes of the same assembly process instructions guide assembly respectively; meanwhile, in the aspect of interest tendency selection, the times of selecting expression mode tendency by 2 experience level users are compared;
step 3.3: through the analysis and comparison results of the step 3.1 and the step 3.2, the order of the novice user and the experienced user for guiding the assembly effect to the 4 expression modes is obtained in the aspects of assembly time, assembly accuracy, assembly load and interest tendency; in terms of assembly time, the expression mode with shorter assembly guiding time is more advanced, in terms of assembly accuracy, the expression mode with higher assembly guiding accuracy is more advanced, in terms of assembly load, the expression mode with lower assembly guiding load is more advanced, and in terms of interest tendency, the expression mode tendency is more advanced as the times of selection are more advanced; in the above 4 aspects, when users with different experience levels use different assembly guide expression modes to have significant differences, the order of guide assembly effects of the novice user and the experience user on the 4 expression modes is different, otherwise, the ordering is the same;
and 4, step 4: and (4) performing demand analysis on the guide process instruction by user assembly. Based on the results obtained in the step 3.3 and the experience of the user, the requirements of novice users and experience users on the information quantity and the intuition and vividness of the process instruction expression are analyzed, and the method is divided into the following 3 steps:
step 4.1: the assembling accuracy and the assembling time are important factors influencing the assembling efficiency, and according to the characteristics of the experience level of a user, a novice user firstly refers to the performance result in the assembling accuracy, and an experience user firstly refers to the performance result in the assembling time;
step 4.2: the method has the advantages that the participating users can score the information quantity and the visual vividness of the 4 expression modes, so that the 4 expression modes can be controlled in size in the aspect of the information quantity, and the visual vividness of videos and animations is strongest in the aspect of the visual vividness; the second picture, the weakest character;
step 4.3: the requirements of two experience level users on the information quantity expressed by the process instruction and the intuition and vividness are analyzed by combining the experience of the users, so that the information quantity expressed by the process instruction is required to be larger by novice users, and the intuition and vividness requirements of the content are also stronger; the information quantity and intuition of process instruction guiding required by an experienced user in the assembling process are relatively reduced, and are related to the familiarity of the user on the assembling operation and the preference of the user, and the requirement rule that the less the information quantity, the more concise the information quantity and the better the information quantity is not;
and 5: and constructing an assembly user portrait based on the rule of the assembly process required by the assembly users with different experience levels. The user group is layered according to the familiarity of an assembly operator to the assembly operation, the user interest tendency is described comprehensively, the construction of the portrait of the assembly process user is completed, and the requirement characteristics of users of different levels on the assembly process instruction expression are determined according to the selection of the portrait of the user from three aspects of information quantity, intuitive vividness of content expression and interest tendency.
Step 6: based on the requirement characteristics of each level assembly user on the process instruction expression in the step 5, the method combines the assembly process expression mode evaluation in the step 4.2 to obtain the assembly knowledge and develop the physicochemical design of the assembly process, and the method is divided into 2 steps:
step 6.1: acquiring assembly knowledge as an assembly process materialization design object-oriented method by methods such as an assembly process manual and assembly field teaching;
step 6.2: according to the visual language presentation correlation principle, designing corresponding assembly process materialization instructions for the demand characteristics of users facing different levels in the step 5 on the assembly process instruction expression by combining the assembly process expression mode evaluation result in the step 4.2, and constructing an assembly process materialization instruction library;
and 7: and constructing the association relationship between the user individual and the physicochemical process. Matching user process demand characteristics corresponding to the individual users by designing a user level test, evaluation and division scheme so as to be associated with the assembly process materialization instruction in the step 6.2;
and step 8: and establishing a physical and chemical process instruction push prototype system. Based on a system development framework and the theoretical guidance of the incidence relation between the user individual and the physicochemical process, the materialized process instruction pushing system platform is built from the two aspects of virtual environment and physical environment, and the verification of the usability and the applicability of the assembling process materialized design method based on the user cognition is completed.
Compared with the assembly instruction information presented under the existing auxiliary guide assembly technology, the invention has the main advantages that: according to the invention, through an assembly process physicochemical design method for analyzing the cognitive difference between the individual users, an assembly process user demand characteristic model is constructed, and the assembly process is subjected to physicochemical design, so that an assembly process physicochemical instruction library is established. The assembling guide instruction information matched with the cognitive level of the assembling process is pushed by a development materialization process instruction push prototype system according to the requirements of assembling workers, the problems that the existing assembling guide instruction information is inaccurate in description, incomplete, single in guide scheme and the like are solved, the assembling users are used as the center, the cognitive pressure of the assembling field workers on the guide instruction information is relieved in a more accurate mode, the applicability of the assembling guide system is improved, and a solution is provided for further improving the assembling efficiency and the assembling quality of the manual assembling process of complex and heavy products.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a user-cognition based assembly process design strategy;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of user demand analysis for an assembly process;
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing user cognitive differences in an assembly process;
FIG. 4 is a multimedia presentation evaluation;
FIG. 5 is an assembly process user demand signature;
FIG. 6 is a design process for the assembly process;
FIG. 7 is assembly process knowledge acquisition;
FIG. 8 is a visual language presentation correlation principle;
FIG. 9 is an example of a materialized instruction library for an assembly process of a low-pressure turbine rotor blade of an aircraft engine;
FIG. 10 is an association between individual users and a materialization process;
FIG. 11 is a development framework of a materialized process instruction push prototype system;
FIG. 12 is a materialization process instruction pushing system platform set up.
8. Examples of the embodiments
The invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments and drawings in which:
in the embodiment, taking a guide system for assisting the assembly of the low-pressure turbine rotor blade of the aero-engine as an example, the physicochemical design method of the assembly process based on user cognition adopts the following steps:
as shown in fig. 1, in an assembly process materialization design scheme for assisting guidance of an assembly system based on user cognition, firstly, analysis of user process cognition difference and mining of demand rules are completed through a user experience experiment; then, combining a user portrait construction method to further construct the expression demand characteristics of the user individuals on the process instruction information; then, based on the user process demand characteristics, physicochemical design is carried out by combining methods of acquisition of process knowledge, physicochemical expression evaluation, visual presentation design and the like; the method comprises the steps of constructing an association relation between a user individual and a physicochemical process, completing a physicochemical process instruction pushing scheme design, completing the construction and deployment of a prototype system from two aspects of software and hardware, and realizing the on-demand pushing of the physicochemical instructions of the assembly process. The method comprises the following steps:
step 1: as shown in fig. 2, a user-assembled guided interaction experiment was designed. The experimental design is developed for the prediction factor of the cognitive difference of the user process by using the experience level of the user and the expression mode of the assembly process, and the specific steps are as follows:
step 1.1: the experience level of the user is divided into 2 types of novice users and experience users, and the expression mode of the assembly process is divided into 4 types of characters, pictures, animations and videos;
step 1.2: taking the assembly process of the secondary blade of the low-pressure turbine rotor of the aircraft engine as an example, determining step 4 and step 5 of the process as experimental assembly tasks (a laboratory assembly model is constructed according to the characteristics of an assembly object), and determining assembly key points as the basis for judging the assembly correctness. Meanwhile, the assembly process of the assembly task is expressed in the 4 ways so as to guide the assembly of the user;
step 1.3: as shown in table 1, the multi-factor repeated measurement experiment was used as an experimental model to perform experimental group design, including both inter-group design components and intra-group design components, and the user experience level analysis was based on rows. The influence of the user experience level was analyzed by comparing conditions 1 and 5, 2 and 6, 3 and 7, 4 and 8, respectively, and the influence of the assembly-directed expression pattern was analyzed by comparing conditions 1, 2, 3 and 4, and conditions 5, 6, 7, and 8. As shown in table 2, latin square balance was used to perform the experimental sequence grouping treatment, avoiding learning effects and fatigue effects during the experiment;
step 1.4: observing and recording the user behavior through recording the experiment process; designing a NASA-TLX questionnaire and an interest tendency questionnaire, which are shown in appendix 1 and appendix 2; the depth interview problem mainly develops around experience feeling of using four assembly process instruction expression modes to guide the process of completing the assembly task;
step 1.5: designing a user assembly guide interaction experiment implementation process, wherein the process comprises the following steps: 1) testing the user experience experiment in advance; 2) recruitment, grouping and training of participants; 3) the user experiences the experiment assembly process and records; 4) filling in a user experience experiment questionnaire; 5) the user experiences an experiment deep interview; 6) data arrangement and induction;
step 2: the user assembly guides the interactive experimental implementation. And (4) according to the step 1.5 of the experimental process, enabling users with different experience levels to carry out assembly interactive experience experiments. The method comprises the following specific steps:
step 2.1: the user experience experiment was tested in advance. Finding two students with aviation knowledge background at school to test the user experience experiment in advance, finding out the experimental leak and problem, and modifying in time;
step 2.2: and (5) recruiting, grouping and training the participants. A total of 32 participants were recruited. The enrollment was randomly divided into two groups, 16 for each, one for novice users (after post-training, to become novice users), and one for experienced users (as above), and the assembly task was completed under 4 conditions of assembly-guided expression (see step 1.3 for sequence of conditions). 2 users with an assembly experience level were obtained by controlling the training duration of the test participants. Related components and processes of installing the secondary rotor blade and the like (a physical field, a paperless version manual) are simply introduced to a novice user group, and the introduction time is 5-10 minutes, so that the novice user group can roughly know the assembly process; and the experienced user group intensively trains the basic knowledge of the whole blade assembly and the assembly process for 30-40 minutes by adopting a traditional paper assembly manual and a real object on-site experience guidance mode.
Step 2.3: the user experiences the experimental assembly process and the recording. In the trial assembly process, an experiment auxiliary worker records the whole process of completing the assembly task of the trial assembly worker so as to record the trial assembly operation time, action and behavior.
Step 2.4: user experience test questionnaire fill-in. Every time the assembling task under the condition of one assembling process instruction expression mode is completed, a reference person fills in a NASA-TLX questionnaire, and after all 4 conditions are completed, a questionnaire for ordering the interest tendency of the assembling process instruction expression mode is filled in, namely, each person needs to fill in 5 times of questionnaires. The tested person takes 2 minutes of rest after finishing the assembly task under the condition of the assembly guidance expression mode every time so as to relieve fatigue.
Step 2.5: the user experiences an experimental interview. After the assembly task is completed, the assembly users are subjected to deep interview, in the process, interviewers record experience statements of the assembly users, and the interviewers record the whole process, so that follow-up arrangement is facilitated.
Step 2.6: and (5) sorting and summarizing data. After the experiment, the correctness of the assembling operation of the tested person is judged according to the key point of the assembling task, the time (which is performed in the experimental data record table) of the tested person for completing the assembling task under each assembling guidance expression mode is recorded, and the interview record is sorted and summarized.
And step 3: as shown in fig. 2, the user assembly guides the interactive experimental data analysis. Analyzing the cognitive difference of users with different experience levels on the guidance process instruction by adopting a repeated test analysis model, and mainly analyzing the performances of 2 experience level users under the conditions of 4 process instruction expression modes, namely, the subjective and objective data analysis on the aspects of the assembly time, the assembly accuracy, the assembly load, the interest tendency and the experience feeling of the assembly users for completing the experiment task; mainly comprises 3 steps:
step 3.1: analyzing whether significant differences exist in the aspects of assembly time, assembly accuracy, assembly load and interest tendency of users with different experience levels by using different assembly guide expression modes based on the experimental data acquired in the step 2 and using a general linear repeated measurement data analysis model by using the SPSS;
step 3.2: comparing the error average values of the subjective and objective data of the assembly time, the assembly accuracy and the assembly load obtained in the step 2 by two comparison modes, namely comparing the performance of 2 users with different experience levels under the condition that the expression modes of 4 assembly process instructions guide assembly respectively and comparing the performance of 2 users with experience levels under the condition that the expression modes of the same assembly process instructions guide assembly respectively; meanwhile, in the aspect of interest tendency selection, the times of selecting expression mode tendency by 2 experience level users are compared;
step 3.3: through the analysis and comparison of the step 3.1 and the step 3.2, the order of guiding the assembly effect of the novice user and the experienced user to the 4 expression modes is obtained in the aspects of assembly time, assembly accuracy, assembly load and interest tendency, respectively, as shown in fig. 3;
and 4, step 4: and (4) carrying out process instruction requirement analysis by user assembly. Based on the results obtained in the step 3.3 and the experience of the user, the requirements of novice users and experienced users on the information quantity and intuition and vividness of the process instruction expression are analyzed, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 4.1: the assembling accuracy and the assembling time are important factors influencing the assembling efficiency, and according to the characteristics of the experience level of a user, a novice user firstly refers to the performance result in the assembling accuracy, and an experience user firstly refers to the performance result in the assembling time;
step 4.2: as shown in fig. 4, scoring is performed according to the information amount and the intuitive vividness of the participating users for the 4 expression modes, so that the 4 expression modes can be controlled in size in the aspect of the information amount, and the video and the animation are strongest in the intuitive vividness in the aspect of the intuitive vividness; the second picture, the weakest character;
step 4.3: the requirements of two experience level users on the information quantity expressed by the process instruction and the intuition and vividness are analyzed by combining the experience of the users, so that the information quantity expressed by the process instruction is required to be larger by novice users, and the intuition and vividness requirements of the content are also stronger; the information quantity and intuition of process instruction guiding required by an experienced user in the assembling process are relatively reduced, and are related to the familiarity of the user to the assembling operation and the preference of the user, but are not the demand rule that the less the information quantity, the more concise the information quantity and the better the information quantity;
and 5: and constructing an assembly user portrait based on the rule of the assembly process required by the assembly users with different experience levels. The user group is layered according to the familiarity of the assembly operators to the assembly operation, the familiarity to the assembly operation is divided into low, medium and high, and the assembly user group is further divided into three assembly user levels of first, medium and high. Describing the user interest tendency comprehensively, and completing the construction of the portrait of three assembly user levels, which is shown in appendix 3; and determining the requirement characteristics of the users at different levels on the assembly process instruction expression from three aspects of information quantity, intuitive vividness and interest tendency, as shown in FIG. 5.
Step 6: as shown in fig. 6, based on the requirement characteristics of the assembly users on the process instruction expression at each level in step 5, the assembly knowledge is acquired and the physicochemical design of the assembly process is developed by combining the evaluation of the assembly process expression mode in step 4.2, and the specific steps are as follows:
step 6.1: as shown in fig. 7, the assembly knowledge is acquired by methods such as an assembly process manual and assembly site teaching, and is used as an object-oriented design of the assembly process materialization;
step 6.2: according to the principles of sensory property, functionality, relevance and the like presented by visual language, as shown in fig. 8, for the demand characteristics of users facing different levels in the step 5 on the expression of the assembly process instruction, the corresponding assembly process materialized instruction is designed by combining the evaluation result of the assembly process expression mode in the step 4.2, and an assembly process materialized instruction library is constructed as shown in fig. 9;
and 7: as shown in FIG. 10, the association relationship between the user individuals and the materialization process is constructed. And designing a user level test, evaluation and division scheme. The method comprises the following steps of carrying out investigation test and evaluation on an assembly operation user in a mode of marking questions and answers from three aspects of understanding of an assembly process knowledge by an assembly operator, proficiency degree of an assembly operation process and on-duty assembly time, and referring to appendix 4; and performing assembly grading and characteristic determination according to the obtained scores through testing. The test score is less than 70% of the total score, and the test score is divided into primary assembly users; the test score is 70% -90% of the total score, and the test score is divided into medium-grade assembly users; the test score is more than 90% of the total score, the test score is divided into high-grade assembly users, and the user process demand characteristics corresponding to the individual users are matched, so that the test score is associated with the assembly process materialization instruction in the step 6.2;
and 8: and establishing a physical and chemical process instruction push prototype system. As shown in fig. 11, based on a system development framework and the theoretical guidance of the association relationship between the user individual and the physicochemical process, the materialized process instruction push system platform is built from both virtual and physical environments, as shown in fig. 12, and the verification of the usability and applicability of the assembly process materialized design method based on the user cognition is completed.
Table 1 experimental group design
Table 2 experimental sequence group treatment
The 4 appendix files used in this example are as follows:
appendix 1: NASA-TLX questionnaire
NASA-TLX questionnaire design
A first part:
please mark on six scales according to the situation of the self-assembly task execution process.
1. The mental demand: how do you think of how are the requirements for cardiac and cognitive activity that are guided by this assembly?
2. Physical strength requirement: how do you think of the physical activity requirements using this assembly-guided expression?
3. Time requirement: do you think that there is time pressure felt using this assembly-guided expression during the task completion?
4. Personal performance: do you think you finish a task by himself using this assembly-guided expression?
5. The degree of effort: how much effort is spent in the completion process to achieve how well you just self-rated their performance?
6. Degree of frustration: do you frustrate throughout the task using this assembly-guided expression?
A second part:
in the following 15 groups, every two items were compared, and one of the two items in each group, which had the greatest effect on task completion performance, was selected.
7. In the assembly guidance expression mode, the reason why the influence on the task completion achievement is large is that
A. Mental demand
B. Physical demands
8. In the assembly guidance expression mode, the reason why the influence on the task completion achievement is large is that
A. Time requirement
B. Degree of frustration
9. In the assembly guidance expression mode, the reason why the influence on the task completion achievement is large is that
A. Degree of effort
B. Personal performance
10. In the assembly guidance expression mode, the reason why the influence on the task completion achievement is large is that
A. Degree of effort
B. Physical demands
11. In the assembly guidance expression mode, the reason why the influence on the task completion achievement is large is that
A. Mental demand
B. Degree of frustration
12. In the assembly guidance expression mode, the reason why the influence on the task completion achievement is large is that
A. Physical demands
B. Time requirement
13. In the assembly guidance expression mode, the reason why the influence on the task completion achievement is large is that
A. Personal performance
B. Physical demands
14. In the assembly guidance expression mode, the reason why the influence on the task completion achievement is large is that
A. Mental demand
B. Degree of effort
15. In the assembly guidance expression mode, the reason why the influence on the task completion achievement is large is that
A. Degree of frustration
B. Physical demands
16. In the assembly guidance expression mode, the reason why the influence on the task completion achievement is large is that
A. Time requirement
B. Personal performance
17. In the assembly guidance expression mode, the reason why the influence on the task completion achievement is large is that
A. Degree of effort
B. Time requirement
18. Under the assembly guide expression mode, you think that the influence on task completion performance is large
A. Time requirement
B. Mental demand
19. In the assembly guidance expression mode, the reason why the influence on the task completion achievement is large is that
A. Personal performance
B. Mental demand
20. In the assembly guidance expression mode, the reason why the influence on the task completion achievement is large is that
A. Degree of frustration
B. Personal performance
21. In the assembly guidance expression mode, the reason why the influence on the task completion achievement is large is that
A. Degree of effort
B. Degree of frustration
22. User of which hierarchy you belong to
A. Novice user
B. Experienced user
23. The assembly guide expression mode used for the time is
A. Text
B. Picture frame
C. Animation system
D. Video
Appendix 2: interest tendency questionnaire
Assemble-guided expression Pattern interest tendency questionnaire design
1. Your user hierarchy is:
A. novice user
B. Experienced user
2. At your current assembly level, please rank the following 4 expressions according to the assembly guidance experience?
A. Text
B. Picture frame
C. Animation system
D. Video
Appendix 3: assembling user representation construction
TABLE 1 user representation-Primary Assembly user
TABLE 2 user representation-intermediate Assembly user
TABLE 3 user representation-advanced Assembly user
Appendix 4: assembly user level test question
Evaluation of experience level of aircraft engine low-pressure turbine rotor blade assembly operator
Asking you to answer with their own actual situation seriously
1. Do you learn about the assembly process of an aircraft engine rotor blade?
A. Very little knowledge (score: 6)
B. There is a relevant understanding, but not a very clear understanding (score: 8)
C. The relevant knowledge is very much known (score value: 10)
2. Do you know that the assembly of the rotor blade is divided into several stages?
A. First order (score: 0)
B. Second level (score: 0)
C. Three-stage (score: 5)
D. Not known (score: 0)
3. Do you know that the next stage of blades should be installed during the assembly of the rotor blades?
A. Level one (score: 0)
B. Second level (score value: 5)
C. Three levels (score: 0)
D. Not known (score: 0)
4. Do you know which parts, accessories, tooling, etc. will be involved in the rotor blade assembly?
A. Unclear (score: 0)
B. Rotor component (score 1)
C. Blade (score 1)
D. Collar assembly (score 1)
E. Grid protective sleeve (score 1)
F. Shoulder protecting pad (score 1)
G. Cleaning cloth (score: 0.5)
H. Carframe (score: 0.5)
I. Nylon hammer (score 1)
J. Nylon rod (score 1)
K. Aluminum bar (score 1)
L, toothpick (score: 0.5)
M, sign pen (score 0.5)
5. Do you know how should the collar assembly be removed during assembly of the secondary blade?
A. The collar assembly is removed directly by hand (score: 0)
B. Knock down the boss of the collar with a sign pen (score: 5)
C. The aluminum bar is padded on a boss of the closing ring assembly, the aluminum bar is knocked by a nylon hammer to disassemble and take off the closing ring assembly (score: 5)
D. Not known (score: 0)
6. You know which parts of the components need to be protected when assembling the blade?
A. Disk hub grate (score value: 5)
B. Collar boss (score: 0)
C. Blade shoulder root (score: 5)
D. Not known (score: 0)
7. How should you know how should the first blade be positioned during blade assembly?
A. A disk slot is randomly set as a starting point, and a blade is inserted into the disk slot at the arrow position of the blade weight vector diagram (score: 0)
B. The arrow position of the blade weight vector diagram is arranged at the marked unbalanced light point position of the second-level disc edge (score value: 10)
C. Not known (score: 0)
8. How should the blades be placed during the placement of the secondary blades?
A. According to the number of the leaf marks, the leaves are sequentially and clockwise inserted into the corresponding disc slots until the leaves are completely inserted (score value: 0)
B. According to the number of the leaf marks, the leaves are randomly and completely inserted into the corresponding disc slots until the leaves are completely inserted (score value: 0)
C. Inserting the blade portion into the corresponding disc slot, and then installing the next blade according to the blade mark number clockwise in the same manner until the completion of the setting (score: 10)
D. Not known (score: 0)
9. How should you know in detail how should you operate during the loading of the blade into the disk slot?
A. The nylon rod is padded on the vane edge plate, the nylon hammer is used for knocking the nylon rod to assemble the vane (score: 5)
B. Assembling the blade with nylon hammer striking the blade edge plate (score: 0)
C. Not known (score: 0)
10. When you know to install the second stage rotor blade:
A. the second-stage rotor blades are assembled integrally, and convex shoulders of adjacent blades are easy to interfere and should be assembled slowly (score: 10)
B. The second stage rotor blades are not integrally assembled, and adjacent blades do not interfere without slow assembly (score: 0)
C. Not known (score: 0)
11. You know how should the collar assembly fit into the secondary disk slot after the secondary disk blade has fully entered the disk slot?
A. After the retainer ring is ensured to be flawless, the retainer ring is sequentially and completely arranged in the clamping groove, a nylon hammer is used for knocking the boss of the retainer ring to ensure that the retainer ring is assembled in the clamping groove at the front end of the secondary plate edge (score: 0)
B. After ensuring that the retainer ring is flawless, firstly, a boss at one end of the retainer ring is tightly attached to a clamping groove stop surface, the retainer ring is completely arranged in the clamping groove in sequence, an aluminum bar is padded on the boss at one end of the retainer ring, a nylon hammer is used for knocking the aluminum bar, and the aluminum bar is assembled in the clamping groove at the front end of the secondary plate edge (score value: 10)
C. All are wrong (score: 0)
D. Not known (score: 0)
12. You think that when all the blades enter the disk groove, the clamping ring assembly is assembled in the clamping groove at the front end of the secondary disk edge, and then the clamping ring assembly can be sent to a balance group for dynamic balance detection
A. Correct (score: 0)
B. Error (score value: 5)
C. Not known (score: 0)
13. For blade assembly, you probably have assembly man-hours?
A. Less than 30 minutes (score: 30)
B. 30-60 minutes (score: 40)
C. More than 60 minutes (score: 50)
14. If you now do you complete the assembly of a single-stage blade you need:
A. require detailed assistance guidance data prompting (score value: 30)
B. Only needs a small amount of auxiliary guidance data to prompt (score: 40)
C. It can be completed quickly and independently without learning or prompting data (score: 50).
Claims (1)
1. A physicochemical design method of an assembly process based on user cognition is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: assembling and guiding interactive experimental design by a user; comparing the cognitive difference of the user individuals on the assembly process by means of a user interaction experimental method, knowing the expression requirement of the user individuals on the assembly process, developing an experimental design for the cognitive difference prediction factors of the user process by using the experience level of the user and the expression mode of the assembly process, and dividing the experimental design into 5 sub-steps:
step 1.1: the experience level of the user is divided into 2 types of novice users and experience users, and the expression mode of the assembly process is divided into 4 types of characters, pictures, animations and videos;
step 1.2: selecting an experimental assembly task, determining an assembly key point as a basis for judging the assembly correctness, and expressing the assembly process of the assembly task in the 4 ways to guide the assembly of a user;
step 1.3: taking a multi-factor repeated measurement experiment as an experiment model, and carrying out experiment group design; the influence of the user experience level is researched through inter-group design, and the influence of the assembly process instruction expression mode is researched through an inter-group design method;
step 1.4: designing user behavior observation and recording methods, NASA-TLX questionnaires, interest tendency questionnaires and deep interview contents in the experimental process;
step 1.5: designing a user assembly guide interaction experiment implementation process, wherein the process comprises the following steps: 1) testing the user experience experiment in advance; 2) recruitment, grouping and training of participants; 3) the user experiences the experimental assembly process and records; 4) filling in a user experience experiment questionnaire; 5) the user experiences an experiment deep interview; 6) data arrangement and induction;
step 2: assembling and guiding interactive experiments by a user; according to the step 1.5 of the experimental process, users with different experience levels carry out assembly interactive experience experiments, and experimental task data completed by the users are obtained from 5 aspects of assembly time, assembly accuracy, assembly load interest tendency and subjective feeling of the users for completing the assembly experimental task experiments; in the experiment implementation process, objective performances of the assembling user on assembling time, assembling accuracy and operation behaviors in the assembling process are obtained through user behavior observation and recording; quantitatively evaluating the assembly load of an assembly user in the assembly process through a NASA-TLX questionnaire; acquiring the preference of an assembly user to a process expression mode and the experience of the assembly user to the assembly process instruction expression through an interest tendency questionnaire and a depth interview;
and step 3: assembling guide interaction experiment data analysis by a user; analyzing the cognitive difference of users with different experience levels on the guidance process instruction by adopting a repeated test analysis model, and mainly analyzing the performances of 2 experience level users under the conditions of 4 process instruction expression modes, namely, the subjective and objective data analysis on the aspects of the assembly time, the assembly accuracy, the assembly load, the interest tendency and the experience feeling of the assembly users for completing the experiment task; mainly comprises 3 sub-steps:
step 3.1: analyzing whether significant differences exist in the aspects of assembly time, assembly accuracy, assembly load and interest tendency of users with different experience levels by using different assembly guide expression modes based on the experimental data acquired in the step 2 and using a general linear repeated measurement data analysis model by using the SPSS;
step 3.2: comparing the error average values of the subjective and objective data of the assembly time, the assembly accuracy and the assembly load obtained in the step 2 by two comparison modes, namely comparing the performance of 2 users with different experience levels under the condition that the expression modes of 4 assembly process instructions guide assembly respectively and comparing the performance of 2 users with experience levels under the condition that the expression modes of the same assembly process instructions guide assembly respectively; meanwhile, in the aspect of interest tendency selection, the times of selecting expression mode tendency by 2 experience level users are compared;
step 3.3: through the analysis and comparison results of the step 3.1 and the step 3.2, the order of the novice user and the experienced user for guiding the assembly effect to the 4 expression modes is obtained in the aspects of assembly time, assembly accuracy, assembly load and interest tendency; in terms of assembly time, the expression mode with shorter assembly guiding time is more advanced, in terms of assembly accuracy, the expression mode with higher assembly guiding accuracy is more advanced, in terms of assembly load, the expression mode with lower assembly guiding load is more advanced, and in terms of interest tendency, the expression mode tendency is more advanced as the times of selection are more advanced; in the above 4 aspects, when users with different experience levels use different assembly guide expression modes to have significant differences, the order of guide assembly effects of the novice user and the experience user on the 4 expression modes is different, otherwise, the ordering is the same;
and 4, step 4: analyzing the requirement of a user assembly guide process instruction; based on the results obtained in the step 3.3 and the experience of the user, the requirements of novice users and experience users on the information quantity and the intuitive vividness of the process instruction expression are analyzed, and the method is divided into the following 3 sub-steps:
step 4.1: the assembling accuracy and the assembling time are important factors influencing the assembling efficiency, and according to the characteristics of the experience level of a user, a novice user firstly refers to the performance result in the assembling accuracy, and an experience user firstly refers to the performance result in the assembling time;
step 4.2: the method has the advantages that the participating users can score the information quantity and the visual vividness of the 4 expression modes, so that the 4 expression modes can be controlled in size in the aspect of the information quantity, and the visual vividness of videos and animations is strongest in the aspect of the visual vividness; the second picture, the weakest text;
step 4.3: the requirements of two experience level users on the information quantity expressed by the process instruction and the intuition and vividness are analyzed by combining the experience of the users, so that the information quantity expressed by the process instruction is required to be larger by novice users, and the intuition and vividness requirements of the content are also stronger; the information quantity and intuition of process instruction guiding required by an experienced user in the assembling process are relatively reduced, and are related to the familiarity of the user on the assembling operation and the preference of the user, and the requirement rule that the less the information quantity, the more concise the information quantity and the better the information quantity is not;
and 5: constructing an assembly user portrait based on the rule of requirements of assembly users on assembly processes at different experience levels; layering the user group according to the familiarity of an assembly operator to the assembly operation, describing the user group by integrating the interest tendency of the user, completing the construction of the portrait of the assembly process user, and determining the requirement characteristics of the users of different levels on the expression of the assembly process instruction according to the selection of the portrait of the user from three aspects of information quantity, intuitive vividness of content expression and interest tendency;
step 6: based on the requirement characteristics of each level assembly user to the process instruction expression in the step 5, the evaluation is combined with the assembly process expression mode in the step 4.2, the assembly knowledge is obtained, and the physicochemical design of the assembly process is expanded, and the method is divided into 2 sub-steps:
step 6.1: acquiring assembly knowledge as an assembly process materialization design object-oriented method through an assembly process manual or an assembly field teaching method;
step 6.2: according to the visual language presentation correlation principle, designing corresponding assembly process materialization instructions for the demand characteristics of users facing different levels in the step 5 on the assembly process instruction expression by combining the assembly process expression mode evaluation result in the step 4.2, and constructing an assembly process materialization instruction library;
and 7: constructing an association relation between the user individual and the physicochemical process; matching user process demand characteristics corresponding to the individual users by designing a user level test, evaluation and division scheme so as to be associated with the assembly process materialization instruction in the step 6.2;
and step 8: establishing a physical and chemical process instruction push prototype system; based on a system development framework and the theoretical guidance of the incidence relation between the user individual and the physicochemical process, the materialized process instruction pushing system platform is built from the two aspects of virtual environment and physical environment, and the verification of the usability and the applicability of the assembling process materialized design method based on the user cognition is completed.
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| CN116737483B (en) * | 2023-08-11 | 2023-12-08 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Assembly test interaction method, device, equipment and storage medium |
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