CN105699155A - 肠黏膜脑源性神经营养因子bdnf标本的染色化学检测方法 - Google Patents
肠黏膜脑源性神经营养因子bdnf标本的染色化学检测方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种肠黏膜脑源性神经营养因子BDNF标本的染色化学检测方法,属于生化检验技术领域,该方法包括:(一)标本染色步骤:(二)标本染色后化学法检测步骤:a.石蜡切片脱腊及水化;b.抗原修复;c.清除内源性过氧化物酶活性;d.封闭;e.一抗孵育;f.二抗孵育;g.加入辣根酶标记链霉卵白素液,孵育30分钟;PBS洗涤洗5min×3次;h.DAB显色;i.细胞核复染;j.封片。该肠黏膜脑源性神经营养因子BDNF标本的染色化学检测方法有利于探讨STC患者肠黏膜BDNF的表达改变及与排便障碍的相关性,并观察STC患者肠黏膜神经纤维密度和超微结构的异常。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生化检验技术领域,具体地说是一种肠黏膜脑源性神经营养因子BDNF标本的染色化学检测方法。
背景技术
一般的,结肠慢传输型便秘(slowtransitconstipation,STC)是以结肠传输无力导致大便驻留时间延长为特点的顽固性便秘。有研究证实STC的发病与肠神经系统病变有关。脑源性神经营养因子(brain-derivedneurotrophicfactor,BDNF)是神经营养物质的一员,在神经系统的形态可塑性方面发挥重要的调节作用。近来研究发现,BDNF在肠神经系统、肠黏膜上皮和肠肌层均有表达。Lommatzseh,等通过原位杂交实验发现小鼠整个肠道内环肌和肠上皮组织BDNFmRNA有阳性表达。Boesmans等取膝鼠的回肠组织,在其肌间神经丛及粘膜下神经丛检测到有大量BDNF与其受体TrkB的表达,肠上皮组织亦有明显的BDNF表达。BDNF能促进神经元间连通结构的形成,在突触的成熟及可塑性过程中发挥重要作用,并在肠神经元可塑性调节及胃肠道感觉、动力调节中发挥重要作用。然而,BDNF是否参与STC患者排便障碍的发生,且引起STC患者肠黏膜神经纤维可塑性改变的研究少见报道。
发明内容
本发明的技术任务是解决现有技术的不足,提供一种肠黏膜脑源性神经营养因子BDNF标本的染色化学检测方法。
本发明的技术方案是按以下方式实现的,该肠黏膜脑源性神经营养因子BDNF标本的染色化学检测方法包括:
(一)标本HE染色步骤:
(1)脱蜡与水化:肠黏膜脑源性神经营养因子BDNF标本干燥后的切片用二甲苯脱蜡,再逐级经纯酒精及梯度酒精直至蒸馏水;
(2)苏木精液染色60s;
(3)流水洗去苏木精液10s;
(4)1%盐酸乙醇洗3s;
(5)水洗2s;
(6)促蓝液返蓝洗10s;
(7)流水冲洗30s;
(8)伊红染色60s;
(9)蒸馏水洗2s;
(10)80%乙醇洗2s;
(11)95%乙醇洗2s;
(12)无水乙醇洗2s;
(13)石炭酸二甲苯洗3s;
(14)二甲苯洗3s;
(15)二甲苯洗3s;
(16)中性树胶封固,封片时每片载玻片滴加1~2滴明胶,将洁净盖玻片倾斜放下,以免出现气泡;
(二)标本染色后化学法检测步骤:
a.石蜡切片脱腊及水化
a1.脱蜡:将染色后切片放入染色筐中,二甲苯Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ中各放置15min进行完全脱腊;
a2.水化:切片放入100%酒精Ⅰ、Ⅱ中各10min后,于95%酒精水化5min→90%酒精水化5min→80%酒精水化5min→70%酒精水化5min→蒸馏水浸洗10min;
b.抗原修复:将a步骤切片插入250ml、浓度为0.01mol/L、pH值为6.0的柠檬酸钠抗原修复液中,用微波高档加温缓冲至96℃15min,注意避免煮沸,取出后自然冷却至室温后蒸馏水洗;
c.清除内源性过氧化物酶活性:用0.3%H2O2甲醇溶液孵育20分钟,放入60%酒精5min,放入蒸馏水5min,PBS缓冲液洗5min;
d.封闭:用于二抗来源动物相同的正常山羊血清封闭60分钟;
e.一抗孵育:加入兔抗人PDG9.5抗体,300倍稀释,阴性对照滴加PBS,4℃孵育过夜;
f.二抗孵育:加二抗前用PBS对切片漂洗三次,每次5min,把未结合的一抗完全洗掉;加入生物素标记的山羊抗兔IgG二抗,二抗按1:2000稀释,室温孵育30分钟,后用PBS洗涤5min×3次;
g.加入辣根酶标记链霉卵白素液,孵育30分钟;PBS洗涤洗5min×3次;
h.DAB显色:先以少量PBS或Tris-HCl缓冲液溶解DAB,然后再加入余量缓冲液,在显色前加入30%H2O2,将洗涤后的切片浸入显色液中5-10-20min,闭光下反应,并随时在显微镜下观察结果,阳性反应部分为棕色时终止反应,在自来水洗涤切片10min;
i.细胞核复染:将切片放入苏木素中做核复染20s~1min,经酒精-HCl分化后,放入自来水中继续分化细胞核;
j.封片:经70%、80%、90%、95%、100%Ⅰ、100%Ⅱ酒精脱水各2min,二甲苯Ⅰ、Ⅱ分别透明5min后,用树胶封片。
本发明与现有技术相比所产生的有益效果是:
该肠黏膜脑源性神经营养因子BDNF标本的染色化学检测方法有利于探讨STC患者肠黏膜BDNF的表达改变及与排便障碍的相关性,并观察STC患者肠黏膜神经纤维密度和超微结构的异常。
该肠黏膜脑源性神经营养因子BDNF标本的染色化学检测方法设计合理、、安全可靠、操作方便,具有很好的推广使用价值。
附图说明
附图1为一正常对照的肠粘膜活检组织图片,可见肠粘膜上皮细胞排列整齐,大肠腺排列及杯状细胞正常,固有层中肌纤维及神经丛分布均匀,在粘膜下层可见淋巴小结分布。(HE染色,×200)。
附图2为一便秘患者的肠粘膜活检组织图片,肠粘膜大肠腺分布稀疏,杯状细胞收缩,固有层中可见炎症细胞分布,肠粘膜上皮细胞未见明显异常。(HE染色,×200)。
附图3为一黑便病患者的肠粘膜活检组织图片,肠粘膜大肠腺分布稀疏,杯状细胞收缩,肠粘膜上皮细胞未见明显异常。(HE染色,×200)。
附图4为一正常对照的肠粘膜活检组织PGP9.5免疫染色图片,在肠腺固有层及粘膜下层中PGP9.5阳性表达明显,表达区域广泛。(免疫染色,×200)。
附图5为一便秘患者肠粘膜活检组织PGP9.5免疫染色图片,在肠腺固有层中PGP9.5有阳性表达,表达区域尚广泛,但在粘膜下层阳性表达较少。(免疫染色,×200)。
附图6为一便秘患者肠粘膜活检组织PGP9.5免疫染色图片,在肠腺固有层中PGP9.5阳性表达呈零星分布,染色强度呈弱阳性表达,神经节细胞阳性表达染色下降。(免疫染色,×200)。
附图7是PGP9.5在便秘患者及正常对照人群肠粘膜中的表达及相关性。
附图8是肠黏膜神经纤维外周超微结构。
附图9是肠黏膜神经纤维超微结构。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的肠黏膜脑源性神经营养因子BDNF标本的染色化学检测方法作以下详细说明。
如附图所示,本发明的肠黏膜脑源性神经营养因子BDNF标本的染色化学检测方法,该方法包括:
(一)标本HE染色步骤:
(1)脱蜡与水化:肠黏膜脑源性神经营养因子BDNF标本干燥后的切片用二甲苯脱蜡,再逐级经纯酒精及梯度酒精直至蒸馏水;
(2)苏木精液染色60s;
(3)流水洗去苏木精液10s;
(4)1%盐酸乙醇洗3s;
(5)水洗2s;
(6)促蓝液返蓝洗10s;
(7)流水冲洗30s;
(8)伊红染色60s;
(9)蒸馏水洗2s;
(10)80%乙醇洗2s;
(11)95%乙醇洗2s;
(12)无水乙醇洗2s;
(13)石炭酸二甲苯洗3s;
(14)二甲苯洗3s;
(15)二甲苯洗3s;
(16)中性树胶封固,封片时每片载玻片滴加1~2滴明胶,将洁净盖玻片倾斜放下,以免出现气泡;
染色结果评定:细胞核被苏木精染成鲜明的蓝色。细胞浆被伊红染成深浅不同的粉红色至桃红色,胞浆内嗜酸性颗粒呈反光强的鲜红色;
(二)标本染色后化学法检测步骤:
a.石蜡切片脱腊及水化
a1.脱蜡:将染色后切片放入染色筐中,二甲苯Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ中各放置15min进行完全脱腊;
a2.水化:切片放入100%酒精Ⅰ、Ⅱ中各10min后,于95%酒精水化5min→90%酒精水化5min→80%酒精水化5min→70%酒精水化5min→蒸馏水浸洗10min;
b.抗原修复:将a步骤切片插入250ml、浓度为0.01mol/L、pH值为6.0的柠檬酸钠抗原修复液中,用微波高档加温缓冲至96℃15min,注意避免煮沸,取出后自然冷却至室温后蒸馏水洗;
c.清除内源性过氧化物酶活性:用0.3%H2O2甲醇溶液孵育20分钟,放入60%酒精5min,放入蒸馏水5min,PBS缓冲液洗5min;
d.封闭:用于二抗来源动物相同的正常山羊血清封闭60分钟;
e.一抗孵育:加入兔抗人PDG9.5抗体(Rabbitanti-PGP9.5,bs-3806R,BiossCo.,LTD),300倍稀释,阴性对照滴加PBS,4℃孵育过夜;
f.二抗孵育:加二抗前用PBS对切片漂洗三次,每次5min,把未结合的一抗完全洗掉;加入生物素标记的山羊抗兔IgG二抗,二抗按1:2000稀释,室温孵育30分钟,后用PBS洗涤5min×3次;
g.加入辣根酶标记链霉卵白素液,孵育30分钟;PBS洗涤洗5min×3次;
h.DAB显色:先以少量PBS或Tris-HCl缓冲液溶解DAB,然后再加入余量缓冲液,在显色前加入30%H2O2,将洗涤后的切片浸入显色液中5-10-20min,闭光下反应,并随时在显微镜下观察结果,阳性反应部分为棕色时终止反应,在自来水洗涤切片10min;
i.细胞核复染:将切片放入苏木素中做核复染20s~1min,经酒精-HCl分化后,放入自来水中继续分化细胞核;
j.封片:经70%、80%、90%、95%、100%Ⅰ、100%Ⅱ酒精脱水各2min,二甲苯Ⅰ、Ⅱ分别透明5min后,用树胶封片。
结果判定标准:
1.PGP9.5:是一种由2450个碱基组成,包含212个氨基酸的神经元特异性羧基末端水解酶,在肠神经系统中PGP9.5有良好的表达功能,可显示阳性神经元形态,特征性地评价肠神经节细胞功能。肠神经系统主要分为肌间神经丛和黏膜下神经丛,神经丛内的肽能神经元是一种以多肽为神经递质的特殊神经元,众多神经递质参与其中,对结肠运动的调控起着主要作用。肠神经系统的功能状态与肠动力是直接相关的,通过对其标志物表达的检测可反映其功能状态。PGP9.5是一分泌性细胞因子,在正常人肠粘膜及粘膜下的神经元及神经丛中分布丰富,而在肠运动功能障碍患者尤其是慢性传输性便秘患者肠粘膜及粘膜下层表达减少。
2.参考双评分半定量法对染色结果进行评分,在LeicaDM4000B型显微镜400倍高倍镜下根据染色强度和阳性细胞所占百分比例进行判定:阳性细胞区域分4级,阳性率<10%为1级计1分,10%-49%为2级计2分,50%-79%为3级计3分,>80%为4级计4分。染色强度按以下标准评分:无阳性为0分,弱阳性为1分,中度阳性为2分,强阳性为3分。两种评分相加,0-1分为阴性(-),2分为弱阳性(+),3-4分为阳性(++),5-6分为强阳性(+++)。
3.统计学方法采用SPSS法统计分析,计数资料采用χ2检验,检测结果以P≤0.05为差异有统计学意义。
结论:
BDNF参与STC患者结肠传输的发生,且引起STC患者肠粘膜神经纤维形态的改变,但其作用的分子机制有待进一步研究阐明。本研究证实STC患者结肠粘膜的神经纤维密度明显降低。在对STC病患者结肠标本的研究中,发现肠神经系统有明显的结构异常,因此我们推测STC患者肠粘膜神经纤维密度的降低可能与结肠粘膜上皮细胞BDNF表达减少有关,BDNF表达减少会进一步加重便秘。
该肠黏膜脑源性神经营养因子BDNF标本的染色化学检测方法是探讨结肠慢传输型便秘(STC)患者肠黏膜脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)的表达分布水平。观察STC患者肠黏膜神经纤维密度和神经纤维超微结构有无异常。免疫组织化学染色显示,STC患者肠黏膜神经纤维分布密度明显低于对照组(P<0.01),且STC患者肠黏膜神经纤维存在超微结构的改变。结论:STC患者便秘症状的发生可能与肠黏膜BDNF表达减少有关。同时STC患者肠黏膜神经纤维存在超微结构破坏,可引起肠黏膜BDNF含量降低,并导致STC患者肠黏膜神经纤维密度减少。
该肠黏膜脑源性神经营养因子BDNF标本的染色化学检测方法旨在探讨STC患者肠黏膜BDNF的表达改变及与排便障碍的相关性,并观察STC患者肠黏膜神经纤维密度和超微结构的异常。
1.资料和方法
1.1研究对象:所纳入的61例受试者,均来源于患者或志愿者的肠黏膜脑源性神经营养因子BDNF标本。
1.2纳入标准
试验组标本符合结肠慢传输型便秘的罗马Ⅲ诊断标准,排除全身性疾病和药物因素且经电子结肠镜检查未发现肠道器质性病变者,年龄、性别不限,愿意配合者的肠黏膜脑源性神经营养因子BDNF标本。
1.3主要试剂
0.01mol/LPBS缓冲液(PH7.4);0.1mol/L柠檬酸修复液(PH6.0);ChemikinebrainderivedneurotrophicfactorsandwichELISA;二甲苯;苏木精液;1%盐酸乙醇;不同梯度酒精;0.3%H2O2甲醇溶液;Rabbitanti-PGP9.5,bs-3806R,BiossCo.,LTD等。
1.4实验方法
1.4.1STC患者排便自评量表:评估STC患者的便秘症状具有良好的信度和效度。
1.4.2结肠黏膜标本收集及处理:肠镜检查时在受试者直肠乙状结肠交界处各取肠黏膜活检标本2块,1块用于石蜡切片的PGP9.5免疫组织化学染色;直乙交界处另1块用于透射电镜观察肠黏膜神经纤维超微结构改变。
1.4.3HE染色:每例标本均作常规石蜡包埋切片,HE染色,观察黏膜和肌层有无细胞变性坏死。
1.4.4免疫组织化学染色:结肠黏膜活检标本用10%甲醛固定,常规石蜡包埋并切成4/xm厚的切片标本。切片滴加1:400稀释的兔抗人PGP9.5单克隆抗体,4℃孵育过夜后加入相应二抗室温孵育1h,DAB显色并镜下观察。PGP9.5阳性染色选择放大400倍数,用Image-proplus5.0计算机图像分析系统测定每个视野阳性染色的面积,取PGP9.5阳性染色面积/视野面积的百分比来表示结肠黏膜神经纤维的密度。
1.4.5.电镜检测:结肠活检标本立即置入3%戊二醛溶液中固定,常规浸洗、1%锇酸固定、磷酸缓冲液漂洗、梯度脱水、Epon812包埋,半薄切片定位,制备电镜超薄切片,经醋酸双氧铀和柠檬酸铅双重电子染色后,用JEOL-1200EX透射电镜观察记录肠黏膜神经纤维的超微结构改变。
1.5、统计学处理
统计分析采用SPSS17.0统计分析软件完成。受试者的基本资料比较分别采用卡方检验、t检验和Mann—Whitney非参数检验。免疫组化结果统计分析采用Mann-Whitney非参数检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2.结果
2.1基本情况
本研究共入选STC患者61例,依据罗马Ⅲ诊断标准,对照组例,两组在性别、年龄、病程和腹痛症状评分等方面差异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。但STC患者的排便程度评分为()分,显著高于对照组()分,P值均<0.001。
2.2肠黏膜BDNF表达
2.2.1.HE染色
对照组的正常结肠肌组织形态可见到正常神经节,肌层黏膜层界限清晰,无炎性细胞浸润。STC患者结肠肌组织HE染色表现肌间神经细胞排列紊乱,聚集成堆,分布不均,神经细胞空泡变性,炎症细胞侵润。
2.2.2.免疫组化
肠黏膜PGP9.5阳性染色神经纤维在肠黏膜上皮间质内和点状分布。STC患者肠黏膜神经纤维分布密度明显低于正常对照组,P<0.001;黏膜肌层,P<0.01)。BDNF染色阳性区域位于结肠黏膜上皮细胞。免疫组织化学染STC患者结肠黏膜BDNF的表达水平明显低于正常对照者(P=0.001)。
2.3.肠黏膜神经纤维超微结构改变
2.3.1.肠黏膜神经纤维超微结构改变
STC患者肠黏膜神经纤维超微结构出现破坏,表现为:③轴索内微管、微丝排列紊乱(如图9);④轴索内清亮小泡的比例发生变化,圆形及扁圆形清亮小泡比正常人稍有减少,致密核心小泡略有增加(如图9);
在外周,无髓神经纤维由施万细胞包绕,电镜观察施万细胞超微结构特点。在STC患者,肠黏膜施万细胞超微结构也出现破坏,表现为:①施万细胞胞质内线粒体呈高电子密度(如图8);②施万细胞胞质内内质网短小肿胀,伴脱颗粒(如图8);⑤施万细胞尚处于良好的状态。
临床症状轻微的患着的内质网和线粒体的变化不明显。
本研究结果显示,与对照组比较,STC患者结肠黏膜活检标本中BDNF表达水平明显降低,且与患者排便障碍症状的严重程度有良好的相关性。STC患者肠黏膜BDNF含量降低可能与肠黏膜神经纤维超微结构破坏有关,肠道低水平的BDNF可同时导致STC患者肠黏膜神经纤维密度降低。BDNF作为神经营养物质的一员,最初被认为在中枢和外周神经系统的分化、发育和存活中发挥重要作用,近年有研究报道了BDNF在肠道感觉调节和肠道动力调解中发挥重要作用。BDNF通过对ENS的调节作用来实现对肠道感觉的调节,BDNF的异常升高可导致肠道的高敏感BDNF具有神经递质的性质,可增强兴奋性神经传导,还可通过调节其他神经递质的释放而调节肠道运动现有研究发现BDNF与SP、CGRP等神经递质在中枢或外周神经突触囊泡内共储存,并可促进这些神经递质的释放,增强其功能。BDNF具有神经递质的性质,可增强兴奋性神经传导,还可通过调节其他神经递质的释放而调节肠道运动现有研究发现BDNF与SP、CGRP等神经递质在中枢或外周神经突触囊泡内共储存,并可促进这些神经递质的释放,增强其功能。丁义江等应用免疫组化技术和病理显微镜分析图像系统发现,结肠慢传输型便秘(STC)患者结肠内突触素、血管活性肠肽和SP镜下阳性面积均较对照组明显减少,说明STC患者存在肠神经系统突触功能障碍,从而导致肠神经递质下降,造成结肠动力障碍。Coulie等亦发现重组人BDNF可增强便秘患者和健康人群的肠道动力,增加排便次数。上述研究表明BDNF在肠道感觉调节和肠道动力调解中发挥重要作用。但因研究有限,相关研究结论仍需进一步探讨。在本研究中,发现BDNF含量患者排便障碍的严重程度和频率有良好的相关性,对阐明STC患者结肠传输动力的发生提供乐新的病理生理基础。
本发明证实STC患者结肠粘膜的神经纤维密度明显降低。在对STC病患者结肠标本的研究中,发现肠神经系统有明显的结构异常,因此推测STC患者肠粘膜神经纤维密度的降低可能与结肠粘膜上皮细胞BDNF表达减少有关。综上所述,BDNF参与STC患者结肠传输的发生,且引起STC患者肠粘膜神经纤维形态的改变,但其作用的分子机制有待进一步研究阐明。前期的实验证明丹参枳术饮能改善STC大鼠的肠道传输功能。结合这部分的实验结果,可以推测其作用机制可能与肠神经递质有关。
Claims (1)
1.肠黏膜脑源性神经营养因子BDNF标本的染色化学检测方法,其特征在于该方法包括:
(一)标本染色步骤:
(1)脱蜡与水化:肠黏膜脑源性神经营养因子BDNF标本干燥后的切片用二甲苯脱蜡,再逐级经纯酒精及梯度酒精直至蒸馏水;
(2)苏木精液染色60s;
(3)流水洗去苏木精液10s;
(4)1%盐酸乙醇洗3s;
(5)水洗2s;
(6)促蓝液返蓝洗10s;
(7)流水冲洗30s;
(8)伊红染色60s;
(9)蒸馏水洗2s;
(10)80%乙醇洗2s;
(11)95%乙醇洗2s;
(12)无水乙醇洗2s;
(13)石炭酸二甲苯洗3s;
(14)二甲苯洗3s;
(15)二甲苯洗3s;
(16)中性树胶封固,封片时每片载玻片滴加1~2滴明胶,将洁净盖玻片倾斜放下,以免出现气泡;
(二)标本染色后化学法检测步骤:
a.石蜡切片脱腊及水化
a1.脱蜡:将染色后切片放入染色筐中,二甲苯Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ中各放置15min进行完全脱腊;
a2.水化:切片放入100%酒精Ⅰ、Ⅱ中各10min后,于95%酒精水化5min→90%酒精水化5min→80%酒精水化5min→70%酒精水化5min→蒸馏水浸洗10min;
b.抗原修复:将a步骤切片插入250ml、浓度为0.01mol/L、pH值为6.0的柠檬酸钠抗原修复液中,用微波高档加温缓冲至96℃15min,注意避免煮沸,取出后自然冷却至室温后蒸馏水洗;
c.清除内源性过氧化物酶活性:用0.3%H2O2甲醇溶液孵育20分钟,放入60%酒精5min,放入蒸馏水5min,PBS缓冲液洗5min;
d.封闭:用于二抗来源动物相同的正常山羊血清封闭60分钟;
e.一抗孵育:加入兔抗人PDG9.5抗体,300倍稀释,阴性对照滴加PBS,4℃孵育过夜;
f.二抗孵育:加二抗前用PBS对切片漂洗三次,每次5min,把未结合的一抗完全洗掉;加入生物素标记的山羊抗兔IgG二抗,二抗按1:2000稀释,室温孵育30分钟,后用PBS洗涤5min×3次;
g.加入辣根酶标记链霉卵白素液,孵育30分钟;PBS洗涤洗5min×3次;
h.DAB显色:先以少量PBS或Tris-HCl缓冲液溶解DAB,然后再加入余量缓冲液,在显色前加入30%H2O2,将洗涤后的切片浸入显色液中5-10-20min,闭光下反应,并随时在显微镜下观察结果,阳性反应部分为棕色时终止反应,在自来水洗涤切片10min;
i.细胞核复染:将切片放入苏木素中做核复染20s~1min,经酒精-HCl分化后,放入自来水中继续分化细胞核;
j.封片:经70%、80%、90%、95%、100%Ⅰ、100%Ⅱ酒精脱水各2min,二甲苯Ⅰ、Ⅱ分别透明5min后,用树胶封片。
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