CN105698858B - A kind of fibre optical sensor for the curvature and temperature simultaneously measuring for differentiating bending direction - Google Patents
A kind of fibre optical sensor for the curvature and temperature simultaneously measuring for differentiating bending direction Download PDFInfo
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- CN105698858B CN105698858B CN201610079067.8A CN201610079067A CN105698858B CN 105698858 B CN105698858 B CN 105698858B CN 201610079067 A CN201610079067 A CN 201610079067A CN 105698858 B CN105698858 B CN 105698858B
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- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of fibre optical sensor for the curvature and temperature simultaneously measuring for differentiating bending direction, including wideband light source, the first single-mode fiber, the first fusion point, the first thin-core fibers, thin core LPFG, the second thin-core fibers, the second fusion point, the second single-mode fiber and spectrometer；Wideband light source is connected with the first single-mode fiber, and the tie point of the first single-mode fiber and the first thin-core fibers forms the first fusion point；The cascade for connecting and composing online Mach Zehnder interference structure, realizing online Mach Zehnder interference structure and thin core LPFG of first fusion point, the first thin-core fibers and thin core LPFG；The tie point of second thin-core fibers and the second single-mode fiber forms the second fusion point, and the second thin-core fibers, the second single-mode fiber and spectrometer are sequentially connected；By carrying out Wavelength demodulation and intensity demodulation to the spectrum obtained on spectrometer, it can not only differentiate bending direction, be measured while curvature and temperature can also be realized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to optical fiber curvature and technical field of temperature measurement, specifically, being related to one kind is based on online Mach Zehnder
Interference structure cascades the curvature for differentiating direction of thin core LPFG and the fibre optical sensor of temperature simultaneously measuring.
Background technology
Accurate optical fiber curvature and temperature survey are highly important in engineer applied system.Optical fiber curvature and temperature pass
Sensor mainly detects the change of ambient temperature, fibre-optical bending caused by pressure；Compared with common electric transducer, optical fiber
Sensor easily manufacture, low cost, can respond fast and very high detectivity in order to avoid electromagnetic interference, corrosion resistance is strong.
In order to meet the needs of engineer applied field is to curvature and temperature high-acruracy survey, domestic and international researcher is to optical fiber
Temperature-curvature measurement has carried out substantial amounts of research.In terms of fiber optic temperature-flexural measurement, it is proposed that a variety of fibre optic interferometer levels
Join the measuring method of optical fibre device：Bragg fiber is cascaded based on optical fiber mach pool moral (Mach-Zehnder, MZ) interference structure
Fiber optic temperature-bend sensor of grating (Fiber Bragg Grating, FBG), realizes 52pm/ DEG C and -164pm/m-1's
Temperature and curvature sensitivity measure；Based on Mach Zehnder interference structure cascade-connection long period fiber grating (Long Period
Grating, LPG), realize 12pm/ DEG C and -12.55nm/m-1Relatively low temperature and curvature sensitivity measure.However, these light
Fine temperature and curvature sensor structure, if measured simultaneously, are necessarily brought mostly by the way of single wavelength demodulation and survey ginseng
Caused crosstalk between number, cause surveyed sensitivity accuracy not high；In addition, above-mentioned cascade structure is using the light of separation
Device, it is not the optical device of single integral form, and often there is larger link loss in manufacturing process.Single device
Testing temperature or bending, mainly determined that sensitivity determines substantially by optical fiber thermo-optical coeffecient inherently and elasto-optical coefficient,
Compared to the factor that specially treated and the structure inscribed limit enhanced sensitivity, more highly sensitive measurement can not be realized.These are single
The optical device of separation uniformly draws and formed simultaneously, the circularly symmetric property of index distribution, without directionality.Therefore, at present
The problems such as existing measuring method can not meet the high-precision requirement measured simultaneously, and measurement sensitivity is relatively low；Separately
Outside, it is impossible to which it is also a key factor for limiting its development to differentiate bending direction.
The content of the invention
For the disadvantages described above and Improvement requirement of prior art, the invention provides one kind to be based on the online Mach Zehnder of optical fiber
Interferometer cascades the curvature for differentiating bending direction of thin core LPFG and the fibre optical sensor of temperature simultaneously measuring,
Its object is to form online Mach Zehnder interferometer by single-mode fiber, thin-core fibers and thin core LPFG, and
Thin core LPFG cascades with online Mach Zehnder interferometer on same thin-core fibers；Online horse is realized by cascade
The interference spectrum of conspicuous Zehnder interferometer is superimposed with the loss peak of thin core LPFG while measures the change of ambient temperature,
The bending of optical fiber and bending direction.
To achieve the above object, thin core length week is cascaded based on the online Mach Zehnder interferometer of optical fiber the invention provides one kind
The curvature for differentiating bending direction of phase fiber grating and the fibre optical sensor of temperature simultaneously measuring, including wideband light source, first
Single-mode fiber, the first fusion point, the first thin-core fibers, thin core LPFG, the second thin-core fibers, the second fusion point,
Second single-mode fiber and spectrometer；
Wherein, the both ends of the first single-mode fiber are respectively at the output end of wideband light source and the first end phase of the first thin-core fibers
Connection；Second end of the first single-mode fiber connects the first end of thin core LPFG；Thin core LPFG
Second end connects the first end of the second thin-core fibers；Second end of the second thin-core fibers connects the first end of the second single-mode fiber；
Second end of the second single-mode fiber is connected with the input of spectrometer；
Wherein, the first fusion point, the first thin-core fibers, thin core LPFG first end constitute online in order
Mach Zehnder structure；Wideband light source, spectrometer and online Mach Zehnder structure form Mach Zehnder interferometer；Wherein, thin core length
Period optical fiber grating realizes cascade with online Mach Zehnder structure on same thin-core fibers, and online Mach pool is realized by cascade
The interference spectrum of Deccan interferometer is superimposed with the loss peak of thin core LPFG while measures the change of ambient temperature, optical fiber
Bending and bending direction.
First single-mode fiber and the first thin-core fibers are used to core welding pattern；Using this purpose to core welding mode
In the cladding mode in the first thin-core fibers are excited；So that there is cladding mode and fibre core simultaneously in the first thin-core fibers
The transmission of mould, transmit to thin core LPFG, thin core LPFG can realize cladding mode and core mode
Intercouple, thus the core mode and cladding mode transmitted in the first thin-core fibers can produce at thin core LPFG
Interference.
The different loss peaks of thin core LPFG are due to core mode and different cladding mode couplings in the grating
The result of conjunction, it be able to can be shown in the same window of spectrometer using the thin core LPFG of unilateral unsymmetric structure
Go out two loss peaks；Caused two loss peaks cascade interference spectrum caused by online Mach Zehnder structure, so as on spectrometer
Show four simultaneous spectrum of resonance peak.
During for fiber optic temperature and curvature measurement, by caused four resonance wavelength position adjustments on spectrometer to window
It is most middle；, can be by the change in location of spectrally resonance wavelength come the sensitive of measurement temperature when ambient temperature changes
Degree；Similarly, when ambient pressure or stress are in the fibre optical sensor, other resonance wavelengths on spectrometer can be passed through
Strength Changes demodulate the level of sensitivity of fibre-optical bending；When fibre-optical bending direction difference, week can be grown by thin core
The inverse variation of two resonance wavelength intensity caused by phase fiber grating judges the bending direction of optical fiber.
Preferably, fibre-optical bending measurement also includes the first fixture and the second fixture, first fixture and described the
Two fixture fixed clamps on the fibre optical sensor, the fibre optical sensor first fixture and second fixture it
Between be partially in the state freely stretched, the position of first fixture is fixed, and second fixture can move.This method can
Controlled with the accuracy for adjusting curvature 10-6Magnitude, greatly improve the dynamic range and resolution ratio of curvature measurement.
Preferably, the length of first thin-core fibers takes 3~8cm, and the length of the first thin-core fibers determines online horse
He Zede structures produce the free broad spectral range of interference spectrum, take 3~8cm interference length so that the Mach Zehnder formed is done
The bandwidth of bandwidth and the thin core LPFG loss peak of spectrum resonance wavelength is related in the same order of magnitude, it is same to be advantageous to multi-parameter
When measure and demodulation.
Preferably, the cladding diameter of first thin-core fibers and the second thin-core fibers takes 70~100 μm, the diameter range
The cladding mode quantity excited when single-mode fiber and thin-core fibers mould field mismatch can effectively be reduced, will not cause a large amount of cladding modes with
The interference of core mode, so as to optimize the uniformity of online Mach Zehnder interference spectrum.
Preferably, the core diameter of first thin-core fibers and the second thin-core fibers takes 2~8 μm, the core diameter model
In enclosing, because fibre core mould field is adapted to effect, the core mode of single-mode fiber can be partly coupled in the fibre core of thin-core fibers, remaining
Part is coupled to covering, and prerequisite is provided to produce online Mach Zehnder interference.
Preferably, the length of the thin core LPFG takes 2~8cm, and the length can be by thin core long period optical fiber
The resonance wavelength of grating is effectively controlled in the range of 1450nm~1650nm low loss window, can effectively reduce optical fiber biography
Loss during defeated.
Preferably, the thin core LPFG is unilateral unsymmetric structure grating, and the unsymmetric structure can be in song
While rate measures, the bending direction of optical fiber can be accurately judged according to the positive and negative values of surveyed curvature.
Preferably, the length of second thin-core fibers takes 15~40cm, and the length can be effectively by the second thin-core fibers
In cladding mode all lose, avoid going out to be formed second online Mach Zehnder structure in the second end thin-core fibers, ensure that
The high-contrast of cascade structure spectrum.
In general, by the contemplated above technical scheme of the present invention compared with prior art, have below beneficial to effect
Fruit：
(1) fibre optical sensor of the curvature and temperature simultaneously measuring provided by the invention for differentiating direction, using online horse
The interference spectrum that conspicuous Zehnder interferometer structure cascades thin core LPFG superposition can produce multiple resonance wavelengths, different resonance
The sensitivity of wavelength versus temperature and curvature is different, so as to realize more physical parameters while measure.
(2) thin core LPFG provided by the invention is unilateral non-into structure fringe, for different directions
Bending, the inverse variation of intensity occurs in the different loss peaks being superimposed on interference spectrum, so as to judge the direction of fibre-optical bending.
(3) fibre optical sensor of the curvature and temperature simultaneously measuring provided by the invention for differentiating direction, using it is single
The structure measurement of line, it is simple in construction compared to traditional fibre optic interferometer for needing coupler to form, cheap, be easily integrated
Advantage.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the curvature for differentiating bending direction of the embodiment of the present invention 1 and the fibre optical sensor knot of temperature simultaneously measuring
Structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is thin-core fibers and single-mode fiber welding schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
In all of the figs, identical reference is used for representing identical element or structure, wherein：1- wideband light sources,
The single-mode fibers of 2- first, the fusion points of 3- first, the thin-core fibers of 4- first, the thin core LPFGs of 5-, the thin core light of 6- second
Fibre, the fusion points of 7- second, the single-mode fibers of 8- second, 9- spectrometers.
Embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, it is right below in conjunction with drawings and Examples
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.As long as in addition, technical characteristic involved in each embodiment of invention described below
Conflict can is not formed each other to be mutually combined.
The fibre optical sensor of the curvature and temperature simultaneously measuring provided by the invention for differentiating bending direction, including broadband light
Source, the first single-mode fiber, the first fusion point, the first thin-core fibers, thin core LPFG, the second thin-core fibers, second
Fusion point, the second single-mode fiber and spectrometer；
Wherein, the both ends of the first single-mode fiber are respectively at the output end of wideband light source and the first end phase of the first thin-core fibers
Connection；Second end of the first single-mode fiber connects the first end of thin core LPFG；Thin core LPFG
Second end connects the first end of the second thin-core fibers；Second end of the second thin-core fibers connects the first end of the second single-mode fiber；
Second end of the second single-mode fiber is connected with the input of spectrometer.
With reference to embodiments 1 provide differentiate the curvature of bending direction and the fibre optical sensor of temperature simultaneously measuring,
The present invention is expanded on further；The curvature for differentiating bending direction of the embodiment of the present invention 1 and the Fibre Optical Sensor of temperature simultaneously measuring
Device structure is as shown in figure 1, including wideband light source 1, the first single-mode fiber 2, the first fusion point 3, the first thin-core fibers 4, thin core length
Period optical fiber grating 5, the second thin-core fibers 6, the second fusion point 7, the second single-mode fiber 8 and spectrometer 9；Wideband light source 1 connects
The first port of first single-mode fiber 2；The second port of first single-mode fiber 2 is connected with the first port of the first thin-core fibers 4；
The second port of first thin-core fibers 4 connects the first end of thin core LPFG 5；Thin core LPFG 5
Second end connects the first end of the second thin-core fibers 6；Second end of the second thin-core fibers 6 connects the first of the second single-mode fiber 8
End；Second end of the second single-mode fiber 8 is connected with spectrometer 9；
Specifically, in embodiment 1, the first thin-core fibers 4, the thin-core fibers 6 of thin core LPFG 5 and second are same
On a piece thin-core fibers, its fibre core diameter is 5.65 μm, a diameter of 80 μm of fibre cladding；The second of first single-mode fiber 2
End uses with the first end of the first thin-core fibers 4 and the second end of the second thin-core fibers 6 and the first end of the second single-mode fiber 8
The mode of welding connects, the first end of the first single-mode fiber 2 and the second end of the single-mode fiber 8 of wideband light source 1 and second and light
Docked between spectrometer using FC/APC fibre-optical splices by ring flange.
First single-mode fiber 2 and the first thin-core fibers 4 and the second thin-core fibers 6 and the second single-mode fiber are used to core welding
Pattern.
With reference to embodiment 1 to the fibre optical sensor of the above-mentioned curvature for differentiating bending direction and temperature simultaneously measuring
Operation principle is illustrated.
The light that wideband light source 1 is sent is transmitted to the first fusion point 3 via the first single-mode fiber 2；Due to the first single-mode fiber 2
It is different from the fibre core diameter of the first thin-core fibers 4, the unmatched phenomenon of mould field occurs at the first fusion point, causes
The segment core mould transmitted in first single-mode fiber 2 is leaked in the covering of the first thin-core fibers 4, so as to excite the first thin core
Cladding mode in optical fiber 4, the core mode of remainder is then coupled in the fibre core of the first careful optical fiber 4 in the first single-mode fiber 2
Continue onwards transmission；When core mode and cladding mode transmission to thin core LPFG 5, due to thin core long period optical fiber light
Grid can realize intercoupling for core mode and covering intermode, thus core mode and cladding mode at thin core LPFG 5
Produce interference；When optical signal is after meticulous core LPFG, such as above-mentioned long-period gratings can realize core mode and covering
Intermode intercouples, and the pattern for causing to transmit in the second thin-core fibers 6 is still core mode and cladding mode；Because cladding mode exists
In transmitting procedure, it can wear off, when the length of the second thin-core fibers is more than 15cm, its cladding mode transmitted can be damaged all
Consume；When optical signal reaches the second fusion point 7, only the presence of core mode, no cladding mode are deposited in the second thin-core fibers 6
；Core mode in second thin-core fibers 6 is coupled directly into the second single-mode fiber 8, and last optical signal enters spectrometer 9,
It is observed that the spectrum that thin core LPFG 5 and online Mach Zehnder folded structures are formed on spectrometer 9.
When ambient temperature changes, the second thin-core fibers 4 and thin core LPFG 5 in the fibre optical sensor
The core mode of middle transmission and the refringence of cladding mode can produce small change, so as to cause the resonance of the polishing wax of spectrometer 9
Wavelength can produce drift phenomenon, by way of Wavelength demodulation, it can be deduced that the temperature control of the sensing device.
When ambient pressure or stress are in the fibre optical sensor, cycle of thin core LPFG 5 can be with
Pressure or stress to occur becoming big or diminish aobvious small, the cladding mode in thin core LPFG 5 can be let out to different directions
Expose, cause fiber coupling intensity decreases, the Strength Changes of other resonance wavelengths can be observed on spectrometer 9, so as to
Demodulate the level of sensitivity of fibre-optical bending；When fibre-optical bending direction difference, can be produced by thin core LPFG
The inverse variation of two raw resonance wavelength intensity differentiates the bending direction of optical fiber.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, not to
The limitation present invention, all any modification, equivalent and improvement made within the spirit and principles of the invention etc., all should be included
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of fibre optical sensor for the curvature and temperature simultaneously measuring for differentiating bending direction, it is characterised in that including broadband
Light source (1), the first single-mode fiber (2), the first thin-core fibers (4), thin core LPFG (5), the second thin-core fibers (6)
With the second single-mode fiber (8)；
The first end of first single-mode fiber (2) connects the output end of the wideband light source (1)；First single-mode fiber
(2) the second end connects the first end of first thin-core fibers (4), and first single-mode fiber (2) and described first thin
The connection end of core fibre (4) is as the first fusion point (3)；
The thin core LPFG (5) is connected to the second end of first thin-core fibers (4) and the second thin core
Between the first end of optical fiber (6)；Second end of second thin-core fibers (6) connects the first of second single-mode fiber (8)
End, and the connecting tube of second thin-core fibers (6) and second single-mode fiber (8) is as the second fusion point (7)；
The first end of first fusion point (3), first thin-core fibers (4) and the thin core LPFG (5)
Online Mach Zehnder interference structure is sequentially formed；Thin core LPFG (5) is tied with the online Mach Zehnder interference
Structure realizes cascade；The damage of the interference spectrum and thin core LPFG of online Mach Zehnder interference structure is realized by cascade
The superposition of consumption peak can carry out measuring while more physical parameters to form the resonance peak of different wave length；
In work, when ambient temperature changes, the second thin-core fibers (4) and thin core long period optical fiber in the fibre optical sensor
The core mode of transmission and the refringence of cladding mode can produce small change in grating (5), so as to cause spectrometer (9) glazing
The resonance wavelength of spectrum can produce drift phenomenon, and the temperature control of the fibre optical sensor is obtained by way of Wavelength demodulation；
When ambient pressure or stress are in the fibre optical sensor, cycle of thin core LPFG (5) can be with
There is becoming phenomenon that is big or diminishing in pressure or stress, and the cladding mode in thin core LPFG (5) can be let out to different directions
Expose, cause fiber coupling intensity decreases, the Strength Changes of other resonance wavelengths are observed on spectrometer (9), so as to solve
Recall the level of sensitivity of fibre-optical bending；When fibre-optical bending direction difference, by two caused by thin core LPFG
The inverse variation of individual resonance wavelength intensity differentiates the bending direction of optical fiber.
2. fibre optical sensor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the fibre optical sensor also includes spectrometer (9), light
The input of spectrometer (9) is connected to the second end of the second single-mode fiber (8)；The spectrometer (9) is used to show the online horse
He Ze Deccans relate to the spectrum that structure cascades thin core LPFG.
3. fibre optical sensor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the first end of first thin-core fibers (4) and institute
The two port core welding of the first single-mode fiber (2) is stated, and the length of first thin-core fibers is 3cm~8cm.
4. fibre optical sensor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that first thin-core fibers (4), the thin core length week
The fibre core and cladding diameter of phase fiber grating (5) and second thin-core fibers (6) be respectively less than general single mode fiber fibre core and
Covering.
5. fibre optical sensor as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that first thin-core fibers (4) and described second thin
A diameter of 70 μm~100 μm of the fibre cladding of core fibre (6).
6. the fibre optical sensor as described in any one of claim 5, it is characterised in that first thin-core fibers (4) and described
The fibre core diameter of second thin-core fibers (6) is 2 μm~8 μm.
7. the fibre optical sensor as described in claim any one of 1-6, it is characterised in that the length of second thin-core fibers is
15cm~40cm.
8. the fibre optical sensor as described in claim any one of 1-6, it is characterised in that the thin core LPFG
(5) length is 2cm~8cm.
9. the fibre optical sensor as described in claim any one of 1-6, it is characterised in that the thin core LPFG
(5) it is unilateral unsymmetric structure grating.
10. fibre optical sensor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the fibre optical sensor also include the first fixture and
Second fixture, first fixture and the second fixture fixed clamp are on the fibre optical sensor, the fibre optical sensor
The state that being partially between first fixture and second fixture is freely stretched, the position of first fixture are consolidated
Fixed, second fixture can move.
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| CN106767488A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-05-31 | 北京信息科技大学 | Temperature and strain testing method based on LPFG and thin-core fibers |
| CN106802190B (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2019-07-19 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of optic fibre turning sensor of highly sensitive no Temperature cross-over interference |
| CN108168729B (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2024-02-13 | 中国海洋大学 | Two-point seawater temperature sensor based on cascade connection of fine core optical fiber and standard single mode optical fiber |
| CN109060169A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2018-12-21 | 厦门大学 | A kind of pyrostat based on thin fiber |
| CN109855555B (en) * | 2019-01-09 | 2020-04-21 | 西南交通大学 | Optical fiber bending sensor capable of realizing axial strain compensation |
| CN110686865A (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2020-01-14 | 南昌航空大学 | Optical fiber fusion splicing structure based on OCT technology and loss cloud detection system |
| CN113156573B (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2023-02-17 | 江苏大学 | Orthogonal long-period fiber grating and application thereof in sensing bending |
| CN114562953A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-05-31 | 北京邮电大学 | Bending measurement structure, experimental instrument and sensor of asymmetric double-core optical fiber |
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