CN105698187A - Treatment device for dioxins air pollutants in household garbage incineration flue gas - Google Patents

Treatment device for dioxins air pollutants in household garbage incineration flue gas Download PDF

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CN105698187A
CN105698187A CN201610195184.0A CN201610195184A CN105698187A CN 105698187 A CN105698187 A CN 105698187A CN 201610195184 A CN201610195184 A CN 201610195184A CN 105698187 A CN105698187 A CN 105698187A
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flue gas
heat pipe
incineration
household garbage
heat
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CN105698187B (en
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吕瑞新
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
    • F23J15/025—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/04—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material using washing fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L15/00—Heating of air supplied for combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F23/00—Features relating to the use of intermediate heat-exchange materials, e.g. selection of compositions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
    • F23G2202/102—Combustion in two or more stages with supplementary heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
    • F23G2202/103—Combustion in two or more stages in separate chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2204/00—Supplementary heating arrangements
    • F23G2204/10—Supplementary heating arrangements using auxiliary fuel
    • F23G2204/103—Supplementary heating arrangements using auxiliary fuel gaseous or liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
    • F23G2206/20—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation
    • F23G2206/203—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation with a power/heat generating installation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/10—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/20—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/30—Halogen; Compounds thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/30—Halogen; Compounds thereof
    • F23J2215/301—Dioxins; Furans
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/40—Carbon monoxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/50—Carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
    • F23J2217/10—Intercepting solids by filters
    • F23J2217/101—Baghouse type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
    • F23J2217/10—Intercepting solids by filters
    • F23J2217/104—High temperature resistant (ceramic) type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2219/00—Treatment devices
    • F23J2219/30—Sorption devices using carbon, e.g. coke
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L2900/00—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber
    • F23L2900/15043—Preheating combustion air by heat recovery means located in the chimney, e.g. for home heating devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a treatment device for dioxins air pollutants in household garbage incineration flue gas, and belongs to methods for removing organohalogen compounds in flue gas. The treatment device is characterized by being formed by a primary intensified combustion furnace (1), a secondary intensified combustion furnace (2), a silicon nitride porous ceramic filter (3), a countercurrent flow heat exchange waste heat boiler (4), a combined type heat pipe heat exchanger (5), a bag dust collector (6), an acid gas removal system (7), an activated carbon adsorption tower (8) and an induced draft fan (9), all of which are sequentially connected. The treatment device for the dioxins air pollutants in the household garbage incineration flue gas is high in waste heat recovery efficiency and can effectively govern the dioxins air pollutants generated in the household garbage incineration process. All items of the air pollutants are lower than limiting values specified in table 4 of the Standard for Pollution Control on the Municipal Solid Waste Incineration of GB18485-2014. The quantity of the discharged dioxins air pollutants is smaller than or equal to 0.1 ngTEQ/m<3>.

Description

The process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in incineration flue gas of household garbage
Technical field
The present invention is the process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in one way of life flue gas of refuse burning。Belong to the minimizing technology of organohalogen compound in flue gas。
Background technology
House refuse refer to that resident's daily life produces, be not to be regarded as being worth and the solid waste that abandons, mainly include machine thing and the big class of inorganic matter two。Organic substance includes kitchen excess, paper, plastics, plant leaf etc., and inorganic matter includes dirt, glass, metal etc.。With expanding economy and the raising of people's quality of life, the collection quantity of rubbish increases year by year, and wherein organic content is continuously increased。
The environment that such substantial amounts of house refuse is survived for people brings severe contamination。Including air, soil, water body。Human health is threatened。The resource of house refuse, harmless treatment are to put important topic extremely urgent to the world。
At present, domestic rubbish disposal mainly has landfill, compost and the big method of burning three。Owing to burning method has, innoxious degree is high, volume reduction amount is big, floor space is little, process the advantages such as timely and recyclable heat energy, it has also become process the main method of municipal refuse。
But, owing to component of refuse is complicated, can produce after burning to contain heavy metal, two English, SO in a large number2, HCl, HF etc. are poisonous, harmful gas, enter air with flue gas, become the important component part of atmosphere pollution, and in vivo accumulation and constantly concentrate with biological chain。Environment and human health risk is very big。Wherein, the most prominent with harm with the toxicity of two English。
Two English PCDDs are the parts in 2000 Polychlorinated Biphenyls PCBs, are the persistence organic pollutant UPPOP unintentionally generated in nature burning and commercial productions。Two English are coupled, by 2 or 1 oxygen atom, the tricyclic aromatic organic compound that 2 phenyl ring replaced by chlorine form。Including this two classes thrcylic aromatic hydrocarbon compound of many chloros dibenzo two English PCDDs and polychlorinated dibenzofurans PCDFs, in molecular structure, the replacement number of chlorine atom is 1～8。The difference replacing number and position according to chlorine, this compounds has 210 kinds of homologues and isomer in theory, and wherein PCDDs is for 75 kinds, PCDFs totally 135 kinds。Additionally, two English (such as PBDDs, PBDFs) of many halogen biphenyl (such as Polychlorinated biphenyls PCBs, PBBs PBBs), many halogen Biphenyl Ether (such as polychlorinated diphenyl ether PCDEs, PBDE PBDEs), naphthalene chloride PCNs and bromo etc., due to they in chemical constitution, chemical property and toxicologic properties with the similarity of two English, so being collectively referred to as again dioxins (Dioxin-likecompounds)。
Two English (dioxins) non-artificial production, it does not have any purposes。It is when organic compound burns mostly, the chloropexia on Hydrocarbon and methyl chloride, produces through series of complex chemical reaction。Such as:
1.. nature produces
The forest fire of nature, volcanic eruption；The biochemical action of microorganism and photochemical action；Biological or even the mankind metabolism produce。
2.. artificial combustion process
Metal smelt, waste incineration, courage electrical appliance waste burn。Family's heating, culinary art, fuel oil, combustion gas aircraft, automobile, steamer run。
3.. chemical manufacturing process
The manufacture of chlorine-containing compound is as containing chloro pesticide, insecticide, disinfectant, bleach
4.. industrial combustion
Fossil fuel boiler combustion, Industrial Stoves burn such as silicate industry kiln etc.。
Two English class atmosphere pollutions, organism will be produced illeffects by very low dose。There is acute fatal toxicity, high carcinogenic, teratogenesis, mutagenesis, endocrine disrupting and the harm such as reproduction and development toxicity。And, two English are difficult to degrade, and can accumulate in vivo, and entered environment is by extended residual。It is the pollutant that the persistent period is extremely grown in the environment。Therefore, the toxicity of two English is extremely strong, for the mankind I class carcinogen。
In view of the above, the improvement of two English class atmosphere pollutions and control in incineration flue gas of household garbage, most important for human health and environmental conservation。
In incineration process of domestic garbage, meanwhile, with releasing substantial amounts of heat。Heat resource valuable beyond doubt。Recycled for saving the energy significant。
In prior art, in incineration flue gas of household garbage there is following weak point in the process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions:
1. in incineration process of domestic garbage, control due to burning process condition and house refuse material homogenizing degree is not good enough, cause that its dioxins carried secretly fails to be decomposed completely, cause dioxins to enter flue gas；The chlorinated organics more seriously carried secretly in house refuse fails to be fully burned, and causes producing in a large number two predecessor of English such as chlorophenol, Polychlorinated biphenyls, is carried along into smoke processing system by flue dust；
2., in incineration flue gas of household garbage process system, residual heat boiler for exchanging heat, flue gas cools down, bag collection etc. science and engineering skill, processes time length, operates in 250～680 DEG C of temperature ranges that temperature falls into easy generation two English。Synthesize two English for the predecessor in flue gas at 250～500 DEG C, and chlorophenol, chlorophenol group, various Organic substance and organic group are combined to two English 580～680 DEG C of High Temperature Gas and provide condition。Cause the resynthesis of two English pollutants, considerably increase two English class atmosphere pollutions in flue gas。
3. incineration flue gas of household garbage carries a large amount of dust, the chlorinated organics carried secretly in dust fails to be fully burned, the two English predecessors produced, adsorbed by flue dust, and in the conveying and processing procedure of flue gas, by, under the catalytic action of the transition metal such as copper, ferrum and oxide thereof, generating two English pollutants further。
4., for avoiding the low temperature synthesis district of two English resynthesis, only utilize the heat of flue gas more than 500 DEG C。Cause the waste of heat energy。
One not only energy recovery efficiency is high, and can in incineration process of domestic garbage, two English class (dioxins) atmosphere pollutions produced, carrying out the process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the incineration flue gas of household garbage of effectively improvement is that people are expected。
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to avoid above-mentioned weak point of the prior art, and provide one not only energy recovery efficiency high, and can in incineration process of domestic garbage, two English class (dioxins) atmosphere pollutions produced, carry out the process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the incineration flue gas of household garbage of effectively improvement。
The purpose of the present invention can be reached by following measure:
The process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the incineration flue gas of household garbage of the present invention, it is characterized in that the equipment that process device is connected by order below is constituted: primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1, secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2, porous SiN ceramic filter 3, countercurrent flow waste heat boiler 4, combined heat pipe exchanger 5, bag dust collector 6, acid gas removal system 7, activated carbon adsorber 8 and air-introduced machine 9；
The operation method of described process device comprises the steps:
1.. flue gas overheavy firing
From the flue gas of domestic waste incineration, initially enter primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1, subsequently into secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2 overheavy firing；The combustable organic thing carried in flue gas is made to continue fully burning；Meanwhile, the dioxins (Dioxin-likecompounds) and the predecessor that produce in incineration process of domestic garbage are thermally decomposed；
2.. filtering high-temperature flue gas udst separation
Flue gas after step 1. overheavy firing enters porous SiN ceramic filter 3, and dust removal by filtration purifies；Dioxins (Dioxin-likecompounds) and the predecessor overwhelming majority of soot dust granule absorption are trapped；
3.. waste heat boiler energy recovery
Flue gas after step 2. dust removal by filtration purifies, enters countercurrent flow waste heat boiler 4, and with working medium countercurrent flow in boiler, the high temperature heat carried passes to boiler working substance；Flue gas own temperature is reduced to≤700 DEG C, it is achieved waste heat one-level reclaims；
4.. the combined formula heat exchange of heat pipe of flue gas is sharply lowered the temperature
Enter the liquid refrigerant heat exchange in the evaporator section of combined heat pipe exchanger 5 and heating section and heat pipe from step 3. flue gas after waste heat boiler 4 reclaims heat energy, the thermal energy conduction carried by flue gas is to the liquid refrigerant in heat pipe；Liquid refrigerant in heat pipe is by thermal evaporation, and the gaseous working medium of generation, by pressure reduction small in heat pipe space, through middle span line, flows to condensation segment；At condensation segment, low-temperature receiver (fluid outside heat pipe) is discharged latent heat and condenses by gaseous working medium, and the liquid refrigerant of condensation, by the capillarity of wick, flow back into again evaporator section, continues to repeat said process；So going round and beginning again, the thermal energy conduction carried by flue gas, to the cold working medium of entrance of waste heat boiler 4, is used for improving waste heat boiler inflow temperature；Or add hot-air, for the inlet temperature of copper scap smelting furnace, primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1 and secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2；Or output hot blast, hot water are sent outside, for other users；Meanwhile, in 2 seconds, flue gas own temperature is reduced to less than 200 DEG C, and continues to be cooled to less than 90 DEG C, flow out combined heat pipe exchanger 5；Flue gas is sharply lowered the temperature, and realizes fume afterheat secondary recovery simultaneously；
5.. filter bag dedusting
Flue gas from step 4. combined heat pipe exchanger 5 enters bag dust collector 6 and filters, removes flue dust further；
6.. acid gas removal
From step, 5. flue gas after bag dust collector 6 dust removal by filtration enters acid gas removal system 7, elimination sulfide and other acid gas contaminants:, such as H2S、NOx、CO、CO2, HCl；
7.. activated carbon adsorption
From step, 6. flue gas after elimination sour gas enters activated carbon adsorber 8, through activated carbon adsorption, and the various atmosphere pollutions in elimination incineration flue gas of household garbage, and remove foul smell taste, after up to standard, discharge through air-introduced machine 9。
In the process device of the present invention, the combined formula heat exchange of heat pipe of flue gas overheavy firing, filtering high-temperature flue gas udst separation and flue gas is sharply lowered the temperature, and is all the technical characteristic that the task of completing the present invention is made outstanding contributions。
From the flue gas of domestic waste incineration, initially enter primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1, subsequently into secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2 overheavy firing；Improve the temperature of flue gas, add fume high-temperature burning time, make the combustable organic thing in flue gas at high temperature fully burn。Meanwhile, the dioxins (Dioxin-likecompounds) that produces in burning process and chlorophenol, Polychlorinated biphenyls etc. two the predecessor of English thermally decomposed；The dust in flue gas and the quantity of organic pollution carried thereof is decreased from source。Thus significantly reducing the load of flue gas post processing。
Filtering high-temperature flue gas udst separation so that dioxins (Dioxin-likecompounds) and the predecessor major part thereof of soot dust granule absorption are trapped；Avoid the chlorinated organics carried secretly in house refuse to fail to be fully burned, the two English predecessors produced, are adsorbed by flue dust, and in the conveying and processing procedure of flue gas, by, under the catalytic action of the transition metal such as copper, ferrum and oxide thereof, generating two English pollutants further。Effectively reducing in subsequent processes, two English precursor synthesis two English pollutants and High Temperature Gas are combined to the probability of two English。Also reduce the load of low temperature dedusting simultaneously。
Leave the flue gas of waste heat boiler, flow through combined heat pipe exchanger, sharply lower the temperature。Within the time of≤2 seconds, flue gas own temperature is reduced to less than 200 DEG C from 700 DEG C。Quickly cross the temperature range of two English predecessor resynthesis two English pollutants, thus avoiding the regeneration of two English pollutants。
Heat pipe is the product of space technology development, and in recent years, along with the constantly maturation of hot pipe technique research is with deeply, its application foci is also from spatial spread to ground。Heat pipe is dependent on therein hydraulic fluid phase transformation and realizes the high-performance heat transfer components of heat transfer, can be transmitted at a distance without additionaling power by internal only small cross-sectional passage by substantial amounts of heat。Heat pipe has significantly high heat conductivity, excellent isothermal, heat flow density transmutability, the reversibility of direction of heat flow, thermal diode and thermal switch, thermostatic characteristics and the extensive adaptability to environment。The present inventor, the flue-gas temperature that heat exchange of heat pipe is used for the present invention is sharply lowered the temperature, and has reached the purpose of anticipation。
The purpose of the present invention can also be reached by following measure:
The process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the incineration flue gas of household garbage of the present invention, it is characterized in that the primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1 described in step is 1. and secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2 adopt pipe-type burner, configuration automatic control system, fuel flow rate, air mass flow are automatically controlled, it is ensured that temperature >=1000 DEG C in burner。
It it is preferred water-supply scheme。
The process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the incineration flue gas of household garbage of the present invention, primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1 and secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2 that step is 1. described are additionally provided with electronic striking and control switch, realize the automatic ignition of fuel oil or fuel gas, it is ensured that after the CO in flue gas reaches setting concentration。I.e. ignition。
It it is a preferred water-supply scheme。
The process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the incineration flue gas of household garbage of the present invention, step is the middle porous SiN ceramic filter 3 adopted 2., selects the silicon nitride foam ceramic material of silicon nitride, aluminium oxide and yittrium oxide composition to manufacture。The mass percent of three consists of silicon nitride: aluminium oxide: yittrium oxide=90:2:8。
It it is preferred technical scheme。
The process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the incineration flue gas of household garbage of the present invention, step 3. described in countercurrent flow waste heat boiler 4 flue gas and boiler afterheat reclaim the heat exchange between working medium and adopt double-jacket tube formula countercurrent heat exchange method or three bushing type countercurrent heat exchange methods；Wherein:
Described double-jacket tube formula countercurrent heat exchange method, heat-exchanger rig is made up of the two straight tube suit configuration combinations that several diameters are different, and flue gas walks central canal, and waste heat recovery working medium walks annular space pipe, and the two flow direction is contrary, it is achieved countercurrent flow；
Three described bushing type countercurrent heat exchange methods, heat-exchanger rig is made up of the three straight tube suit configurations that diameter is different, and flue gas walks central canal and outer annular space, and waste heat recovery working medium walks interior annular space pipe, and the two flow direction is contrary, it is achieved countercurrent flow。
It it is preferred technical scheme。
The process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the incineration flue gas of household garbage of the present invention, step 4. described in the combined heat pipe exchanger that is made up of the heat pipe being filled with different working medium in pipe of combined heat pipe exchanger 5。It it is preferred technical scheme。
Whole combined heat pipe exchanger is divided into high-temperature hot area under control, moderate temperature heat pipe district and Low Temperature Thermal area under control。Operating temperature from high to low, selects optimum at the heat pipe of this regional work according to the physical property of different operating medium and transmission factor N, and utilizes the heat flow density tunable characteristic of heat pipe, regulates operating temperature in pipe, with Safety Connection each region heat pipe。
The process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the incineration flue gas of household garbage of the present invention, step 4. described in combined heat pipe exchanger 5 heat pipe in the working medium that adopts be sodium-potassium-sodium alloy and the water of different ratio respectively。It it is preferred technical scheme。
Research shows: Liquid Sodium and potassium can arbitrary proportion consolute, become sodium-potassium-sodium alloy (Na-K), its fusing point is below the fusing point (about 98 DEG C) of sodium and the fusing point (about 63 DEG C) of potassium。Different ratio slow-potassium-sodium alloy fusion temperature can be varied from。Therefore compared with metallic sodium, metallic potassium, sodium-potassium-sodium alloy be one more desirably conduct heat, heat-carrying agent。
The process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the incineration flue gas of household garbage of the present invention, step 4. described in combined heat pipe exchanger 5 heat pipe in the proportioning of working medium sodium-potassium-sodium alloy that adopts be: in sodium-potassium-sodium alloy, the percentage by weight of potassium is 46%～89%。It it is preferred technical scheme。
Test data proves, when in sodium-potassium-sodium alloy, the percentage by weight of potassium is from 46%～89%, the fusing point of Na-K alloy is less than or equal to room temperature。That is above-mentioned sodium-potassium-sodium alloy is at room temperature liquid。Facilitate filling and the use of heat pipe。
The process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the incineration flue gas of household garbage of the present invention, the proportioning of described sodium-potassium-sodium alloy is that in sodium-potassium-sodium alloy, the percentage by weight of potassium is 46%～89%。It it is preferred technical scheme。
The process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the incineration flue gas of household garbage of the present invention, step 4. described in combined heat pipe exchanger 5 be domestic waste incineration, primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1 and secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2 high temperature combustion air is provided, improve combustion position, improve efficiency of combustion, save fuel, or provide the cleaning of >=350 DEG C to dry for other hot blast user to use hot blast。
Combined formula heat exchange of heat pipe 5 is by combustion-supporting Hot-blast Heating to 350～400 DEG C, and the combustion air as the domestic waste incineration of the present invention, primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1 and secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2 uses, and capable of saving fuel more than 40%；
The process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the incineration flue gas of household garbage of the present invention, step acid gas removal method 6., adopting NaOH aqueous solution is desulfurizing agent, with Ca (OH)2Aqueous solution is regenerative agent, after NaOH aqueous solution lost efficacy, by Ca (OH)2After aqueous solution regeneration, reuse。Reaction equation is as follows:
2NaOH+SO2→Na2SO3+H2O
Na2SO3+SO2+H2O→2NaHSO3
Product after desulfurization enters the interior Ca of regenerated reactor (OH)2Regenerating, regenerative response process is as follows:
Ca(OH)2+Na2SO3→2NaOH+CaSO3
Ca(OH)2+2NaHSO3→Na2SO3+CaSO3·1/2H2O+1/2H2O
Adopting NaOH aqueous solution is desulfurizing agent, and rate of sulphur expulsion block, desulfuration efficiency are high, and can also remove the CO in flue gas simultaneously2、HCl、NOxDeng acid contaminant。
The process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the incineration flue gas of household garbage of the present invention, it is characterised in that step 1. described in domestic waste incineration be circulating fluidized bed incinerator。
Having the high temperature bed of stable circulation in circulating fluidized bed incinerator burner hearth, the house refuse being newly added only accounts for the only small share of bed, and owing in stove, gas-solid blends strongly, heat transfer boundary condition is good, and the rubbish being newly added can be rapidly heated and smooth combustion。For unburnt rubbish particle, extend its time of staying in stove by repeatedly circulation, can repeatedly participate in quality violent in bed and heat exchange, be conducive to incineration firing complete。
Circulating fluidized bed incinerator is particularly suitable for the fuel that this moisture of burning domestic garbage is high, ash is many, hot-restriking die is big, it is possible to overcome the problems such as the different combustion instabilities caused such as the density of component of refuse, shape, chemical property, fire behaviour and fuel characteristic。Smooth combustion and abundant after-flame, be conducive to alleviating the pollutant burden of subsequent processing stage。
The process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the incineration flue gas of household garbage of the present invention, the working medium of described countercurrent flow waste heat boiler 4 is water or low boiling organic working medium。
The heat energy that the process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the incineration flue gas of household garbage of the present invention, countercurrent flow waste heat boiler 4 and combined heat pipe exchanger 5 reclaim, directly uses with the form of heat energy, or is electric energy or mechanical energy by the thermal energy of recovery。
The process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the incineration flue gas of household garbage of the present invention, has following good effect compared to existing technology:
1.. provide one not only waste heat recovery efficiency high, and can in incineration process of domestic garbage, two English class (dioxins) atmosphere pollutions produced, carry out the process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the incineration flue gas of household garbage of effectively improvement。
2.. after the method for the present invention processes in the tail gas of discharge, the whole project pollutant of atmosphere pollution are below in People's Republic of China (PRC) standard GB18485-2014 " consumer waste incineration pollutant catabolic gene standard ", the limit value that " in table 4 domestic waste incineration discharge flue gas pollutant emission limit " specifies。Wherein two English class Air Pollutants Emissions≤0.1ngTEQ/m3。
3.. adopt two-stage flue gas overheavy firing, add fume high-temperature burning time, make the combustable organic thing in incineration flue gas at high temperature fully burn。Meanwhile, the dioxins (Dioxin-likecompounds) that produces in incineration process of domestic garbage and chlorophenol, Polychlorinated biphenyls etc. two the predecessor of English thermally decomposed；The dust in flue gas and the quantity of organic pollution carried thereof is decreased from source。Thus significantly reducing the load of flue gas post processing。
4.. filtering high-temperature flue gas udst separation, filtering high-temperature flue gas udst separation so that dioxins (Dioxin-likecompounds) and the predecessor major part thereof of soot dust granule absorption are trapped；Avoid the chlorinated organics carried secretly in copper scap to fail to be fully burned, the two English predecessors produced, are adsorbed by flue dust, and in the conveying and processing procedure of flue gas, by, under the catalytic action of the transition metal such as copper, ferrum and oxide thereof, generating two English pollutants further。Effectively reducing in subsequent processes, two English precursor synthesis two English pollutants and High Temperature Gas are combined to the probability of two English。Also reduce the load of low temperature dedusting simultaneously。
5.. present invention employs heat exchange of heat pipe, owing to heat exchange of heat pipe has strong heat conductivity, good isothermal, flexibly heat flow density transmutability, it is achieved thereby that flue-gas temperature rapid drawdown, high efficiency reclaims heat energy simultaneously。Leave the flue gas of waste heat boiler through sharply lowering the temperature at combined heat pipe exchanger, in≤2 seconds, flue gas own temperature is reduced to less than 200 DEG C from 700 DEG C。Quickly cross the temperature range of two English predecessor resynthesis two English pollutants, thus avoiding the regeneration of two English pollutants。
6.. the heat energy that heat exchange of heat pipe reclaims, provide high temperature combustion air for domestic waste incineration, primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1 and secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2, improve combustion position, improve efficiency of combustion, capable of saving fuel more than 40%。
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 be the present invention incineration flue gas of household garbage in the process device connection diagram of two English class atmosphere pollutions。Wherein:
1. primary reinforcement combustion furnace
2. secondary reinforcement combustion furnace
3. porous SiN ceramic filter
4. countercurrent flow waste heat boiler
5. combined heat pipe exchanger
6. bag dust collector
7. acid gas removal system
8. activated carbon adsorber
9. air-introduced machine
Fig. 2 is combined heat pipe exchanger schematic diagram
Fig. 3 is heat pipe operating diagram
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention will now be further detailed embodiment:
The process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in embodiment 1 one way of life flue gas of refuse burning
The equipment that process device is connected by order below is constituted: primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1, secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2, porous SiN ceramic filter 3, countercurrent flow waste heat boiler 4, combined heat pipe exchanger 5, bag dust collector 6, acid gas removal system 7, activated carbon adsorber 8 and air-introduced machine 9；
The operation method of described process device comprises the steps:
1.. flue gas overheavy firing
From the flue gas of domestic waste incineration, initially enter primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1, subsequently into secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2 overheavy firing；The combustable organic thing carried in flue gas is made to continue fully burning；Meanwhile, the dioxins (Dioxin-likecompounds) and the predecessor that produce in incineration process of domestic garbage are thermally decomposed；
Above-mentioned primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1 and secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2 adopt pipe-type burner, configure automatic control system, automatically control for fuel flow rate, air mass flow, it is ensured that the temperature in burner is at 1000 DEG C～1100 DEG C。
Above-mentioned secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2 is additionally provided with electronic striking and controls switch, it is achieved the automatic ignition of fuel oil or fuel gas, as the CO concentration=50mg/m in flue gas3Time, auto-ignition combustion, it is ensured that the CO concentration≤50mg/m in flue gas3。
2.. filtering high-temperature flue gas udst separation
Flue gas after step 1. overheavy firing enters porous SiN ceramic filter 3, and dust removal by filtration purifies；Dioxins (Dioxin-likecompounds) and the predecessor overwhelming majority of soot dust granule absorption are trapped；
Above-mentioned porous SiN ceramic filter 3, selects the silicon nitride foam ceramic material of silicon nitride, aluminium oxide and yittrium oxide composition to manufacture。The mass percent of three consists of silicon nitride: aluminium oxide: yittrium oxide=90:2:8。
3.. waste heat boiler energy recovery
Flue gas after step 2. dust removal by filtration purifies, enters countercurrent flow waste heat boiler 4, and with working medium countercurrent flow in boiler, the high temperature heat carried passes to boiler working substance；Flue gas own temperature is reduced to≤700 DEG C, it is achieved waste heat one-level reclaims；
Described countercurrent flow waste heat boiler 4 flue gas and boiler afterheat reclaim the heat exchange between working medium, adopt double-jacket tube formula countercurrent heat exchange method, heat-exchanger rig is made up of the two straight tube suit configuration combinations that several diameters are different, flue gas walks central canal, waste heat recovery working medium walks annular space pipe, the two flow direction is contrary, it is achieved countercurrent flow；
4.. the combined formula heat exchange of heat pipe of flue gas is sharply lowered the temperature
Enter the liquid refrigerant heat exchange in the evaporator section of combined heat pipe exchanger 5 and heating section and heat pipe from step 3. flue gas after waste heat boiler 4 reclaims heat energy, the thermal energy conduction carried by flue gas is to the liquid refrigerant in heat pipe；Liquid refrigerant in heat pipe is by thermal evaporation, and the gaseous working medium of generation, by pressure reduction small in heat pipe space, through middle span line, flows to condensation segment；At condensation segment, low-temperature receiver (fluid outside heat pipe) is discharged latent heat and condenses by gaseous working medium, and the liquid refrigerant of condensation, by the capillarity of wick, flow back into again evaporator section, continues to repeat said process；So going round and beginning again, the thermal energy conduction carried by flue gas, to the cold working medium of entrance of waste heat boiler 4, is used for improving waste heat boiler inflow temperature；Or add hot-air, for the inlet temperature of copper scap smelting furnace, primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1 and secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2；Or output hot blast, hot water are sent outside, for other users；Meanwhile, in 2 seconds, flue gas own temperature is reduced to less than 200 DEG C, and continues to be cooled to less than 90 DEG C, flow out combined heat pipe exchanger 5；Flue gas is sharply lowered the temperature, and realizes fume afterheat secondary recovery simultaneously；
The combined heat pipe exchanger that described combined heat pipe exchanger 5 is made up of the heat pipe being filled with different working medium in pipe。The working medium adopted in heat pipe is sodium-potassium-sodium alloy and the water of different ratio respectively。The proportioning of described sodium-potassium-sodium alloy is that in sodium-potassium-sodium alloy, the percentage by weight of potassium is 46%～89%。
Described combined heat pipe exchanger 5 is domestic waste incineration, primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1 and secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2 provide high temperature combustion air, improve combustion position, improve efficiency of combustion, save fuel, or provide the cleaning of >=350 DEG C to dry for other hot blasts user to use hot blast。
5.. filter bag dedusting
Flue gas from step 4. combined heat pipe exchanger 5 enters bag dust collector 6 and filters, removes flue dust further；
6.. acid gas removal
From step, 5. flue gas after bag dust collector 6 dust removal by filtration enters acid gas removal system 7, elimination sulfide and other acid gas contaminants:, such as H2S、NOx、CO、CO2, HCl；
Above-mentioned acid gas removal method, adopting NaOH aqueous solution is acid gas removal agent, with Ca (OH)2Aqueous solution is regenerative agent, after NaOH aqueous solution lost efficacy, by Ca (OH)2After aqueous solution regeneration, reuse。
7.. activated carbon adsorption
From step, 6. flue gas after elimination sour gas enters activated carbon adsorber 8, through activated carbon adsorption, and the various atmosphere pollutions in elimination incineration flue gas of household garbage, and remove foul smell taste, after up to standard, discharge through air-introduced machine 9。
Waste heat recovery rate >=95%。In the tail gas that flue gas discharges after treatment, the whole project pollutant of atmosphere pollution are below in People's Republic of China (PRC) standard GB18485-2014 " consumer waste incineration pollutant catabolic gene standard ", the limit value that " in table 4 domestic waste incineration discharge flue gas pollutant emission limit " specifies。Wherein two English class Air Pollutants Emissions≤0.05ngTEQ/m3。
The process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in embodiment 2 one way of life flue gas of refuse burning
The equipment that process device is connected by order below is constituted: primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1, secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2, porous SiN ceramic filter 3, countercurrent flow waste heat boiler 4, combined heat pipe exchanger 5, bag dust collector 6, acid gas removal system 7, activated carbon adsorber 8 and air-introduced machine 9；
The operation method of described process device comprises the steps:
1.. flue gas overheavy firing
From the flue gas of circulating fluid bed domestic garbage burning stove, initially enter primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1, subsequently into secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2 overheavy firing；The combustable organic thing carried in flue gas is made to continue fully burning；Meanwhile, the dioxins (Dioxin-likecompounds) and the predecessor that produce in incineration process of domestic garbage are thermally decomposed；
Above-mentioned primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1 and secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2 adopt pipe-type burner, configure automatic control system, automatically control for fuel flow rate, air mass flow, it is ensured that the temperature in burner is at 1050 DEG C～1100 DEG C。
Above-mentioned secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2 is additionally provided with electronic striking and controls switch, it is achieved the automatic ignition of fuel oil or fuel gas, as the CO concentration=30mg/m in flue gas3Time, auto-ignition combustion, it is ensured that the CO concentration≤30mg/m in flue gas3。
2.. filtering high-temperature flue gas udst separation
Flue gas after step 1. overheavy firing enters porous SiN ceramic filter 3, and dust removal by filtration purifies；Dioxins (Dioxin-likecompounds) and the predecessor overwhelming majority of soot dust granule absorption are trapped；
Above-mentioned porous SiN ceramic filter 3, selects the silicon nitride foam ceramic material of silicon nitride, aluminium oxide and yittrium oxide composition to manufacture。The mass percent of three consists of silicon nitride: aluminium oxide: yittrium oxide=90:2:8。
3.. waste heat boiler energy recovery
Flue gas after step 2. dust removal by filtration purifies, enters countercurrent flow waste heat boiler 4, and with working medium countercurrent flow in boiler, the high temperature heat carried passes to boiler working substance；Flue gas own temperature is reduced to 680 DEG C, it is achieved waste heat one-level reclaims；
Described countercurrent flow waste heat boiler 4 flue gas and boiler afterheat reclaim the heat exchange between working medium, adopt three bushing type countercurrent heat exchange methods, heat-exchanger rig is made up of the two straight tube suit configuration combinations that several diameters are different, flue gas walks central canal, waste heat recovery working medium walks annular space pipe, the two flow direction is contrary, it is achieved countercurrent flow；
4.. the combined formula heat exchange of heat pipe of flue gas is sharply lowered the temperature
Enter the liquid refrigerant heat exchange in the evaporator section of combined heat pipe exchanger 5 and heating section and heat pipe from step 3. flue gas after waste heat boiler 4 reclaims heat energy, the thermal energy conduction carried by flue gas is to the liquid refrigerant in heat pipe；Liquid refrigerant in heat pipe is by thermal evaporation, and the gaseous working medium of generation, by pressure reduction small in heat pipe space, through middle span line, flows to condensation segment；At condensation segment, low-temperature receiver (fluid outside heat pipe) is discharged latent heat and condenses by gaseous working medium, and the liquid refrigerant of condensation, by the capillarity of wick, flow back into again evaporator section, continues to repeat said process；So going round and beginning again, the thermal energy conduction carried by flue gas, to the cold working medium of entrance of waste heat boiler 4, is used for improving waste heat boiler inflow temperature；Or add hot-air, for the inlet temperature of copper scap smelting furnace, primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1 and secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2；Or output hot blast, hot water are sent outside, for other users；Meanwhile, in 2 seconds, flue gas own temperature is reduced to less than 200 DEG C, and continues to be cooled to less than 90 DEG C, flow out combined heat pipe exchanger 5；Flue gas is sharply lowered the temperature, and realizes fume afterheat secondary recovery simultaneously；
The combined heat pipe exchanger that described combined heat pipe exchanger 5 is made up of the heat pipe being filled with different working medium in pipe。The working medium adopted in heat pipe is sodium-potassium-sodium alloy and the water of different ratio respectively。The proportioning of described sodium-potassium-sodium alloy is that in sodium-potassium-sodium alloy, the percentage by weight of potassium is 60%～80%。
Described combined heat pipe exchanger 5 is domestic waste incineration, primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1 and secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2 provide high temperature combustion air, improve combustion position, improve efficiency of combustion, save fuel, or provide the cleaning of >=350 DEG C to dry for other hot blasts user to use hot blast。
5.. filter bag dedusting
Flue gas from step 4. combined heat pipe exchanger 5 enters bag dust collector 6 and filters, removes flue dust further；
6.. acid gas removal
From step, 5. flue gas after bag dust collector 6 dust removal by filtration enters acid gas removal system 7, elimination sulfide and other acid gas contaminants:, such as H2S、NOx、CO、CO2, HCl；
Above-mentioned acid gas removal method, adopting NaOH aqueous solution is acid gas removal agent, with Ca (OH)2Aqueous solution is regenerative agent, after NaOH aqueous solution lost efficacy, by Ca (OH)2After aqueous solution regeneration, reuse。
7.. activated carbon adsorption
From step, 6. flue gas after elimination sour gas enters activated carbon adsorber 8, through activated carbon adsorption, and the various atmosphere pollutions in elimination incineration flue gas of household garbage, and remove foul smell taste, after up to standard, discharge through air-introduced machine 9。
Waste heat recovery rate >=95%。In the tail gas that flue gas discharges after treatment, the whole project pollutant of atmosphere pollution are below in People's Republic of China (PRC) standard GB18485-2014 " consumer waste incineration pollutant catabolic gene standard ", the limit value that " in table 4 domestic waste incineration discharge flue gas pollutant emission limit " specifies。Wherein two English class Air Pollutants Emissions≤0.08ngTEQ/m3。
The process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in embodiment 3 one way of life flue gas of refuse burning
The equipment that process device is connected by order below is constituted: primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1, secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2, porous SiN ceramic filter 3, countercurrent flow waste heat boiler 4, combined heat pipe exchanger 5, bag dust collector 6, acid gas removal system 7, activated carbon adsorber 8 and air-introduced machine 9；
The operation method of described process device comprises the steps:
1.. flue gas overheavy firing
From the flue gas of circulating fluid bed domestic garbage burning stove, initially enter primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1, subsequently into secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2 overheavy firing；The combustable organic thing carried in flue gas is made to continue fully burning；Meanwhile, the dioxins (Dioxin-likecompounds) and the predecessor that produce in incineration process of domestic garbage are thermally decomposed；
Above-mentioned primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1 and secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2 adopt pipe-type burner, configure automatic control system, automatically control for fuel flow rate, air mass flow, it is ensured that the temperature in burner is at 1100 DEG C～1200 DEG C。
Above-mentioned secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2 is additionally provided with electronic striking and controls switch, it is achieved the automatic ignition of fuel oil or fuel gas, as the CO concentration=10mg/m in flue gas3Time, auto-ignition combustion, it is ensured that the CO concentration≤10mg/m in flue gas3。
2.. filtering high-temperature flue gas udst separation
Flue gas after step 1. overheavy firing enters porous SiN ceramic filter 3, and dust removal by filtration purifies；Dioxins (Dioxin-likecompounds) and the predecessor overwhelming majority of soot dust granule absorption are trapped；
Above-mentioned porous SiN ceramic filter 3, selects the silicon nitride foam ceramic material of silicon nitride, aluminium oxide and yittrium oxide composition to manufacture。The mass percent of three consists of silicon nitride: aluminium oxide: yittrium oxide=90:2:8。
3.. waste heat boiler energy recovery
Flue gas after step 2. dust removal by filtration purifies, enters countercurrent flow waste heat boiler 4, and with working medium countercurrent flow in boiler, the high temperature heat carried passes to boiler working substance；Flue gas own temperature is reduced to 690 DEG C, it is achieved waste heat one-level reclaims；
Described countercurrent flow waste heat boiler 4 flue gas and boiler afterheat reclaim the heat exchange between working medium, adopt three bushing type countercurrent heat exchange methods, heat-exchanger rig is made up of the two straight tube suit configuration combinations that several diameters are different, flue gas walks central canal, waste heat recovery working medium walks annular space pipe, the two flow direction is contrary, it is achieved countercurrent flow；
4.. the combined formula heat exchange of heat pipe of flue gas is sharply lowered the temperature
Enter the liquid refrigerant heat exchange in the evaporator section of combined heat pipe exchanger 5 and heating section and heat pipe from step 3. flue gas after waste heat boiler 4 reclaims heat energy, the thermal energy conduction carried by flue gas is to the liquid refrigerant in heat pipe；Liquid refrigerant in heat pipe is by thermal evaporation, and the gaseous working medium of generation, by pressure reduction small in heat pipe space, through middle span line, flows to condensation segment；At condensation segment, low-temperature receiver (fluid outside heat pipe) is discharged latent heat and condenses by gaseous working medium, and the liquid refrigerant of condensation, by the capillarity of wick, flow back into again evaporator section, continues to repeat said process；So going round and beginning again, the thermal energy conduction carried by flue gas, to the cold working medium of entrance of waste heat boiler 4, is used for improving waste heat boiler inflow temperature；Or add hot-air, for the inlet temperature of copper scap smelting furnace, primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1 and secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2；Or output hot blast, hot water are sent outside, for other users；Meanwhile, in 2 seconds, flue gas own temperature is reduced to less than 200 DEG C, and continues to be cooled to less than 90 DEG C, flow out combined heat pipe exchanger 5；Flue gas is sharply lowered the temperature, and realizes fume afterheat secondary recovery simultaneously；
The combined heat pipe exchanger that described combined heat pipe exchanger 5 is made up of the heat pipe being filled with different working medium in pipe。The working medium adopted in heat pipe is sodium-potassium-sodium alloy and the water of different ratio respectively。The proportioning of described sodium-potassium-sodium alloy is that in sodium-potassium-sodium alloy, the percentage by weight of potassium is 50%～70%。
Described combined heat pipe exchanger 5 is domestic waste incineration, primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1 and secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2 provide high temperature combustion air, improve combustion position, improve efficiency of combustion, save fuel, or provide the cleaning of >=350 DEG C to dry for other hot blasts user to use hot blast。
5.. filter bag dedusting
Flue gas from step 4. combined heat pipe exchanger 5 enters bag dust collector 6 and filters, removes flue dust further；
6.. acid gas removal
From step, 5. flue gas after bag dust collector 6 dust removal by filtration enters acid gas removal system 7, elimination sulfide and other acid gas contaminants:, such as H2S、NOx、CO、CO2, HCl；
Above-mentioned acid gas removal method, adopting NaOH aqueous solution is acid gas removal agent, with Ca (OH)2Aqueous solution is regenerative agent, after NaOH aqueous solution lost efficacy, by Ca (OH)2After aqueous solution regeneration, reuse。
7.. activated carbon adsorption
From step, 6. flue gas after elimination sour gas enters activated carbon adsorber 8, through activated carbon adsorption, and the various atmosphere pollutions in elimination incineration flue gas of household garbage, and remove foul smell taste, after up to standard, discharge through air-introduced machine 9。
Waste heat recovery rate >=95%。In the tail gas that flue gas discharges after treatment, the whole project pollutant of atmosphere pollution are below in People's Republic of China (PRC) standard GB18485-2014 " consumer waste incineration pollutant catabolic gene standard ", the limit value that " in table 4 domestic waste incineration discharge flue gas pollutant emission limit " specifies。Wherein two English class Air Pollutants Emissions≤0.01ngTEQ/m3。

Claims (14)

1. the process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in one way of life flue gas of refuse burning, it is characterized in that the equipment that process device is connected by order below is constituted: primary reinforcement combustion furnace (1), secondary reinforcement combustion furnace (2), porous SiN ceramic filter (3), countercurrent flow waste heat boiler (4), combined heat pipe exchanger (5), bag dust collector (6), acid gas removal system (7), activated carbon adsorber (8) and air-introduced machine (9)；
The operation method of described process device comprises the steps:
1.. flue gas overheavy firing
From the flue gas of domestic waste incineration, initially enter primary reinforcement combustion furnace (1), subsequently into secondary reinforcement combustion furnace (2) overheavy firing；The combustable organic thing carried in flue gas is made to continue fully burning；Meanwhile, the dioxins (Dioxin-likecompounds) and the predecessor that produce in incineration process of domestic garbage are thermally decomposed；
2.. filtering high-temperature flue gas udst separation
Flue gas after step 1. overheavy firing enters porous SiN ceramic filter (3), and dust removal by filtration purifies；Dioxins (Dioxin-likecompounds) and the predecessor overwhelming majority of soot dust granule absorption are trapped；
3.. waste heat boiler energy recovery
Flue gas after step 2. dust removal by filtration purifies, enters countercurrent flow waste heat boiler (4), and with working medium countercurrent flow in boiler, the high temperature heat carried passes to boiler working substance；Flue gas own temperature is reduced to≤700 DEG C, it is achieved waste heat one-level reclaims；
4.. the combined formula heat exchange of heat pipe of flue gas is sharply lowered the temperature
3. reclaiming the flue gas after heat energy through waste heat boiler (4) from step and enter the liquid refrigerant heat exchange in the evaporator section of combined heat pipe exchanger (5) and heating section and heat pipe, the thermal energy conduction carried by flue gas is to the liquid refrigerant in heat pipe；Liquid refrigerant in heat pipe is by thermal evaporation, and the gaseous working medium of generation, by pressure reduction small in heat pipe space, through middle span line, flows to condensation segment；At condensation segment, low-temperature receiver (fluid outside heat pipe) is discharged latent heat and condenses by gaseous working medium, and the liquid refrigerant of condensation, by the capillarity of wick, flow back into again evaporator section, continues to repeat said process；So going round and beginning again, the thermal energy conduction carried by flue gas, to the cold working medium of entrance of waste heat boiler (4), is used for improving waste heat boiler inflow temperature；Or add hot-air, for the inlet temperature of copper scap smelting furnace, primary reinforcement combustion furnace (1) and secondary reinforcement combustion furnace (2)；Or output hot blast, hot water are sent outside, for other users；Meanwhile, in 2 seconds, flue gas own temperature is reduced to less than 200 DEG C, and continues to be cooled to less than 90 DEG C, flow out combined heat pipe exchanger (5)；Flue gas is sharply lowered the temperature, and realizes fume afterheat secondary recovery simultaneously；
5.. filter bag dedusting
Flue gas from step 4. combined heat pipe exchanger (5) enters bag dust collector (6) and filters, removes flue dust further；
6.. acid gas removal
From step, 5. flue gas after bag dust collector (6) dust removal by filtration enters acid gas removal system (7), elimination sulfide and other acid gas contaminants, such as H2S、NOx、CO、CO2, HCl；
7.. activated carbon adsorption
From step, 6. flue gas after elimination sour gas enters activated carbon adsorber (8), through activated carbon adsorption, and the various atmosphere pollutions in elimination incineration flue gas of household garbage, and remove foul smell taste, after up to standard, discharge through air-introduced machine (9)。
2. according to the process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the incineration flue gas of household garbage of claim 1, it is characterized in that the primary reinforcement combustion furnace (1) described in step is 1. and secondary reinforcement combustion furnace (2) adopt pipe-type burner, configuration automatic control system, fuel flow rate, air mass flow are automatically controlled, it is ensured that temperature >=1000 DEG C in burner。
3. according to the process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the incineration flue gas of household garbage of claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterized in that the secondary reinforcement combustion furnace (2) described in step is 1. is additionally provided with electronic striking and controls switch, realize the automatic ignition of fuel oil or fuel gas, guarantee after the CO in flue gas reaches setting concentration, i.e. ignition。
4. the process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the incineration flue gas of household garbage described in claim 1, it is characterized in that the porous SiN ceramic filter (3) adopted during step is 2., the silicon nitride foam ceramic material selecting silicon nitride, aluminium oxide and yittrium oxide composition manufactures, and the mass percent of three consists of silicon nitride: aluminium oxide: yittrium oxide=90:2:8。
5. according to the process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the incineration flue gas of household garbage of claim 1, it is characterized in that countercurrent flow waste heat boiler (4) flue gas described in step is 3. and boiler afterheat reclaim the heat exchange between working medium and adopt double-jacket tube formula countercurrent heat exchange method or three bushing type countercurrent heat exchange methods；Wherein:
Described double-jacket tube formula countercurrent heat exchange method, heat-exchanger rig is made up of the two straight tube suit configuration combinations that several diameters are different, and flue gas walks central canal, and waste heat recovery working medium walks annular space pipe, and the two flow direction is contrary, it is achieved countercurrent flow；
Three described bushing type countercurrent heat exchange methods, heat-exchanger rig is made up of the three straight tube suit configurations that diameter is different, and flue gas walks central canal and outer annular space, and waste heat recovery working medium walks interior annular space pipe, and the two flow direction is contrary, it is achieved countercurrent flow。
6. according to the process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the incineration flue gas of household garbage of claim 1, it is characterised in that step 4. described in the combined heat pipe exchanger that is made up of the heat pipe being filled with different working medium in pipe of combined heat pipe exchanger (5)。
7. according to the process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the incineration flue gas of household garbage of claim 1, it is characterised in that step 4. described in combined heat pipe exchanger (5) heat pipe in the working medium that adopts be sodium-potassium-sodium alloy and the water of different ratio respectively。
8. according to the process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the incineration flue gas of household garbage of claim 7, it is characterised in that the proportioning of described sodium-potassium-sodium alloy is that in sodium-potassium-sodium alloy, the percentage by weight of potassium is 46%～89%。
9. according to the process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the incineration flue gas of household garbage of claim 7, it is characterised in that the proportioning of described sodium-potassium-sodium alloy is that in sodium-potassium-sodium alloy, the percentage by weight of potassium is 60%～80%。
10. according to the process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the incineration flue gas of household garbage of claim 1, it is characterized in that the combined heat pipe exchanger (5) described in step is 4. be domestic waste incineration, primary reinforcement combustion furnace (1) and secondary reinforcement combustion furnace (2) provide high temperature combustion air, improve combustion position, improve efficiency of combustion, save fuel, or provide the cleaning of >=350 DEG C to dry for other hot blasts user to use hot blast。
11. the process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the incineration flue gas of household garbage described in claim 1, it is characterised in that step acid gas removal method 6., adopting NaOH aqueous solution is acid gas removal agent, with Ca (OH)2Aqueous solution is regenerative agent, after NaOH aqueous solution lost efficacy, by Ca (OH)2After aqueous solution regeneration, reuse。
12. according to the process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the incineration flue gas of household garbage of claim 1, it is characterised in that step 1. described in domestic waste incineration be circulating fluidized bed incinerator。
13. the process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the incineration flue gas of household garbage described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the working medium of described countercurrent flow waste heat boiler (4) is water or low boiling organic working medium。
14. the process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the incineration flue gas of household garbage described in claim 1, it is characterized in that the heat energy that countercurrent flow waste heat boiler (4) and combined heat pipe exchanger (5) reclaim, directly use with the form of heat energy, or be electric energy or mechanical energy by the thermal energy of recovery。
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