CN105698200A - Treatment device for dioxin air pollutants in smoke generated in pyrometallurgy technology for waste printed circuit board - Google Patents

Treatment device for dioxin air pollutants in smoke generated in pyrometallurgy technology for waste printed circuit board Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105698200A
CN105698200A CN201610195264.6A CN201610195264A CN105698200A CN 105698200 A CN105698200 A CN 105698200A CN 201610195264 A CN201610195264 A CN 201610195264A CN 105698200 A CN105698200 A CN 105698200A
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China
Prior art keywords
flue gas
printed circuit
circuit board
heat pipe
heat
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CN105698200B (en
Inventor
王春雨
吕庆淮
王银川
吕瑞新
王志信
张德杰
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SHANDONG JINSHENG NON-FERROUS GROUP Co Ltd
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SHANDONG JINSHENG NON-FERROUS GROUP Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
    • F23G7/061—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases with supplementary heating
    • F23G7/065—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases with supplementary heating using gaseous or liquid fuel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/02—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, having hollow filters made of flexible material
    • B01D46/023—Pockets filters, i.e. multiple bag filters mounted on a common frame
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/56—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition
    • B01D46/62—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition connected in series
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/60—Simultaneously removing sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/68—Halogens or halogen compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
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    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
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    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
    • F23J15/025—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
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    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
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    • F23J15/04—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material using washing fluids
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    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
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    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L15/00—Heating of air supplied for combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F23/00—Features relating to the use of intermediate heat-exchange materials, e.g. selection of compositions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/30—Alkali metal compounds
    • B01D2251/304—Alkali metal compounds of sodium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/40—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds
    • B01D2251/404—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds of calcium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/20—Halogens or halogen compounds
    • B01D2257/204—Inorganic halogen compounds
    • B01D2257/2042—Hydrobromic acid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
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    • B01D2257/2045—Hydrochloric acid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D2257/302—Sulfur oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
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    • B01D2257/402—Dinitrogen oxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01D2257/404—Nitrogen oxides other than dinitrogen oxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/20—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/30—Halogen; Compounds thereof
    • F23J2215/301—Dioxins; Furans
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
    • F23J2217/10—Intercepting solids by filters
    • F23J2217/104—High temperature resistant (ceramic) type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2219/00—Treatment devices
    • F23J2219/30—Sorption devices using carbon, e.g. coke
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y02A50/2351—Atmospheric particulate matter [PM], e.g. carbon smoke microparticles, smog, aerosol particles, dust
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
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    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to a treatment device for dioxin air pollutants in smoke generated in a pyrometallurgy technology for a waste printed circuit board, and belongs to a removal method for an organohalogen compound in the smoke. The treatment device is formed by the following sequentially-connected equipment including a first-stage intensified firing furnace (1), a second-stage intensified firing furnace (2), a silicon nitride porous ceramic filter (3), a countercurrent flow waste heat boiler (4), a combined type heat pipe exchanger (5), a bag dust collector (6), an acid gas removal system (7), an activated carbon adsorption tower (8) and an induced draft fan (9). According to the treatment device, the waste heat recovery efficiency is high, and the dioxin air pollutants generated in the burning pyrometallurgy technology for the waste printed circuit board can be effectively treated. All items of the air pollutants are lower than limiting values specified in the table four of GB18485-2014 garbage incineration pollutant control standard. The discharge amount of the dioxin air pollutants is smaller than or equal to 0.1 ngTEQ/m<3>.

Description

The process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the flue gas that abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process produces
Technical field
The present invention is the process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the flue gas that a kind of abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process produces。Belong to the minimizing technology of organohalogen compound in flue gas。
Background technology
Printed substrate (PrintedCircuitBoards) is called for short PCB, is the basis of electronic apparatus industry, and almost all of electronic and electrical equipment will use printed substrate。The function of printed substrate is to support and connect various electronic devices and components, is widely used in various electronic and electrical equipment, including computer and components and parts, communication apparatus, measurement and controller instruments and meters and domestic and office electric equipment etc.。Its output value accounts for the 18% of the global electronic component industry gross output value。Along with the fast development of electronics industry, the yield of printed substrate also increases year by year。Have data statistics, in recent years, whole world PCB yield with average annual 8.7% speed increase。In South Asia, this numeral is 10.8%, and in China, this numeral is 14.4%。
Fast development along with the raising of people's living standard and electronic information technology, the demand of electronic product is continuously increased, and the cycle of updating is in continuous shortening, thus the yield cumulative year after year of electron wastes, electron wastes has become one of the fastest solid waste of whole world speedup。Printed substrate, as the basis of electronics industry, is the important component part of electron wastes。The safe disposal of discarded printed circuit wiring board, is the important topic that faces of international community。
The composition of printed substrate includes substrate and the multiple electronic devices and components being assemblied on substrate。Wherein, the baseplate material of PCB is generally galss fiber reinforced resin or epoxy resin, for the burning preventing wiring board from causing, generally all can add halogen-containing compounds fire retardant in baseplate material。On PCB substrate, it is typically covered with the conducting wire that copper foil wire is constituted。It addition, also have the relevant position that resistance, capacitor, transistor, diode and the integrated circuit that is made up of these parts are arranged in wiring board。
Abandoned printed circuit board usually contains about 40% metal AgAuPdCu, Sn, Co, In, Sb etc., 30% plastics, 30% refractory oxides。It is carried out resource and recycles significant。
Pyrometallurgy is a kind of ancient metal smelting method, uses it for the process technique of abandoned printed circuit board, utilizes high temperature to make the nonmetallic substance in abandoned printed circuit board and metallics separated from one another。Wherein the burning of part nonmetallic substance discharges heat, can as the part of heat energy of melting, the flue gas effusion molten system of generation；The auxiliary agent of another part glass fibre and interpolation floats over liquid metal top together as slag former, and protection metal is not too aoxidized simultaneously；Noble metal forms alloy with other metal in the molten state, after removing scum silica frost, is injected by molten alloy in corresponding mould and cools down, again through refine or electrolytic treatments, reclaim various metal material。
Utilizing pyrometallurgy technical finesse abandoned printed circuit board, not only technique is simple, and treating capacity is big; easily realize scale application; and the noble metal response rate is high, the impurity contained by metal frit obtained is few, can also utilize the heat contained by organic principle such as resin in wiring board simultaneously。Therefore, pyrometallurgy technology is to realize the effective ways that PCB resource is recycled。
But, owing to containing the composition such as chlorine, bromine in wiring board fire retardant, the burning of Halogen plastics, except producing the hydrogen halides of severe corrosive, also can produce the extremely toxic substances such as two English, furans, it is also possible to produces the atmosphere pollution such as halogenated hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon。Content of halogen in printed substrate than common plastics high a lot, control the formation of two English class materials and halogenated hydrocarbons most important with discharge。
Two English PCDDs are the parts in 2000 Polychlorinated Biphenyls PCBs, are the persistence organic pollutant UPPOP unintentionally generated in nature burning and commercial productions。Two English are coupled, by 2 or 1 oxygen atom, the tricyclic aromatic organic compound that 2 phenyl ring replaced by chlorine form。Including this two classes thrcylic aromatic hydrocarbon compound of many chloros dibenzo two English PCDDs and polychlorinated dibenzofurans PCDFs, in molecular structure, the replacement number of chlorine atom is 1～8。The difference replacing number and position according to chlorine, this compounds has 210 kinds of homologues and isomer in theory, and wherein PCDDs is for 75 kinds, PCDFs totally 135 kinds。Additionally, two English (such as PBDDs, PBDFs) of many halogen biphenyl (such as Polychlorinated biphenyls PCBs, PBBs PBBs), many halogen Biphenyl Ether (such as polychlorinated diphenyl ether PCDEs, PBDE PBDEs), naphthalene chloride PCNs and bromo etc., due to they in chemical constitution, chemical property and toxicologic properties with the similarity of two English, so being collectively referred to as again dioxins (Dioxin-likecompounds)。
In the abandoned printed circuit board all potential pollutants of high temperature incineration process, bromine two English is the most noticeable。Many bromines dibenzo two English (PBDDs) and polybrominated dibenzo-furan (PBDFs) are called for short bromo two English (PBDD/Fs), also two English class materials are belonged to bromo-chlorine mixing Dai Erying, with polychlorinated dibenzo-2 English and polychlorinated dibenzo (being called for short chloro two English, PCDD/Fs), there is similar physicochemical properties, bio-toxicity and environmental behaviour。
The constructive ways of bromo two English specifically includes that by fire retardant through predecessor generation, the big class of de novo synthesis (denove reaction) two, and predecessor generation includes again High Temperature Gas and generates mutually and low temperature out-phase (flying dust) catalysis two class。Bromide fire retardant, in fire retarding effect or pyrolysis and combustion process, very easily generates the predecessors such as bromine phenol (PBPs), bromobenzene (PBBs)。
Two English (dioxins) non-artificial production, it does not have any purposes。It is when organic compound burns mostly, the chloropexia on Hydrocarbon and methyl chloride, produces through series of complex chemical reaction。Such as:
1.. nature produces
The forest fire of nature, volcanic eruption；The biochemical action of microorganism and photochemical action；Biological or even the mankind metabolism produce。
2.. artificial combustion process
Metal smelt, waste incineration, courage electrical appliance waste burn。Family's heating, culinary art, fuel oil, combustion gas aircraft, automobile, steamer run。
3.. chemical manufacturing process
The manufacture of chlorine-containing compound is as containing chloro pesticide, insecticide, disinfectant, bleach
4.. industrial combustion
Fossil fuel boiler combustion, Industrial Stoves burn such as silicate industry kiln etc.。
Two English class atmosphere pollutions, organism will be produced illeffects by very low dose。There is acute fatal toxicity, high carcinogenic, teratogenesis, mutagenesis, endocrine disrupting and the harm such as reproduction and development toxicity。And, two English are difficult to degrade, and can accumulate in vivo, and entered environment is by extended residual。It is the pollutant that the persistent period is extremely grown in the environment。Therefore, the toxicity of two English is extremely strong, for the mankind I class carcinogen。
In view of the above, the improvement of two English class atmosphere pollutions and control in the flue gas that abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process produces, most important for human health and environmental conservation。
In prior art, in the flue gas that abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process produces there is following weak point in the process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions:
1. in abandoned printed circuit board burning process, control due to burning process condition and abandoned printed circuit board material homogenizing degree is not good enough, cause that its dioxins carried secretly fails to be decomposed completely, cause dioxins to enter flue gas；The halogen-containing organic compound more seriously carried secretly in abandoned printed circuit board fails to be fully burned, and causes producing in a large number two predecessor of English such as chlorophenol, Polychlorinated biphenyls, is carried along into smoke processing system by flue dust；
2., in the flue gas that abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process produces in process system, residual heat boiler for exchanging heat, flue gas cools down, bag collection etc. science and engineering skill, and process time length, operation temperature fall in 250～680 DEG C of temperature ranges easily generating two English。Synthesize two English for the predecessor in flue gas at 250～500 DEG C, and chlorophenol, chlorophenol group, various Organic substance and organic group are combined to two English 580～680 DEG C of High Temperature Gas and provide condition。Cause the resynthesis of two English pollutants, considerably increase two English class atmosphere pollutions in flue gas。
3. in the flue gas that abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process produces, carry a large amount of dust, the chlorinated organics carried secretly in dust fails to be fully burned, the two English predecessors produced, adsorbed by flue dust, and in the conveying and processing procedure of flue gas, by, under the catalytic action of the transition metal such as copper, ferrum and oxide thereof, generating two English pollutants further。
4., for avoiding the low temperature synthesis district of two English resynthesis, only utilize the heat of flue gas more than 500 DEG C。Cause the waste of heat energy。
5. in the flue gas that abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process produces, the process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions, there is not yet。
One not only energy recovery efficiency is high, and can in abandoned printed circuit board burning process, two English class (dioxins) atmosphere pollutions produced, in the flue gas that the abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process carrying out effectively administering produces, the process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions is that people are expected。
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to avoid above-mentioned weak point of the prior art, and provide one not only energy recovery efficiency high, and can in abandoned printed circuit board burning process, two English class (dioxins) atmosphere pollutions produced, the process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the flue gas that the abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process carrying out effectively administering produces, the purpose of the present invention can be reached by following measure:
The process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the flue gas that the abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process of the present invention produces, it is characterized in that the equipment that process device is connected by order below is constituted: primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1, secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2, porous SiN ceramic filter 3, countercurrent flow waste heat boiler 4, combined heat pipe exchanger 5, bag dust collector 6, acid gas removal system 7, activated carbon adsorber 8 and air-introduced machine 9；
The operation method of described process device comprises the steps:
1.. flue gas overheavy firing
Burn the flue gas of smelting furnace from abandoned printed circuit board, initially enter primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1, subsequently into secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2 overheavy firing；The combustable organic thing carried in flue gas is made to continue fully burning；Meanwhile, the dioxins (Dioxin-likecompounds) and the predecessor that produce in fire metallurgy process process are thermally decomposed；
2.. filtering high-temperature flue gas udst separation
Flue gas after step 1. overheavy firing enters porous SiN ceramic filter 3, and dust removal by filtration purifies；Dioxins (Dioxin-likecompounds) and the predecessor overwhelming majority of soot dust granule absorption are trapped；
3.. waste heat boiler energy recovery
Flue gas after step 2. dust removal by filtration purifies, enters countercurrent flow waste heat boiler 4, and with working medium countercurrent flow in boiler, the high temperature heat carried passes to boiler working substance；Flue gas own temperature is reduced to≤700 DEG C, it is achieved waste heat one-level reclaims；
4.. the combined formula heat exchange of heat pipe of flue gas is sharply lowered the temperature
Enter the liquid refrigerant heat exchange in the evaporator section of combined heat pipe exchanger 5 and heating section and heat pipe from step 3. flue gas after waste heat boiler 4 reclaims heat energy, the thermal energy conduction carried by flue gas is to the liquid refrigerant in heat pipe；Liquid refrigerant in heat pipe is by thermal evaporation, and the gaseous working medium of generation, by pressure reduction small in heat pipe space, through middle span line, flows to condensation segment；At condensation segment, low-temperature receiver (fluid outside heat pipe) is discharged latent heat and condenses by gaseous working medium, and the liquid refrigerant of condensation, by the capillarity of wick, flow back into again evaporator section, continues to repeat said process；So going round and beginning again, the thermal energy conduction carried by flue gas, to the cold working medium of entrance of waste heat boiler 4, is used for improving waste heat boiler inflow temperature；Or add hot-air, the inlet temperature of smelting furnace, primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1 and secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2 is burned for abandoned printed circuit board；Or output hot blast, hot water are sent outside, for other users；Meanwhile, in 2 seconds, flue gas own temperature is reduced to less than 200 DEG C, and continues to be cooled to less than 90 DEG C, flow out combined heat pipe exchanger 5；Flue gas is sharply lowered the temperature, and realizes fume afterheat secondary recovery simultaneously；
5.. filter bag dedusting
Flue gas from step 4. combined heat pipe exchanger 5 enters bag dust collector 6 and filters, removes flue dust further；
6.. acid gas removal
From step, 5. flue gas after bag dust collector 6 dust removal by filtration enters acid gas removal system 7, elimination sulfide and other acid gas contaminants:, such as H2S、NOx、CO、CO2, HCl, HBr；
7.. activated carbon adsorption
From step, 6. flue gas after elimination sour gas enters activated carbon adsorber 8, through activated carbon adsorption, and the various atmosphere pollutions in the flue gas that elimination abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process produces, and remove foul smell taste, after up to standard, discharge through air-introduced machine 9。
In the process device of the present invention, the combined formula heat exchange of heat pipe of flue gas overheavy firing, filtering high-temperature flue gas udst separation and flue gas is sharply lowered the temperature, and is all the technical characteristic that the task of completing the present invention is made outstanding contributions。
Burn the flue gas of smelting furnace from abandoned printed circuit board, initially enter primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1, subsequently into secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2 overheavy firing；Improve the temperature of flue gas, add fume high-temperature burning time, make the combustable organic thing in flue gas at high temperature fully burn。Meanwhile, the dioxins (Dioxin-likecompounds) that produces in burning process and chlorophenol, Polychlorinated biphenyls etc. two the predecessor of English thermally decomposed；The dust in flue gas and the quantity of organic pollution carried thereof is decreased from source。Thus significantly reducing the load of flue gas post processing。
Filtering high-temperature flue gas udst separation so that dioxins (Dioxin-likecompounds) and the predecessor major part thereof of soot dust granule absorption are trapped；Avoid the chlorinated organics carried secretly in abandoned printed circuit board to fail to be fully burned, the two English predecessors produced, are adsorbed by flue dust, and in the conveying and processing procedure of flue gas, by, under the catalytic action of the transition metal such as copper, ferrum and oxide thereof, generating two English pollutants further。Effectively reducing in subsequent processes, two English precursor synthesis two English pollutants and High Temperature Gas are combined to the probability of two English。Also reduce the load of low temperature dedusting simultaneously。
Leave the flue gas of waste heat boiler, flow through combined heat pipe exchanger, sharply lower the temperature。Within the time of≤2 seconds, flue gas own temperature is reduced to less than 200 DEG C from 700 DEG C。Quickly cross the temperature range of two English predecessor resynthesis two English pollutants, thus avoiding the regeneration of two English pollutants。
Heat pipe is the product of space technology development, and in recent years, along with the constantly maturation of hot pipe technique research is with deeply, its application foci is also from spatial spread to ground。Heat pipe is dependent on therein hydraulic fluid phase transformation and realizes the high-performance heat transfer components of heat transfer, can be transmitted at a distance without additionaling power by internal only small cross-sectional passage by substantial amounts of heat。Heat pipe has significantly high heat conductivity, excellent isothermal, heat flow density transmutability, the reversibility of direction of heat flow, thermal diode and thermal switch, thermostatic characteristics and the extensive adaptability to environment。The present inventor, the flue-gas temperature that heat exchange of heat pipe is used for the present invention is sharply lowered the temperature, and has reached the purpose of anticipation。
The purpose of the present invention can also be reached by following measure:
The process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the flue gas that the abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process of the present invention produces, it is characterized in that the primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1 described in step is 1. and secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2 adopt pipe-type burner, configuration automatic control system, fuel flow rate, air mass flow are automatically controlled, it is ensured that temperature >=1000 DEG C in burner。
It it is preferred water-supply scheme。
The process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the flue gas that the abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process of the present invention produces, primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1 and secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2 that step is 1. described are additionally provided with electronic striking and control switch, realize the automatic ignition of fuel oil or fuel gas, it is ensured that after the CO in flue gas reaches setting concentration。I.e. ignition。
It it is a preferred water-supply scheme。
The process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the flue gas that the abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process of the present invention produces, step is the middle porous SiN ceramic filter 3 adopted 2., selects the silicon nitride foam ceramic material of silicon nitride, aluminium oxide and yittrium oxide composition to manufacture。The mass percent of three consists of silicon nitride: aluminium oxide: yittrium oxide=90:2:8。
It it is preferred technical scheme。
The process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the flue gas that the abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process of the present invention produces, step 3. described in countercurrent flow waste heat boiler 4 flue gas and boiler afterheat reclaim the heat exchange between working medium and adopt double-jacket tube formula countercurrent heat exchange method or three bushing type countercurrent heat exchange methods；Wherein:
Described double-jacket tube formula countercurrent heat exchange method, heat-exchanger rig is made up of the two straight tube suit configuration combinations that several diameters are different, and flue gas walks central canal, and waste heat recovery working medium walks annular space pipe, and the two flow direction is contrary, it is achieved countercurrent flow；
Three described bushing type countercurrent heat exchange methods, heat-exchanger rig is made up of the three straight tube suit configurations that diameter is different, and flue gas walks central canal and outer annular space, and waste heat recovery working medium walks interior annular space pipe, and the two flow direction is contrary, it is achieved countercurrent flow。
It it is preferred technical scheme。
The process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the flue gas that the abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process of the present invention produces, step 4. described in the combined heat pipe exchanger that is made up of the heat pipe being filled with different working medium in pipe of combined heat pipe exchanger 5。It it is preferred technical scheme。
Whole combined heat pipe exchanger is divided into high-temperature hot area under control, moderate temperature heat pipe district and Low Temperature Thermal area under control。Operating temperature from high to low, selects optimum at the heat pipe of this regional work according to the physical property of different operating medium and transmission factor N, and utilizes the heat flow density tunable characteristic of heat pipe, regulates operating temperature in pipe, with Safety Connection each region heat pipe。
The process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the flue gas that the abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process of the present invention produces, step 4. described in combined heat pipe exchanger 5 heat pipe in the working medium that adopts be sodium-potassium-sodium alloy and the water of different ratio respectively。It it is preferred technical scheme。
Research shows: Liquid Sodium and potassium can arbitrary proportion consolute, become sodium-potassium-sodium alloy (Na-K), its fusing point is below the fusing point (about 98 DEG C) of sodium and the fusing point (about 63 DEG C) of potassium。Different ratio slow-potassium-sodium alloy fusion temperature can be varied from。Therefore compared with metallic sodium, metallic potassium, sodium-potassium-sodium alloy be one more desirably conduct heat, heat-carrying agent。
The process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the flue gas that the abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process of the present invention produces, step 4. described in combined heat pipe exchanger 5 heat pipe in the proportioning of working medium sodium-potassium-sodium alloy that adopts be: in sodium-potassium-sodium alloy, the percentage by weight of potassium is 46%～89%。It it is preferred technical scheme。
Test data proves, when in sodium-potassium-sodium alloy, the percentage by weight of potassium is from 46%～89%, the fusing point of Na-K alloy is less than or equal to room temperature。That is above-mentioned sodium-potassium-sodium alloy is at room temperature liquid。Facilitate filling and the use of heat pipe。
The process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the flue gas that the abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process of the present invention produces, the proportioning of described sodium-potassium-sodium alloy is that in sodium-potassium-sodium alloy, the percentage by weight of potassium is 46%～89%。It it is preferred technical scheme。
The process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the flue gas that the abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process of the present invention produces, step 4. described in combined heat pipe exchanger 5 burn smelting furnace for abandoned printed circuit board, primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1 and secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2 provide high temperature combustion air, improve combustion position, improve efficiency of combustion, save fuel, or provide the cleaning of >=350 DEG C to dry for other hot blast user to use hot blast。
Combined formula heat exchange of heat pipe 5 is by combustion-supporting Hot-blast Heating to 350～400 DEG C, and the combustion air as the abandoned printed circuit board burning smelting furnace of the present invention, primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1 and secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2 uses, and capable of saving fuel more than 40%；
The process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the flue gas that the abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process of the present invention produces, step acid gas removal method 6., adopting NaOH aqueous solution is desulfurizing agent, with Ca (OH)2Aqueous solution is regenerative agent, after NaOH aqueous solution lost efficacy, by Ca (OH)2After aqueous solution regeneration, reuse。Reaction equation is as follows:
2NaOH+SO2→Na2SO3+H2O
Na2SO3+SO2+H2O→2NaHSO3
Product after desulfurization enters the interior Ca of regenerated reactor (OH)2Regenerating, regenerative response process is as follows:
Ca(OH)2+Na2SO3→2NaOH+CaSO3
Ca(OH)2+2NaHSO3→Na2SO3+CaSO3·1/2H2O+1/2H2O
Adopting NaOH aqueous solution is desulfurizing agent, and rate of sulphur expulsion block, desulfuration efficiency are high, and can also remove NOx, CO, the CO in flue gas simultaneously2, the acid contaminant such as HCl, HBr。
The process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the flue gas that the abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process of the present invention produces, the working medium of described countercurrent flow waste heat boiler 4 is water or low boiling organic working medium。
The process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the flue gas that the abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process of the present invention produces, the heat energy that countercurrent flow waste heat boiler 4 and combined heat pipe exchanger 5 reclaim, directly use with the form of heat energy, or be electric energy or mechanical energy by the thermal energy of recovery。
The process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the flue gas that the abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process of the present invention produces, has following good effect compared to existing technology:
1.. provide one not only waste heat recovery efficiency high, and the process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the flue gas of the abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process generation of effectively improvement for burning two English class (dioxins) atmosphere pollutions produced in fire metallurgy process at abandoned printed circuit board, can be carried out。
2.. after the method for the present invention processes in the tail gas of discharge, the whole project pollutant of atmosphere pollution are below in People's Republic of China (PRC) standard GB18485-2014 " consumer waste incineration pollutant catabolic gene standard ", the limit value that " in table 4 domestic waste incineration discharge flue gas pollutant emission limit " specifies。Wherein two English class Air Pollutants Emissions≤0.1ngTEQ/m3。
3.. adopt two-stage flue gas overheavy firing, add fume high-temperature burning time, make the combustable organic thing in incineration flue gas at high temperature fully burn。Meanwhile, the dioxins (Dioxin-likecompounds) that produces in pyrometallurgical processes and chlorophenol, Polychlorinated biphenyls etc. two the predecessor of English thermally decomposed；The dust in flue gas and the quantity of organic pollution carried thereof is decreased from source。Thus significantly reducing the load of flue gas post processing。
4.. filtering high-temperature flue gas udst separation, filtering high-temperature flue gas udst separation so that dioxins (Dioxin-likecompounds) and the predecessor major part thereof of soot dust granule absorption are trapped；Avoid the chlorinated organics carried secretly in copper scap to fail to be fully burned, the two English predecessors produced, are adsorbed by flue dust, and in the conveying and processing procedure of flue gas, by, under the catalytic action of the transition metal such as copper, ferrum and oxide thereof, generating two English pollutants further。Effectively reducing in subsequent processes, two English precursor synthesis two English pollutants and High Temperature Gas are combined to the probability of two English。Also reduce the load of low temperature dedusting simultaneously。
5.. present invention employs heat exchange of heat pipe, owing to heat exchange of heat pipe has strong heat conductivity, good isothermal, flexibly heat flow density transmutability, it is achieved thereby that flue-gas temperature rapid drawdown, high efficiency reclaims heat energy simultaneously。Leave the flue gas of waste heat boiler through sharply lowering the temperature at combined heat pipe exchanger, in≤2 seconds, flue gas own temperature is reduced to less than 200 DEG C from 700 DEG C。Quickly cross the temperature range of two English predecessor resynthesis two English pollutants, thus avoiding the regeneration of two English pollutants。
6.. the heat energy that heat exchange of heat pipe reclaims, burn smelting furnace, primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1 and secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2 for abandoned printed circuit board and high temperature combustion air is provided, improve combustion position, improve efficiency of combustion, capable of saving fuel more than 40%。
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 be the present invention abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process produce flue gas in two English class atmosphere pollutions process device connect be intended to。Wherein:
1. primary reinforcement combustion furnace
2. secondary reinforcement combustion furnace
3. porous SiN ceramic filter
4. countercurrent flow waste heat boiler
5. combined heat pipe exchanger
6. bag dust collector
7. acid gas removal system
8. activated carbon adsorber
9. air-introduced machine
Fig. 2 is combined heat pipe exchanger schematic diagram
Fig. 3 is heat pipe operating diagram
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention will now be further detailed embodiment:
The process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the flue gas that 1 one kinds of abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process of embodiment produce
The equipment that process device is connected by order below is constituted: primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1, secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2, porous SiN ceramic filter 3, countercurrent flow waste heat boiler 4, combined heat pipe exchanger 5, bag dust collector 6, acid gas removal system 7, activated carbon adsorber 8 and air-introduced machine 9；
The operation method of described process device comprises the steps:
1.. flue gas overheavy firing
Burn the flue gas of smelting furnace from abandoned printed circuit board, initially enter primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1, subsequently into secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2 overheavy firing；The combustable organic thing carried in flue gas is made to continue fully burning；Meanwhile, the dioxins (Dioxin-likecompounds) produced in pyrometallurgical processes and predecessor are thermally decomposed；
Above-mentioned primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1 and secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2 adopt pipe-type burner, configure automatic control system, automatically control for fuel flow rate, air mass flow, it is ensured that the temperature in burner is at 1000 DEG C～1100 DEG C。
Above-mentioned secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2 is additionally provided with electronic striking and controls switch, it is achieved the automatic ignition of fuel oil or fuel gas, as the CO concentration=50mg/m in flue gas3Time, auto-ignition combustion, it is ensured that the CO concentration≤50mg/m in flue gas3。
2.. filtering high-temperature flue gas udst separation
Flue gas after step 1. overheavy firing enters porous SiN ceramic filter 3, and dust removal by filtration purifies；Dioxins (Dioxin-likecompounds) and the predecessor overwhelming majority of soot dust granule absorption are trapped；
Above-mentioned porous SiN ceramic filter 3, selects the silicon nitride foam ceramic material of silicon nitride, aluminium oxide and yittrium oxide composition to manufacture。The mass percent of three consists of silicon nitride: aluminium oxide: yittrium oxide=90:2:8。
3.. waste heat boiler energy recovery
Flue gas after step 2. dust removal by filtration purifies, enters countercurrent flow waste heat boiler 4, and with working medium countercurrent flow in boiler, the high temperature heat carried passes to boiler working substance；Flue gas own temperature is reduced to≤700 DEG C, it is achieved waste heat one-level reclaims；
Described countercurrent flow waste heat boiler 4 flue gas and boiler afterheat reclaim the heat exchange between working medium, adopt double-jacket tube formula countercurrent heat exchange method, heat-exchanger rig is made up of the two straight tube suit configuration combinations that several diameters are different, flue gas walks central canal, waste heat recovery working medium walks annular space pipe, the two flow direction is contrary, it is achieved countercurrent flow；
4.. the combined formula heat exchange of heat pipe of flue gas is sharply lowered the temperature
Enter the liquid refrigerant heat exchange in the evaporator section of combined heat pipe exchanger 5 and heating section and heat pipe from step 3. flue gas after waste heat boiler 4 reclaims heat energy, the thermal energy conduction carried by flue gas is to the liquid refrigerant in heat pipe；Liquid refrigerant in heat pipe is by thermal evaporation, and the gaseous working medium of generation, by pressure reduction small in heat pipe space, through middle span line, flows to condensation segment；At condensation segment, low-temperature receiver (fluid outside heat pipe) is discharged latent heat and condenses by gaseous working medium, and the liquid refrigerant of condensation, by the capillarity of wick, flow back into again evaporator section, continues to repeat said process；So going round and beginning again, the thermal energy conduction carried by flue gas, to the cold working medium of entrance of waste heat boiler 4, is used for improving waste heat boiler inflow temperature；Or add hot-air, the inlet temperature of smelting furnace, primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1 and secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2 is burned for abandoned printed circuit board；Or output hot blast, hot water are sent outside, for other users；Meanwhile, in 2 seconds, flue gas own temperature is reduced to less than 200 DEG C, and continues to be cooled to less than 90 DEG C, flow out combined heat pipe exchanger 5；Flue gas is sharply lowered the temperature, and realizes fume afterheat secondary recovery simultaneously；
The combined heat pipe exchanger that described combined heat pipe exchanger 5 is made up of the heat pipe being filled with different working medium in pipe。The working medium adopted in heat pipe is sodium-potassium-sodium alloy and the water of different ratio respectively。The proportioning of described sodium-potassium-sodium alloy is that in sodium-potassium-sodium alloy, the percentage by weight of potassium is 46%～89%。
Described combined heat pipe exchanger 5 burns smelting furnace, primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1 and secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2 for abandoned printed circuit board and provides high temperature combustion air, improve combustion position, improve efficiency of combustion, save fuel, or provide the cleaning of >=350 DEG C to dry for other hot blasts user to use hot blast。
5.. filter bag dedusting
Flue gas from step 4. combined heat pipe exchanger 5 enters bag dust collector 6 and filters, removes flue dust further；
6.. acid gas removal
From step, 5. flue gas after bag dust collector 6 dust removal by filtration enters acid gas removal system 7, elimination sulfide and other acid gas contaminants:, such as H2S、NOx、CO、CO2, HCl；
Above-mentioned acid gas removal method, adopting NaOH aqueous solution is acid gas removal agent, with Ca (OH)2Aqueous solution is regenerative agent, after NaOH aqueous solution lost efficacy, by Ca (OH)2After aqueous solution regeneration, reuse。
7.. activated carbon adsorption
From step, 6. flue gas after elimination sour gas enters activated carbon adsorber 8, through activated carbon adsorption, and the various atmosphere pollutions in the flue gas that elimination abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process produces, and remove foul smell taste, after up to standard, discharge through air-introduced machine 9。
Waste heat recovery rate >=95%。In the tail gas that flue gas discharges after treatment, the whole project pollutant of atmosphere pollution are below in People's Republic of China (PRC) standard GB18485-2014 " consumer waste incineration pollutant catabolic gene standard ", the limit value that " table 4 abandoned printed circuit board burns pollutant emission limit in smelting furnace discharge flue gas " specifies。Wherein two English class Air Pollutants Emissions≤0.05ngTEQ/m3。
The process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the flue gas that 2 one kinds of abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process of embodiment produce
The equipment that process device is connected by order below is constituted: primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1, secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2, porous SiN ceramic filter 3, countercurrent flow waste heat boiler 4, combined heat pipe exchanger 5, bag dust collector 6, acid gas removal system 7, activated carbon adsorber 8 and air-introduced machine 9；
The operation method of described process device comprises the steps:
1.. flue gas overheavy firing
Burn the flue gas of smelting furnace from abandoned printed circuit board, initially enter primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1, subsequently into secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2 overheavy firing；The combustable organic thing carried in flue gas is made to continue fully burning；Meanwhile, the dioxins (Dioxin-likecompounds) produced in pyrometallurgical processes and predecessor are thermally decomposed；
Above-mentioned primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1 and secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2 adopt pipe-type burner, configure automatic control system, automatically control for fuel flow rate, air mass flow, it is ensured that the temperature in burner is at 1050 DEG C～1100 DEG C。
Above-mentioned secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2 is additionally provided with electronic striking and controls switch, it is achieved the automatic ignition of fuel oil or fuel gas, as the CO concentration=30mg/m in flue gas3Time, auto-ignition combustion, it is ensured that the CO concentration≤30mg/m in flue gas3。
2.. filtering high-temperature flue gas udst separation
Flue gas after step 1. overheavy firing enters porous SiN ceramic filter 3, and dust removal by filtration purifies；Dioxins (Dioxin-likecompounds) and the predecessor overwhelming majority of soot dust granule absorption are trapped；
Above-mentioned porous SiN ceramic filter 3, selects the silicon nitride foam ceramic material of silicon nitride, aluminium oxide and yittrium oxide composition to manufacture。The mass percent of three consists of silicon nitride: aluminium oxide: yittrium oxide=90:2:8。
3.. waste heat boiler energy recovery
Flue gas after step 2. dust removal by filtration purifies, enters countercurrent flow waste heat boiler 4, and with working medium countercurrent flow in boiler, the high temperature heat carried passes to boiler working substance；Flue gas own temperature is reduced to 680 DEG C, it is achieved waste heat one-level reclaims；
Described countercurrent flow waste heat boiler 4 flue gas and boiler afterheat reclaim the heat exchange between working medium, adopt three bushing type countercurrent heat exchange methods, heat-exchanger rig is made up of the two straight tube suit configuration combinations that several diameters are different, flue gas walks central canal, waste heat recovery working medium walks annular space pipe, the two flow direction is contrary, it is achieved countercurrent flow；
4.. the combined formula heat exchange of heat pipe of flue gas is sharply lowered the temperature
Enter the liquid refrigerant heat exchange in the evaporator section of combined heat pipe exchanger 5 and heating section and heat pipe from step 3. flue gas after waste heat boiler 4 reclaims heat energy, the thermal energy conduction carried by flue gas is to the liquid refrigerant in heat pipe；Liquid refrigerant in heat pipe is by thermal evaporation, and the gaseous working medium of generation, by pressure reduction small in heat pipe space, through middle span line, flows to condensation segment；At condensation segment, low-temperature receiver (fluid outside heat pipe) is discharged latent heat and condenses by gaseous working medium, and the liquid refrigerant of condensation, by the capillarity of wick, flow back into again evaporator section, continues to repeat said process；So going round and beginning again, the thermal energy conduction carried by flue gas, to the cold working medium of entrance of waste heat boiler 4, is used for improving waste heat boiler inflow temperature；Or add hot-air, the inlet temperature of smelting furnace, primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1 and secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2 is burned for abandoned printed circuit board；Or output hot blast, hot water are sent outside, for other users；Meanwhile, in 2 seconds, flue gas own temperature is reduced to less than 200 DEG C, and continues to be cooled to less than 90 DEG C, flow out combined heat pipe exchanger 5；Flue gas is sharply lowered the temperature, and realizes fume afterheat secondary recovery simultaneously；
The combined heat pipe exchanger that described combined heat pipe exchanger 5 is made up of the heat pipe being filled with different working medium in pipe。The working medium adopted in heat pipe is sodium-potassium-sodium alloy and the water of different ratio respectively。The proportioning of described sodium-potassium-sodium alloy is that in sodium-potassium-sodium alloy, the percentage by weight of potassium is 60%～80%。
Described combined heat pipe exchanger 5 burns smelting furnace, primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1 and secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2 for abandoned printed circuit board and provides high temperature combustion air, improve combustion position, improve efficiency of combustion, save fuel, or provide the cleaning of >=350 DEG C to dry for other hot blasts user to use hot blast。
5.. filter bag dedusting
Flue gas from step 4. combined heat pipe exchanger 5 enters bag dust collector 6 and filters, removes flue dust further；
6.. acid gas removal
From step, 5. flue gas after bag dust collector 6 dust removal by filtration enters acid gas removal system 7, elimination sulfide and other acid gas contaminants:, such as H2S、NOx、CO、CO2, HCl；
Above-mentioned acid gas removal method, adopting NaOH aqueous solution is acid gas removal agent, with Ca (OH)2Aqueous solution is regenerative agent, after NaOH aqueous solution lost efficacy, by Ca (OH)2After aqueous solution regeneration, reuse。
7.. activated carbon adsorption
From step, 6. flue gas after elimination sour gas enters activated carbon adsorber 8, through activated carbon adsorption, and the various atmosphere pollutions in the flue gas that elimination abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process produces, and remove foul smell taste, after up to standard, discharge through air-introduced machine 9。
Waste heat recovery rate >=95%。In the tail gas that flue gas discharges after treatment, the whole project pollutant of atmosphere pollution are below in People's Republic of China (PRC) standard GB18485-2014 " consumer waste incineration pollutant catabolic gene standard ", the limit value that " in table 4 domestic waste incineration discharge flue gas pollutant emission limit " specifies。Wherein two English class Air Pollutants Emissions≤0.08ngTEQ/m3。
The process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the flue gas that 3 one kinds of abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process of embodiment produce
The equipment that process device is connected by order below is constituted: primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1, secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2, porous SiN ceramic filter 3, countercurrent flow waste heat boiler 4, combined heat pipe exchanger 5, bag dust collector 6, acid gas removal system 7, activated carbon adsorber 8 and air-introduced machine 9；
The operation method of described process device comprises the steps:
1.. flue gas overheavy firing
Burn the flue gas of smelting furnace from abandoned printed circuit board, initially enter primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1, subsequently into secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2 overheavy firing；The combustable organic thing carried in flue gas is made to continue fully burning；Meanwhile, the dioxins (Dioxin-likecompounds) produced in pyrometallurgical processes and predecessor are thermally decomposed；
Above-mentioned primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1 and secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2 adopt pipe-type burner, configure automatic control system, automatically control for fuel flow rate, air mass flow, it is ensured that the temperature in burner is at 1100 DEG C～1200 DEG C。
Above-mentioned secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2 is additionally provided with electronic striking and controls switch, it is achieved the automatic ignition of fuel oil or fuel gas, as the CO concentration=10mg/m in flue gas3Time, auto-ignition combustion, it is ensured that the CO concentration≤10mg/m in flue gas3。
2.. filtering high-temperature flue gas udst separation
Flue gas after step 1. overheavy firing enters porous SiN ceramic filter 3, and dust removal by filtration purifies；Dioxins (Dioxin-likecompounds) and the predecessor overwhelming majority of soot dust granule absorption are trapped；
Above-mentioned porous SiN ceramic filter 3, selects the silicon nitride foam ceramic material of silicon nitride, aluminium oxide and yittrium oxide composition to manufacture。The mass percent of three consists of silicon nitride: aluminium oxide: yittrium oxide=90:2:8。
3.. waste heat boiler energy recovery
Flue gas after step 2. dust removal by filtration purifies, enters countercurrent flow waste heat boiler 4, and with working medium countercurrent flow in boiler, the high temperature heat carried passes to boiler working substance；Flue gas own temperature is reduced to 690 DEG C, it is achieved waste heat one-level reclaims；
Described countercurrent flow waste heat boiler 4 flue gas and boiler afterheat reclaim the heat exchange between working medium, adopt three bushing type countercurrent heat exchange methods, heat-exchanger rig is made up of the two straight tube suit configuration combinations that several diameters are different, flue gas walks central canal, waste heat recovery working medium walks annular space pipe, the two flow direction is contrary, it is achieved countercurrent flow；
4.. the combined formula heat exchange of heat pipe of flue gas is sharply lowered the temperature
Enter the liquid refrigerant heat exchange in the evaporator section of combined heat pipe exchanger 5 and heating section and heat pipe from step 3. flue gas after waste heat boiler 4 reclaims heat energy, the thermal energy conduction carried by flue gas is to the liquid refrigerant in heat pipe；Liquid refrigerant in heat pipe is by thermal evaporation, and the gaseous working medium of generation, by pressure reduction small in heat pipe space, through middle span line, flows to condensation segment；At condensation segment, low-temperature receiver (fluid outside heat pipe) is discharged latent heat and condenses by gaseous working medium, and the liquid refrigerant of condensation, by the capillarity of wick, flow back into again evaporator section, continues to repeat said process；So going round and beginning again, the thermal energy conduction carried by flue gas, to the cold working medium of entrance of waste heat boiler 4, is used for improving waste heat boiler inflow temperature；Or add hot-air, the inlet temperature of smelting furnace, primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1 and secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2 is burned for abandoned printed circuit board；Or output hot blast, hot water are sent outside, for other users；Meanwhile, in 2 seconds, flue gas own temperature is reduced to less than 200 DEG C, and continues to be cooled to less than 90 DEG C, flow out combined heat pipe exchanger 5；Flue gas is sharply lowered the temperature, and realizes fume afterheat secondary recovery simultaneously；
The combined heat pipe exchanger that described combined heat pipe exchanger 5 is made up of the heat pipe being filled with different working medium in pipe。The working medium adopted in heat pipe is sodium-potassium-sodium alloy and the water of different ratio respectively。The proportioning of described sodium-potassium-sodium alloy is that in sodium-potassium-sodium alloy, the percentage by weight of potassium is 50%～70%。
Described combined heat pipe exchanger 5 burns smelting furnace, primary reinforcement combustion furnace 1 and secondary reinforcement combustion furnace 2 for abandoned printed circuit board and provides high temperature combustion air, improve combustion position, improve efficiency of combustion, save fuel, or provide the cleaning of >=350 DEG C to dry for other hot blasts user to use hot blast。
5.. filter bag dedusting
Flue gas from step 4. combined heat pipe exchanger 5 enters bag dust collector 6 and filters, removes flue dust further；
6.. acid gas removal
From step, 5. flue gas after bag dust collector 6 dust removal by filtration enters acid gas removal system 7, elimination sulfide and other acid gas contaminants:, such as H2S、NOx、CO、CO2, HCl；
Above-mentioned acid gas removal method, adopting NaOH aqueous solution is acid gas removal agent, with Ca (OH)2Aqueous solution is regenerative agent, after NaOH aqueous solution lost efficacy, by Ca (OH)2After aqueous solution regeneration, reuse。
7.. activated carbon adsorption
From step, 6. flue gas after elimination sour gas enters activated carbon adsorber 8, through activated carbon adsorption, and the various atmosphere pollutions in the flue gas that elimination abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process produces, and remove foul smell taste, after up to standard, discharge through air-introduced machine 9。
Waste heat recovery rate >=95%。In the tail gas that flue gas discharges after treatment, the whole project pollutant of atmosphere pollution are below in People's Republic of China (PRC) standard GB18485-2014 " consumer waste incineration pollutant catabolic gene standard ", the limit value that " in table 4 domestic waste incineration discharge flue gas pollutant emission limit " specifies。Wherein two English class Air Pollutants Emissions≤0.01ngTEQ/m3。

Claims (13)

1. the process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the flue gas of an abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process generation, it is characterized in that the equipment that process device is connected by order below is constituted: primary reinforcement combustion furnace (1), secondary reinforcement combustion furnace (2), porous SiN ceramic filter (3), countercurrent flow waste heat boiler (4), combined heat pipe exchanger (5), bag dust collector (6), acid gas removal system (7), activated carbon adsorber (8) and air-introduced machine (9)；
The operation method of described process device comprises the steps:
1.. flue gas overheavy firing
Burn the flue gas of smelting furnace from abandoned printed circuit board, initially enter primary reinforcement combustion furnace (1), subsequently into secondary reinforcement combustion furnace (2) overheavy firing；The combustable organic thing carried in flue gas is made to continue fully burning；Meanwhile, the dioxins (Dioxin-likecompounds) and the predecessor that produce in fire metallurgy process process are thermally decomposed；
2.. filtering high-temperature flue gas udst separation
Flue gas after step 1. overheavy firing enters porous SiN ceramic filter (3), and dust removal by filtration purifies；Dioxins (Dioxin-likecompounds) and the predecessor overwhelming majority of soot dust granule absorption are trapped；
3.. waste heat boiler energy recovery
Flue gas after step 2. dust removal by filtration purifies, enters countercurrent flow waste heat boiler (4), and with working medium countercurrent flow in boiler, the high temperature heat carried passes to boiler working substance；Flue gas own temperature is reduced to≤700 DEG C, it is achieved waste heat one-level reclaims；
4.. the combined formula heat exchange of heat pipe of flue gas is sharply lowered the temperature
3. reclaiming the flue gas after heat energy through waste heat boiler (4) from step and enter the liquid refrigerant heat exchange in the evaporator section of combined heat pipe exchanger (5) and heating section and heat pipe, the thermal energy conduction carried by flue gas is to the liquid refrigerant in heat pipe；Liquid refrigerant in heat pipe is by thermal evaporation, and the gaseous working medium of generation, by pressure reduction small in heat pipe space, through middle span line, flows to condensation segment；At condensation segment, low-temperature receiver (fluid outside heat pipe) is discharged latent heat and condenses by gaseous working medium, and the liquid refrigerant of condensation, by the capillarity of wick, flow back into again evaporator section, continues to repeat said process；So going round and beginning again, the thermal energy conduction carried by flue gas, to the cold working medium of entrance of waste heat boiler (4), is used for improving waste heat boiler inflow temperature；Or add hot-air, the inlet temperature of smelting furnace, primary reinforcement combustion furnace (1) and secondary reinforcement combustion furnace (2) is burned for abandoned printed circuit board；Or output hot blast, hot water are sent outside, for other users；Meanwhile, in 2 seconds, flue gas own temperature is reduced to less than 200 DEG C, and continues to be cooled to less than 90 DEG C, flow out combined heat pipe exchanger (5)；Flue gas is sharply lowered the temperature, and realizes fume afterheat secondary recovery simultaneously；
5.. filter bag dedusting
Flue gas from step 4. combined heat pipe exchanger (5) enters bag dust collector (6) and filters, removes flue dust further；
6.. acid gas removal
From step, 5. flue gas after bag dust collector (6) dust removal by filtration enters acid gas removal system (7), elimination sulfide and other acid gas contaminants, such as H2S、NOx、CO、CO2, HCl, HBr；
7.. activated carbon adsorption
From step 6. through elimination sour gas after flue gas enter activated carbon adsorber (8), various atmosphere pollutions in the flue gas produced in activated carbon adsorption, elimination abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process, and remove foul smell taste, after up to standard, discharge through air-introduced machine (9)。
2. the process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the flue gas produced according to the abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process of claim 1, it is characterized in that the primary reinforcement combustion furnace (1) described in step is 1. and secondary reinforcement combustion furnace (2) adopt pipe-type burner, configuration automatic control system, fuel flow rate, air mass flow are automatically controlled, it is ensured that temperature >=1000 DEG C in burner。
3. the process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the flue gas produced according to the abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process of claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterized in that the secondary reinforcement combustion furnace (2) described in step is 1. is additionally provided with electronic striking and controls switch, realize the automatic ignition of fuel oil or fuel gas, guarantee after the CO in flue gas reaches setting concentration, i.e. ignition。
4. the process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the flue gas that the abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process described in claim 1 produces, it is characterized in that the porous SiN ceramic filter (3) adopted during step is 2., the silicon nitride foam ceramic material selecting silicon nitride, aluminium oxide and yittrium oxide composition manufactures, and the mass percent of three consists of silicon nitride: aluminium oxide: yittrium oxide=90:2:8。
5. the process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the flue gas produced according to the abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process of claim 1, it is characterized in that countercurrent flow waste heat boiler (4) flue gas described in step is 3. and boiler afterheat reclaim the heat exchange between working medium and adopt double-jacket tube formula countercurrent heat exchange method or three bushing type countercurrent heat exchange methods；Wherein:
Described double-jacket tube formula countercurrent heat exchange method, heat-exchanger rig is made up of the two straight tube suit configuration combinations that several diameters are different, and flue gas walks central canal, and waste heat recovery working medium walks annular space pipe, and the two flow direction is contrary, it is achieved countercurrent flow；
Three described bushing type countercurrent heat exchange methods, heat-exchanger rig is made up of the three straight tube suit configurations that diameter is different, and flue gas walks central canal and outer annular space, and waste heat recovery working medium walks interior annular space pipe, and the two flow direction is contrary, it is achieved countercurrent flow。
6. the process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the flue gas produced according to the abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process of claim 1, it is characterised in that step 4. described in the combined heat pipe exchanger that is made up of the heat pipe being filled with different working medium in pipe of combined heat pipe exchanger (5)。
7. the process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the flue gas produced according to the abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process of claim 1, it is characterised in that step 4. described in combined heat pipe exchanger (5) heat pipe in the working medium that adopts be sodium-potassium-sodium alloy and the water of different ratio respectively。
8. the process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the flue gas produced according to the abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process of claim 7, it is characterised in that the proportioning of described sodium-potassium-sodium alloy is that in sodium-potassium-sodium alloy, the percentage by weight of potassium is 46%～89%。
9. the process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the flue gas produced according to the abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process of claim 7, it is characterised in that the proportioning of described sodium-potassium-sodium alloy is that in sodium-potassium-sodium alloy, the percentage by weight of potassium is 60%～80%。
10. the process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the flue gas produced according to the abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process of claim 1, it is characterized in that the combined heat pipe exchanger (5) described in step is 4. be abandoned printed circuit board incinerator, primary reinforcement combustion furnace (1) and secondary reinforcement combustion furnace (2) provide high temperature combustion air, improve combustion position, improve efficiency of combustion, save fuel, or provide the cleaning of >=350 DEG C to dry for other hot blasts user to use hot blast。
11. the process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the flue gas that the abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process described in claim 1 produces, it is characterized in that step acid gas removal method 6., adopting NaOH aqueous solution is acid gas removal agent, with Ca (OH)2Aqueous solution is regenerative agent, after NaOH aqueous solution lost efficacy, by Ca (OH)2After aqueous solution regeneration, reuse。
12. the process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the flue gas that the abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process described in claim 1 produces, it is characterised in that the working medium of described countercurrent flow waste heat boiler (4) is water or low boiling organic working medium。
13. the process device of two English class atmosphere pollutions in the flue gas that the abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process described in claim 1 produces, it is characterized in that the heat energy that countercurrent flow waste heat boiler (4) and combined heat pipe exchanger (5) reclaim, directly use with the form of heat energy, or be electric energy or mechanical energy by the thermal energy of recovery。
CN201610195264.6A 2016-03-31 2016-03-31 The processing unit for the dioxin in flue gas class atmosphere pollution that abandoned printed circuit board fire metallurgy process generates Active CN105698200B (en)

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