CN105685069A - Suspension seed coating agent capable of promoting germinating capacity of seeds - Google Patents
Suspension seed coating agent capable of promoting germinating capacity of seeds Download PDFInfo
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- CN105685069A CN105685069A CN201610201158.4A CN201610201158A CN105685069A CN 105685069 A CN105685069 A CN 105685069A CN 201610201158 A CN201610201158 A CN 201610201158A CN 105685069 A CN105685069 A CN 105685069A
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- amino
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- coating agent
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N47/18—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, directly attached to a heterocyclic or cycloaliphatic ring
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
Abstract
The invention relates to a suspension seed coating agent capable of promoting the germinating capacity of seeds. The suspension seed coating agent is prepared from the following effective components in percentage by weight: 5%-10% of carbendazim, 2%-5% of JS399-19 and 1%-3% of amino-oligosaccharin, wherein the weight ratio of the carbendazim to the JS399-19 to the amino-oligosaccharin is (5-10) to (2-5) to (1-3). The suspension seed coating agent provided by the invention not only has a disease prevention and treatment effect, but also can be used for promoting the germinating capacity, so that the seeds can sprout and grow into seedlings in advance; and the seedling emergency rate of the seeds can be easily improved and the quality of plants at a seedling stage is improved, so that the aims of reducing seed cost and complementary planting work of the seedlings, and saving time and labor can be achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural pharmaceutical techniques field, be specifically related to a kind of suspension seed-coating agent that can promote Seed germinating ability。
Background technology
Carbendazim, English name is carbendazim, and chemical name is:: N-(2-benzimidazole base)-methyl carbamate。It is a kind of broad-spectrum germicide, high-efficiency low-toxicity, there is interior suction and therapeutical effect, the disease that various crop is caused by fungus (such as Fungi Imperfecti, many ascomycetess) is respectively provided with prevention effect, it is adaptable to foliar spray, seed treatment and soil treatment。
2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate, is the new type bactericide independently formulated of Jiangsu Pesticide Research Institute Co., Ltd。This compound belongs to cyanoacrylate; efficiently, micro-poison, wide spectrum, low-residual, environmentally friendly; to being had protection and therapeutical effect by the microbial plant disease of reaping hook, can be applicable to the preventing and treating microbial wheat scab of reaping hook, cotton wilt, banana Panama disease, bakanae disease of rice, watermelon blight etc.。
Amino-oligosaccharide, English name is: oligosaccharins, is the class polysaccharide compound with induction of resistance, and the mechanism that plant produces disease resistance can be induced mainly to excite gene expression in plants, produce that there are the chitinase of antibacterial action, glucanase, protective plant protecting agent and PR albumen etc., thus suppressing the gene expression of pathogenic bacteria, and there is cell activation effect, stimulating growth, contribute to being injured the recovery of plant, short root strong sprout, strengthen the resistance of crop, promote growth and development of plants。
Existing it have been experienced that, inducer processes seed can make crop obtain relevant resistance, as phaseolus vulgaris seeds processes through induction of resistance, plant can be made in the trophophase harm from anthrax；Process rice seedling rhizome portion with derivant and can strengthen the Oryza sativa L. resistance to banded sclerotial blight；Process muskmelon seeds with inducer and droop is had good preventive effect, and to seed germination safety, Fructus Melo radicle growth can be promoted, increase fibrous root quantity and plant fresh weight。
In modern agriculture, utilizing seed coat agent that seed carries out chemicals treatment is preventing and treating subterranean pest-insect and soil passes, one of the method for seed-borne disease economical and convenient。Seed coat agent is a kind of for crop or other plant seed treatment, the pesticidal preparations with film forming characteristics, and it can solidify to form, at the surface of the seed, the film being called kind of clothing。Seed coat agent in soil imbibition and be not dissolved, allow seed normally to germinate required moisture and air passes through, the material slow releasing such as contained pesticide and seed manure, subterranean pest-insect, prevention insect in seedling stage and preventing and treating sprout term disease can be killed, thus reaching to improve percentage of seedgermination, promote seedling healthy growth, reduce effect of seed consumption。
At present, the seed coat agent that market is promoted the use of, effect of general only diseases prevention or insect protected, without the quality improving plant in seedling stage, improves effect of Seed germinating ability。It is known that the general siccocolous ability of seedling being unearthed is stronger, if meeting arid without dew soil chitting piece, easily dehydration causes the withered death of seed, and planting percent reduces。Therefore study a kind of seed coat agent that can promote Seed germinating ability and just seem particularly necessary, by promoting that seed is emerged in advance in bad weather condition, strengthen the resistance of seed, thus being greatly improved the planting percent of seed, advantageously reduce seed costs and operation of filling the gaps with seedlings, reach the purpose of time and labour saving。
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of suspension seed-coating agent that can promote Seed germinating ability, has anti-effect of curing the disease, moreover it is possible to promote Seed germinating ability, makes seed unearthed seedling ahead of time, improves the quality of plant in seedling stage。
The present invention is by the following technical solutions: a kind of suspension seed-coating agent that can promote Seed germinating ability, effective ingredient is grouped into by the one-tenth of following weight ratio: carbendazim 5-10%, 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate 2-5%, amino-oligosaccharide 1-3%, the weight ratio of carbendazim, 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate and amino-oligosaccharide is: 5-10:2-5:1-3, preferably, the weight ratio of carbendazim, 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate and amino-oligosaccharide is 5:2:1 or 10:2:1。
Suspension seed-coating agent of the present invention possibly together with the adjuvant of common pesticidal preparations include emulsifying agent, dispersant, film former, coloring agent, thickening agent agent, antifreeze, defoamer, stabilizer or other be of value to the material that effective ingredient is stable in the formulation and drug effect plays。
Preparation method of the present invention is: by carbendazim, 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate and amino-oligosaccharide through comminution by gas stream, after wetting dispersing agent, film former, coloring agent, viscosifier, antifreezing agent, preservative, defoamer and water are completely dissolved, put into sand mill in proportion to grind 2 times, until the fineness of the particles of suspension reaches D50It is 2～3 μm, D90< 8 μm, to obtain final product。
Suspension seed-coating agent prepared by the present invention is red flowable suspension, and low temperature, heat storage stability are qualified, and heat storage resolution ratio is less than 5%, and suspensibility is more than 90%, and wet screening is tested more than 98%, and by 45 μm of standard screens, fineness of the particles D50 is 2～3 μm。
Compared with prior art, the present invention possesses techniques below effect:
1, the present invention is with carbendazim, 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate and amino-oligosaccharide for effective ingredient, be conducive to expanding fungicidal spectrum, can effectively prevent and treat Oryza sativa L., corn and soybean and peanut and other crops by seed and the Bakanae disease of rice of Soil infection propagation, banded sclerotial blight, root rot, damping-off, corn-based maize ear rot, damping off, glume blight。
2, the composition Synergistic of the present invention, obtains unexpected seed treatment effect, is favorably improved preventive effect, reduces cost。
3, the present invention is except having effect of the diseases prevention of general seed treatment, moreover it is possible to promote the germinating power of seed, promotes that seed is emerged ahead of time, improves plant quality in seedling stage。
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, technical scheme and beneficial effect being described further, percentage ratio of the present invention is all weight percentage。
One, indoor joint toxicity measuring test
Embodiment 1: carbendazim, 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate and amino-oligosaccharide and the mixed agent Toxicity Determination to rice seedling blight
Subjects: rice seedling blight (Rhizoctoniasolani), is gathered by field, through indoor separation purification。
Test method: determine after the effective inhibition concentration scope of each medicament through prerun, presses carbendazim, 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate and amino-oligosaccharide and mixture preparation thereof active constituent content gradient series 5 concentration of dilution, compares with sterilized water。Carry out with reference to " People's Republic of China (PRC) agricultural industry criteria NY/T1156.2-2006 ", adopt mycelial growth rate method to measure。Variable concentrations medicament is added in sterilizing culture dish, every ware 1mL, add the PDA culture medium 10mL of sterilizing fusing, it is sufficiently mixed and makes flat board, the bacterium colony spread cultivation is broken into=bacterium the dish of 0.8cm, 1, every ware again, often processes 4 times and repeat, being placed in 25 DEG C of calorstats and cultivate, every 24h measures colony diameter 1 time。Calculate mycelial growth inhibition rate, obtain toxicity regression formula, calculate EC50, mycelial growth inhibition rate formula is as follows:
Mycelial growth inhibition rate (%)=(blank bacterium colony increases diameter-chemicals treatment bacterium colony and increases diameter)/blank bacterium colony increases diameter × 100
Evaluate the potentiation of pharmacy mix with the co-toxicity coefficient method (CTC) of the abundant method of Sun Yun, namely CTC≤80 are antagonism, and 80<CTC<120 is summation action, and CTC>=120 are potentiation。
Toxicity test result is in Table 1。
Table 1 carbendazim, 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate and amino-oligosaccharide and the mixture preparation Toxicity Determination table to rice seedling blight
| Reagent agent | Proportioning | LC50(mg/L) | Actual measurement toxicity index | Theoretical toxicity index | Co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) |
| Carbendazim (A) | / | 3.15 | 184.93 | / | / |
| 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate (B) | / | 2.61 | 222.69 | / | / |
| Amino-oligosaccharide (C) | / | 5.82 | 100.00 | / | / |
| A:B:C | 5:2:1 | 1.83 | 317.81 | 183.75 | 173.0 |
| A:B:C | 5:2:3 | 2.10 | 277.02 | 179.27 | 154.5 |
| A:B:C | 6:4:1 | 2.13 | 273.58 | 190.94 | 143.3 |
| A:B:C | 6:5:2 | 2.07 | 280.81 | 186.39 | 150.7 |
| A:B:C | 8:2:1 | 2.27 | 256.56 | 184.08 | 139.4 |
| A:B:C | 10:2:1 | 1.87 | 311.13 | 184.21 | 168.9 |
| A:B:C | 7:3:2 | 2.52 | 230.94 | 180.22 | 128.1 |
| A:B:C | 1:10:1 | 3.58 | 162.53 | 209.32 | 77.6 |
Measurement result shows, when the ratio of carbendazim, 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate and amino-oligosaccharide is 5-10:2-5:1-3, co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) is all higher than 120, has synergistic function；When carbendazim, 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate and amino-oligosaccharide proportioning are 5:2:1 and 10:2:1, co-toxicity coefficient is higher, and Synergistic is obvious。
Two, product embodiments
Embodiment 1:5% carbendazim 2% 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate 1% amino-oligosaccharide suspension seed-coating agent
Each constituent content (by weight) is: the former medicine 3% of carbendazim active compound 5%, 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate, the former medicine 1% of amino-oligosaccharide, agriculture breast 602 (emulsifying agent) 2%, dodecyl sodium sulfate (dispersant) 8%, Benzodiazepines (stabilizer) 2%, xanthan gum (thickening agent) 0.2%, n-octyl alcohol (defoamer) 1%, carbamide (antifreeze) 2%, basic rhodamine (coloring agent) 0.5%, add water and complement to 100%。Grind 3-4 hour in sand mill after mixing, make particle diameter all below 5 μm。
Embodiment 2:5% carbendazim 3% 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate 2% amino-oligosaccharide suspension seed-coating agent
Each constituent content (by weight) is: the former medicine 3% of carbendazim active compound 5%, 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate, amino-oligosaccharide 2%, agriculture breast 602 (emulsifying agent) 2%, sodium lignin sulfonate (dispersant) 5%, Benzodiazepines (stabilizer) 2%, xanthan gum (thickening agent) 0.5%, silicone oil (defoamer) 1%, carbamide (antifreeze) 2%, basic rhodamine (coloring agent) 0.5%, add water and complement to 100%。Mill in sand mill 3-4 hour after mixing, make particle diameter all below 5 μm。
Embodiment 3:8% carbendazim 2% 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate 1% amino-oligosaccharide suspension seed-coating agent
Each constituent content (by weight) is: the former medicine 10% of carbendazim active compound 15%, 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate, the former medicine 1% of amino-oligosaccharide, agriculture breast 602 (emulsifying agent) 2%, dodecyl sodium sulfate (dispersant) 10%, Benzodiazepines (stabilizer) 2%, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (film former) 3%, n-octyl alcohol (defoamer) 1%, ethylene glycol (antifreeze) 2%, basic rhodamine (coloring agent) 0.5%, add water and complement to 100%。Mill in sand mill after mixing 3～4 hours, make particle diameter all below 5 μm。
Embodiment 4:10% carbendazim 1% 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate 2% amino-oligosaccharide suspension seed-coating agent
Each constituent content (by weight) is: the former medicine 15% of carbendazim active compound 20%, 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate, the former medicine 2% of amino-oligosaccharide, agriculture breast 602 (emulsifying agent) 2%, dodecyl sodium sulfate (dispersant) 8%, Benzodiazepines (stabilizer) 2%, xanthan gum (thickening agent) 0.2%, n-octyl alcohol (defoamer) 1%, carbamide (antifreeze) 2%, basic rhodamine (coloring agent) 0.5%, add water and complement to 100%。Mill in sand mill after mixing 3～4 hours, make particle diameter all below 5 μm。
Two, Application Example
Embodiment 1: the field test of the mixed agent preventing and treating Bakanae disease of rice containing carbendazim 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate amino-oligosaccharide
(1) test processes: test group 1#-4#, respectively product embodiments 1-embodiment 4 gained preparation。With 20% carbendazim suspension seed-coating agent 1# as a control group；With 10% 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate suspension seed-coating agent 2# as a control group, with 5% amino-oligosaccharide suspension seed-coating agent for matched group 3#, test group 1#-4# and matched group 1#-3# being carried out seed rice seed dressing, each process is all dressed seed according to the pharmaceutical quantities of uniform cost budget。Test arranges a blank simultaneously, and each process is all provided with 3 times and repeats, and experimental plot area is 2m2。
(2) test method: selected full seed, after accelerating germination, (bud length is advisable to grain 1/3 is long) is placed in plastic tub, the coating solution (adding water medicament furnishing medicinal liquid by kind of an amount 8%) prepared is poured on seed equably, it is gently mixed in basin with the both hands overlapping plastic bag, after the medicine that makes seed uniform, spread out in ventilation, sow after slightly drying。
(3) investigation method: often process and be taken separated from 200 seeds in land for growing field crops concentration sowing, investigate 1 seed sprouting situation respectively, detect emergence rate for after planting 7 days and 15 days。In the rice seedling bed 3 leaf phase, in conjunction with the field growth of cereal crop seedlings and bakanae disease, a situation arises, adopts 5 methods, every some investigation 0.2m2, meter record bakanae disease of rice generation quantity, calculate sickness rate。Result of the test is in Table 2
The mixed agent preventing and treating Bakanae disease of rice field test results of table 2 carbendazim, 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate and amino-oligosaccharide
Table 2 result shows: under uniform cost budget, and test group 1#-4# can effectively prevent and treat the Bakanae disease of rice, and compared with the single dose of medicament matched group 1#-3#, after planting the emergence rate of 6 days exceeds more than 10%, and after planting the emergence rate of 15 days high 15% goes out above；Compared with the single dose of medicament matched group 1#-3#, the prevention effect of the Bakanae disease of rice is wanted excellent more than 20%, illustrates, with the ternary built preparation of carbendazim, 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate and amino-oligosaccharide, there is synergistic function。
Embodiment 2: containing the field test of the mixed agent corn seed dressing of carbendazim 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate amino-oligosaccharide
(1) EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: respectively using product embodiments 1～embodiment 4 gained preparation as test group 1#, test group 2#, test group 3#, test group 4#；With 20% carbendazim suspension seed-coating agent for matched group 1#；With 10% 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate suspension seed-coating agent for matched group 2#, with 5% amino-oligosaccharide suspension seed-coating agent for matched group 3#, with 30% commercially available 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate Difenoconazole (3:27) suspension seed-coating agent for matched group 4#, each process all carries out corn seed dressing according to the pharmaceutical quantities of uniform cost budget。Test arranges a blank simultaneously。
(2) test method: Spring maize seeding, the corn seed bunch planting will dressed seed in the soil of arid relatively, 3, every cave maize seed, each process 100 cave。Farming operation in each process keeps consistent。
(3) result investigation: after planting 7 days and 15 days, adds up emergence of corn number, calculates the emergence rate of each process；Perusal maize seedling gesture simultaneously, measures and adds up the plant height of Semen Maydis for after planting 20 days, sets plant height=maximum blade and stretches the length of root Horizon, calculates the plant height rate of increase of each process。
Plant height rate of increase=(plant height of each plant height-blank processed)/blank plant height × 100%
Result of the test is as shown in table 3:
Table 3 result shows: under uniform cost budget, and after planting the emergence rate of 7 days: test group 1#-4# exceeds more than 15% than matched group 1#-4#。After planting 15 days, the emergence rate of test group 1#-4# exceeded more than 10% than matched group 1#-3#, little with the matched group 4# difference of commercially available prod, all reached more than 92%, illustrated that the medicament of the present invention can promote that seed is emerged ahead of time；After medicine 20 days, being measured by plant height, the plant height of test group 1#-4# exceeds more than 10% than blank, the leaf dark green of perusal test group 1#-4#, illustrates that the medicament of the present invention can promote growth of seedling, promotes strong Seedling strong sprout。
Claims (3)
1. the suspension seed-coating agent that can promote Seed germinating ability, it is characterised in that effective ingredient is made up of carbendazim, 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate, amino-oligosaccharide, the weight ratio of carbendazim, 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate and amino-oligosaccharide is: 5-10:2-5:1-3。
2. the suspension seed-coating agent that can promote Seed germinating ability according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the weight ratio of carbendazim, 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate and amino-oligosaccharide is 5:2:1 or 10:2:1。
3. the suspension seed-coating agent that can promote Seed germinating ability according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that the percentage by weight of carbendazim be 5-10%, 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate percentage by weight be 2-5%, amino-oligosaccharide percentage by weight be 1-3%。
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101491252A (en) * | 2009-03-10 | 2009-07-29 | 陕西韦尔奇作物保护有限公司 | Bactericial composition containing JS399-19 and carbendazim |
| CN101816305A (en) * | 2010-05-09 | 2010-09-01 | 海南正业中农高科股份有限公司 | Bactericide pesticide composite containing oligochitosan |
| CN102939977A (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2013-02-27 | 海南正业中农高科股份有限公司 | Sterilization combination containing oligosaccharide and methoxy acrylic ester ingredient |
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2016
- 2016-04-01 CN CN201610201158.4A patent/CN105685069A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101491252A (en) * | 2009-03-10 | 2009-07-29 | 陕西韦尔奇作物保护有限公司 | Bactericial composition containing JS399-19 and carbendazim |
| CN101816305A (en) * | 2010-05-09 | 2010-09-01 | 海南正业中农高科股份有限公司 | Bactericide pesticide composite containing oligochitosan |
| CN102939977A (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2013-02-27 | 海南正业中农高科股份有限公司 | Sterilization combination containing oligosaccharide and methoxy acrylic ester ingredient |
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Application publication date: 20160622 |