CN105684883A - 一种在黑龙江稻区快速选育耐寒优质粳稻品种的方法 - Google Patents

一种在黑龙江稻区快速选育耐寒优质粳稻品种的方法 Download PDF

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CN105684883A
CN105684883A CN201610046716.4A CN201610046716A CN105684883A CN 105684883 A CN105684883 A CN 105684883A CN 201610046716 A CN201610046716 A CN 201610046716A CN 105684883 A CN105684883 A CN 105684883A
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朱崴
李志彬
刘桂林
亓娜
章莹
蔡卓
曲丽君
肖艳云
关峰
刘欣
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CHINA NATIONAL JAPONICA RICE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER
Tianjin Tianlong Science & Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种在黑龙江稻区快速选育耐寒优质粳稻品种的方法。其包括以下技术步骤：以含有中等直链淀粉含量、软胶稠度、香味的优良品质基因的品种作为供体亲本，以黑龙江地区主栽品种为受体轮回亲本，杂交一代回交一代得到BC1F1；对BC1F1单株进行SSR分析其遗传背景，筛选目标基因者，且含有更多受体遗传背景的植株，再与轮回亲本回交，得到基因型为BC2F1；同样的方法得到BC3F1；对BC3F1单株进行SSR分析其遗传背景，选出含目标基因、更多受体遗传背景个体，套袋自交，得到BC3F2；对BC3F2单株进行SSR分析其遗传背景，选出含纯合目标基因、更多受体遗传背景个体，同时在抽穗前15天左右，运用冷水串池72小时的方法，进行耐寒筛选鉴定，并在实验室进行米质检测鉴定。

Description

一种在黑龙江稻区快速选育耐寒优质粳稻品种的方法
技术领域
本发明提出了一种分子标记辅助选择，快速增强耐寒性，改善水稻食味品质新品种的培育方法。仅需5个世代便可将控制水稻中等直链淀粉含量、软胶稠度、香味基因定向导入受体品种，同时保留受体品种的其它特征特性。采用杂交、回交、分子标记检测与米质分析相结合的办法，培育优质水稻新品种的程序和步骤，在保障供体目标基因导入的同时，更多的保留受体遗传背景，改良型优质新品种便可高效的选育出来。
背景技术
对于黑龙江稻区水稻改良的主要目标是耐寒、高产、优质、多抗。但是，随着人民生活水平的不断提高和进出口贸易的快速发展，稻米品质已经逐渐成为第一育种目标，市场对稻米品质的要求越来越高，稻米品质相对于产量而言，已成为一个急需解决的问题。现阶段，立足于杂交水稻的高产而迅速改良其品质，达到高产优质相统一，是一条非常有效的育种途径。
稻米品质一般包括：(1)蒸煮和食味品质：直链淀粉含量(AmylosecontentAC)，胶稠度(GelconsistencyGC)、糊化温度(GelatinizationtemperatureGT)、香味；(2)加工品质：出糙率、出精率、整精米率；(3)外观品质：坚白、透明度、粒形、光泽；(4)营养品质：蛋白质含量和脂肪含量等。稻米品质是多种性状的综合表现，其中蒸煮和食味品质最为重要，一般认为中等直链淀粉含量、软胶稠度、中等糊化温度和有香味是稻米食味与蒸煮品质的重要指标。
有关水稻食味品质育种的常规方法效率低、而且稻米品质是个多性状的综合表现，且各个性状较难控制，而且受环境影响较大，以表型来推测各品质性状存在一定的局限性，如何加快优良稻米品质的选择进程，提高优质稻米的育种效率，是稻米品质育种急需解决的重要问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是应用分子检测技术改善水稻品质，同时增强耐寒性，辅助常规育种方法改良品种米质的过程。
为实现以上目的，本发明的技术方案步骤如下：
(1)以含有中等直链淀粉含量、软胶稠度、香味的优良品质基因的品种作为供体亲本，以黑龙江地区主栽品种为受体轮回亲本，杂交一代回交一代得到BC1F1；
(2)对BC1F1单株进行SSR分析其遗传背景，筛选目标基因者，且含有更多受体遗传背景的植株，再与轮回亲本回交，得到基因型为BC2F1；
(3)重复步骤(2)得到BC3F1；
(4)对BC3F1单株进行SSR分析其遗传背景，选出含目标基因、更多受体遗传背景个体，套袋自交，得到BC3F2；
(5)对BC3F2单株进行SSR分析其遗传背景，选出含纯合目标基因、更多受体遗传背景个体，同时在抽穗前15天左右，运用冷水串池72小时的方法，进行耐寒筛选鉴定，并在实验室进行米质检测鉴定。
具体实施方式
实例1以稻花香为供体亲本，龙粳25为受体，选育优质、耐寒龙粳25改良系。
(1)以含有中等直链淀粉含量、软胶稠度、香味的优良品质基因的品种稻花香作为供体亲本，以耐寒性强的龙粳25为受体轮回亲本，将二者杂交，得到的得到子一代杂种与受体亲本进行回交，为确保基因型的完整性，采取“多穴少粒”的办法杂交获得BC1F1的回交一代200粒；
(2)对BC1F1单株进行SSR检测，筛选含有中等直链淀粉含量、软胶稠度、香味的目标基因者，且与轮回亲本最多相同带的单株，再与轮回亲本回交，得到基因型为BC2F1的回交二代；
(3)对BC2F1单株进行SSR检测，选出含目标基因且在该基因一侧与紧密连锁的分子标记发生交换者，且拥有与轮回亲本遗传背景最多的单株，再与轮回亲本回交，得到基因型为BC3F1的回交三代；
(4)对BC3F1单株进行SSR检测，选出含目标基因且在该基因另一侧与另一紧密连锁的分子标记发生交换的单株，套袋自交，得到BC3F2的杂交后代500粒；
(5)对BC3F2单株进行SSR检测，选出含目标基因纯合的单株，且除目标基因区段外的遗传背景大部分为受体亲本相同的单株85穴，即为遗传背景与受体亲本基本一致，且带有中等直链淀粉含量、软胶稠度和香味的改良型优质水稻品种。同时对该85个株系进行耐寒筛选，运用冷水串池的方法，抽穗前15天左右，均已15-17摄氏度低温，进行高强度耐冷筛选。对整个生育期叶片及成熟后结实情况进行对比，同时结合生育期、产量、株型、抗稻瘟病、等性状，选择结实率高的15个品系；再对15个品系进行实验室米质检测，主要对出糙率、整精米率、垩白粒米率、垩白度、直链淀粉含量、胶稠度等指标进行分析，最终得到3号为耐寒性强、米质最佳的龙粳25改良系。

Claims (1)

1.一种在黑龙江稻区快速选育耐寒优质粳稻品种的方法，其特征在于：
(1)以含有中等直链淀粉含量、软胶稠度、香味的优良品质基因的品种稻花香作为供体亲本，以耐寒性强的龙粳25为受体轮回亲本，将二者杂交，得到的得到子一代杂种与受体亲本进行回交，为确保基因型的完整性，采取“多穴少粒”的办法杂交获得BC1F1的回交一代200粒；
(2)对BC1F1单株进行SSR检测，筛选含有中等直链淀粉含量、软胶稠度、香味的目标基因者，且与轮回亲本最多相同带的单株，再与轮回亲本回交，得到基因型为BC2F1的回交二代；
(3)对BC2F1单株进行SSR检测，选出含目标基因且在该基因一侧与紧密连锁的分子标记发生交换者，且拥有与轮回亲本遗传背景最多的单株，再与轮回亲本回交，得到基因型为BC3F1的回交三代；
(4)对BC3F1单株进行SSR检测，选出含目标基因且在该基因另一侧与另一紧密连锁的分子标记发生交换的单株，套袋自交，得到BC3F2的杂交后代500粒；
(5)对BC3F2单株进行SSR检测，选出含目标基因纯合的单株，且除目标基因区段外的遗传背景大部分为受体亲本相同的单株85穴，即为遗传背景与受体亲本基本一致，且带有中等直链淀粉含量、软胶稠度和香味的改良型优质水稻品种。同时对该85个株系进行耐寒筛选，运用冷水串池的方法，抽穗前15天左右，均已15-17摄氏度低温，进行高强度耐冷筛选。对整个生育期叶片及成熟后结实情况进行对比，同时结合生育期、产量、株型、抗稻瘟病、等性状，选择结实率高的15个品系；再对15个品系进行实验室米质检测，主要对出糙率、整精米率、垩白粒米率、垩白度、直链淀粉含量、胶稠度等指标进行分析，最终得到3号为耐寒性强、米质最佳的龙粳25改良系。
CN201610046716.4A 2016-01-13 2016-01-13 一种在黑龙江稻区快速选育耐寒优质粳稻品种的方法 Pending CN105684883A (zh)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106577256A (zh) * 2016-12-03 2017-04-26 安徽省农业科学院水稻研究所 一种快速导入水稻目标性状的选育方法
CN107041296A (zh) * 2017-03-22 2017-08-15 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 一种快速聚合水稻抗冷和抗稻瘟病性的育种方法
CN107333642A (zh) * 2017-06-30 2017-11-10 重庆师范大学 一种耐冷水稻的分子育种方法
CN109430052A (zh) * 2018-11-02 2019-03-08 安徽农业大学 一种乌菜耐寒性的快速鉴定方法
CN111808865A (zh) * 2020-07-15 2020-10-23 华中农业大学 Wcr1基因在调节稻米心白率或食味品质中的应用
CN112586342A (zh) * 2020-12-04 2021-04-02 国家粳稻工程技术研究中心 一种提高恢复系粳稻耐寒性的育种方法

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1279884A (zh) * 1999-07-09 2001-01-17 华中农业大学 一种改良杂交稻恢复系抗性的方法
CN1475106A (zh) * 2002-08-14 2004-02-18 华中农业大学 一种快速改良水稻品质的方法

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1279884A (zh) * 1999-07-09 2001-01-17 华中农业大学 一种改良杂交稻恢复系抗性的方法
CN1475106A (zh) * 2002-08-14 2004-02-18 华中农业大学 一种快速改良水稻品质的方法

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106577256A (zh) * 2016-12-03 2017-04-26 安徽省农业科学院水稻研究所 一种快速导入水稻目标性状的选育方法
CN107041296A (zh) * 2017-03-22 2017-08-15 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 一种快速聚合水稻抗冷和抗稻瘟病性的育种方法
CN107333642A (zh) * 2017-06-30 2017-11-10 重庆师范大学 一种耐冷水稻的分子育种方法
CN109430052A (zh) * 2018-11-02 2019-03-08 安徽农业大学 一种乌菜耐寒性的快速鉴定方法
CN111808865A (zh) * 2020-07-15 2020-10-23 华中农业大学 Wcr1基因在调节稻米心白率或食味品质中的应用
CN112586342A (zh) * 2020-12-04 2021-04-02 国家粳稻工程技术研究中心 一种提高恢复系粳稻耐寒性的育种方法
CN112586342B (zh) * 2020-12-04 2022-03-01 国家粳稻工程技术研究中心 一种提高恢复系粳稻耐寒性的育种方法

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Address before: Tianjin economic and Technological Development Zone, Tianjin City, 300457 Mu Ning Road No. 11

Applicant before: CHINA NATIONAL JAPONICA RICE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER

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WD01 Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication
WD01 Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication

Application publication date: 20160622