CN105683771A - 具有电池组模块和用于识别通过未经授权者的电池交换的电路装置的设备 - Google Patents
具有电池组模块和用于识别通过未经授权者的电池交换的电路装置的设备 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明基于设备(1),所述设备具有由至少一个单原电池(20)组成的电池组模块(10)、具有在电池组模块(10)的最高电势和电池组模块(10)的参考电势之间的模块电压(UMOD)的分接头。本发明的核心在于,所述设备(1)具有电路装置(30),所述电路装置(30)与模块电压(UMOD)的分接头连接,并且被设立用于,在模块电压(UMOD)下降到零时,输出信号(35)。
Description
技术领域
本发明基于设备,所述设备具有由至少一个单原电池组成的电池组模块、具有在电池组模块的最高电势和电池组模块的参考电势之间的模块电压的分接头。
背景技术
在混合动力车辆或者电动车辆情况下,蓄电池组、例如锂离子蓄电池由多个单电池构建,以便能够提供在技术上有意义的电压或者在技术上有意义的电流。为了也能够使用电压或者电流,所述蓄电池组拥有分接头,负载以及监控和控制单元可以被连接在所述分接头上。
发明任务
本发明的任务是识别:电池组模块的一个或多个单电池是否被未经授权者替换。单电池通过未经授权者的这样的替换可能导致:为了控制电池组包被输送给电池组管理系统(BMS)的数据不再彼此协调,并且因此无干扰的运行不再能够被保证。此外如果例如与原有的电池不同的电池被装入或者电池被错误地连接,则由此在运行时存在增高的火灾和爆炸危险。
发明内容
发明优点
本发明基于设备,所述设备具有由至少一个单原电池组成的电池组模块、具有在电池组模块的最高电势和电池组模块的参考电势之间的模块电压的分接头。本发明的核心在于:所述设备具有电路装置,所述电路装置与模块电压的分接头连接,并且被设立用于:在模块电压下降到零时输出信号。在此情况下有利的是,借助于输出的信号可以识别:电池是否被交换。因此可以理解:未经授权者是否已进行了电池交换。
本发明的有利的扩展方案规定:所述设备具有处理单元,所述处理单元被设立用于接收和处理信号。在此情况下有利的是,处理单元可以使用电路装置的信号,用于使电池组模块的电池已被交换例如从外来看是可见的。
本发明的另一优选的扩展方案规定:处理单元被设立用于存储信号。在此情况下有利的是:即使在例如通过替换单独的电路部分或者影响信号,使电路装置再次重新回到初始状态中的情况下,事后也可以识别出:电池已被替换。
按照本发明的优选的实施方式规定,电路装置具有电容器、串联电阻、正常导通的MOSFET、保险装置以及第一电路节点、第二电路节点、第三电路节点和第四电路节点,其中电池组模块的最高电势施加在第一电路节点处,并且其中电池组模块的参考电势施加在第二电路节点处,并且其中电容器布置在第二电路节点和第三电路节点之间,并且其中串联电阻布置在第一电路节点和第三电路节点之间,并且其中保险装置布置在第三电路节点和第四电路节点之间,并且其中第四电路节点与MOSFET的漏极端子连接,并且其中MOSFET的源极端子与第二电路节点连接,并且其中MOSFET的栅极端子与第一电路节点连接。在此情况下有利的是,电路装置由仅几个构件构建,并且如果模块电压下降到零,仍然可靠地输出信号。
本发明的另一优选的实施方式规定,电路装置具有电压调节器和触发器、尤其带有异步控制输入端的触发器,其中模块电压施加在电压调节器的输入端处,并且其中电压调节器的输出端与触发器连接,并且其中不仅电压调节器而且触发器使用电池组模块的参考电势作为地。在此情况下有利的是,触发器仅能够在输出端处采取两个可能的稳定状态之一,并且根据输出哪个状态可以推断出:模块电压是否下降到零。
本发明的另一有利的扩展方案规定,电路装置的线路布置在多层印制电路板的内部中。在此情况下有利的是,所述结构方式抵制操纵尝试。例如由此防止:线路可能简单地被跨接并且接着单电池可能未识别地由未经授权者替换。
本发明的另一优选的实施方式规定,模块电压的分接头利用涂层材料、尤其漆或者树脂覆盖。在此情况下有利的是,如果有人已经接触分接头用以跨接电池组模块以便因此交换电池,而这不能由电路装置识别,那么可以视觉地识别。因此所述实施方式同样地抵制操纵尝试。
附图说明
图1示出具有电路装置和处理单元的按照本发明的设备。
图2示出按照本发明的电路装置的第一实施例。
图3示出按照本发明的电路装置的第二实施例。
具体实施方式
图1示出具有电路装置和处理单元的按照本发明的设备。由电池组模块10、电路装置30和处理单元40组成的设备1被示出。电池组模块10在此由多个串联的单原电池20构建。此外,设备1拥有在电池组模块10的最高电势和电池组模块10的参考电势之间的分接头,在所述分接头处可以分接模块电压U-MOD。分接头与电路装置30连接,并且因此将瞬时模块电压UMOD提供给电路装置30。电路装置30此外与处理单元40连接,由此电路装置30可以将信号35传输给处理单元40。
在可替代的未图解地示出的实施例中,处理单元40被实施为微控制器。微控制器从电路装置40接收信号35,并且可以从信号35推断出:模块电压UMOD是否下降到零,并且因此一个或多个单电池20是否被替换了。如果这一点被识别出,那么微控制器可以将所识别的结果可替代地也存储在内部存储单元中,以便也可以在以后的时间点读出所述结果。此外可设想的是,微控制器还例如借助于LED或者通过显示器上的显示向外给出信号,用以使用户明白:一个或多个电池20被未经授权者替换了。在另一可替代的扩展方案中,电池组模块10也可以由任意并联的和/或串联的单电池20构建。然而在此情况下必须注意,确保电池组模块10在移除至少一个单电池20时变为无电压的。作为其他可替代的扩展方案可设想的是,代替电池组模块10,唯一的单电池而或者电池组包可以被布置。
图2示出按照本发明的电路装置的第一实施例。电路装置30在此由电容器50、串联电阻60、正常导通的(normalleitend)MOSFET70、保险装置80、第一电路节点K1、第二电路节点K2、第三电路节点K3和第四电路节点K4组成。由电池组模块10借助于分接头提供的模块电压UMOD被提供给电路装置30,其中第一电路节点K1与电池组模块10的最高电势连接,并且第二电路节点K2与电池组模块10的参考电势连接。此外,电容器50布置在第二电路节点K2和第三电路节点K3之间。此外,串联电阻60布置在第一电路节点K1和第三电路节点K3之间,电容器50通过所述串联电阻60充电。MOSFET70在漏极侧与第四电路节点K4连接,在源极侧与第二电路节点K2连接并且在栅极侧与第一电路节点K1连接。此外,保险装置80布置在第三电路节点K3与第四电路节点K4之间。此外,用于信号35的分接头被布置在第四电路节点K4处。
按照图2的电路装置30在运行中这样地起作用,使得电容器50由模块电压UMOD通过串联电阻60被充电。现存的模块电压UMOD也施加在正常导通的MOSFET70的栅极上,由此该MOSFET70截止。如果因为例如串联的电池20之一被交换,现在模块电压UMOD下降到零,那么栅极电压也等于零,并且MOSFET70变为导通的。接着,电容器50通过现在导通的MOSFET70并且通过保险装置80放电。在电容器50的足够大的电容的情况下,在此保险装置80被触发,这又导致通过现在高欧姆的保险装置的压降,所述压降作为信号35被分接。因此可以借助于信号35推断出:模块电压UMOD是否下降到零,这又表示可能的电池交换。
在可替代的未图解地示出的实施例中,保险装置80被实施为熔断器。由此,已经可以根据视觉检查来检验:保险装置80是否已经触发,这是模块电压UMOD下降到零并且因此一个或多个单电池20已被交换的明确的迹象。可替代地也可设想的是,采用自复位的保险装置或者线路保护开关,由此多个电池交换能够被识别。此外,在通过未经授权者替换单电池20后,不必替换保险装置80,以便将电路装置30再次置于如在电路装置30开始运转时给定的状态中。
图3示出按照本发明的电路装置的第二实施例。电路装置30在此由电压调节器90和具有异步控制输入端的触发器100组成。电压调节器90的输入端与电池组模块10的最高电势连接。此外,电压调节器90使用电池组模块10的参考电势作为地。电压调节器90的输出端与触发器100的供应输入端、信号输入端以及否定的复位预先给定值输入端和否定的启动预先给定值输入端连接。触发器100的输出端从电路装置30引出,并且表示信号35。此外,触发器100同样地使用电池组模块10的参考电势作为地。
按照图3的电路装置30在运行中这样地起作用,使得在开始运转时触发器100通过时钟信号设置,并且因此触发器100的输出端具有定义的状态,所述输出端表示信号35。电压调节器90在此用于,尽管通过电池组模块10的充电过程和放电过程触发的模块电压UMOD波动,但是为触发器100提供恒定的供应电压。因此,能够避免在触发器100的输出端处的可能的状态改变,所述状态改变将会通过在触发器100的输出端处的电压波动引起。然而如果在电压调节器的输出端处的电压由于电池交换而下降到零,那么触发器的由电压调节器供应的输入端也被拉到零。重新施加供应电压接着改变触发器100的输出状态,由此信号35的值改变。由于信号35与在电路装置开始运转时设定的期望值的偏差可以推断出:模块电压UMOD下降到零,这又用信号通知可能的电池交换。
Claims (7)
1.设备(1),具有由至少一个单原电池(20)组成的电池组模块(10)、具有在电池组模块(10)的最高电势和电池组模块(10)的参考电势之间的模块电压(UMOD)的分接头,
其特征在于,
所述设备(1)具有电路装置(30),所述电路装置(30)与模块电压(UMOD)的分接头连接,并且被设立用于在模块电压(UMOD)下降到零时,输出信号(35)。
2.按照权利要求1所述的设备(1),其特征在于,所述设备(1)具有处理单元(40),所述处理单元(40)被设立用于接收和处理信号(35)。
3.按照权利要求2所述的设备(1),其特征在于,所述处理单元(40)被设立用于存储信号(35)。
4.按照权利要求1至3之一所述的设备(1),其特征在于,电路装置(30)具有电容器(50)、串联电阻(60)、正常导通的MOSFET(70)、保险装置(80)以及第一电路节点(K1)、第二电路节点(K2)、第三电路节点(K3)和第四电路节点(K4),
-其中电池组模块(10)的最高电势施加在第一电路节点(K1)处,和
-其中电池组模块(10)的参考电势施加在第二电路节点(K2)处,和
-其中所述电容器(50)布置在第二电路节点(K2)和第三电路节点(K3)之间,和
-其中串联电阻(60)布置在第一电路节点(K1)和第三电路节点(K3)之间,和
-其中保险装置(80)布置在第三电路节点(K3)和第四电路节点(K4)之间,和
-其中第四电路节点(K4)与MOSFET(70)的漏极端子连接,和
-其中MOSFET(70)的源极端子与第二电路节点(K2)连接,和
-其中MOSFET的栅极端子与第一电路节点(K1)连接。
5.按照权利要求1至3之一所述的设备(1),其特征在于,电路装置(30)具有电压调节器(90)和触发器(100)、尤其带有异步控制输入端的触发器,
-其中模块电压(UMOD)施加在电压调节器(90)的输入端处,和
-其中电压调节器(90)的输出端与触发器(100)连接,和
-其中不仅电压调节器(90)而且触发器(100)使用电池组模块(10)的参考电势作为地。
6.按照上述权利要求之一所述的设备(1),其特征在于,电路装置(30)的线路布置在多层印刷电路板的内部中。
7.按照上述权利要求之一所述的设备(1),其特征在于,模块电压(UMOD)的分接头利用涂层材料(110)、尤其漆或者树脂覆盖。
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