CN105676134B - A kind of SOH evaluation methods of vehicle lithium-ion power battery - Google Patents
A kind of SOH evaluation methods of vehicle lithium-ion power battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN105676134B CN105676134B CN201610011492.3A CN201610011492A CN105676134B CN 105676134 B CN105676134 B CN 105676134B CN 201610011492 A CN201610011492 A CN 201610011492A CN 105676134 B CN105676134 B CN 105676134B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
- G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
Abstract
The invention belongs to electric automobile power battery management system field, more particularly to a kind of Li-ion Battery Management System SOH appraisal procedures.For the present invention for the problems present in existing SOH evaluation methods, the DCR that power battery is calculated by dynamic assesses the internal resistance increase factor of power lithium-ion battery；It is handled up by the capacity of dynamic calculating power battery and assesses the capacity attenuation factor of power lithium-ion battery；On this basis, integrated use internal resistance increases the factor and the capacity attenuation factor, establishes a kind of SOH appraisal procedures.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to new energy car batteries to manage system regions, and in particular to a kind of power train in vehicle application lithium ion battery
Health status (SOH) evaluation method.
Background technology
Energy storage unit of the power battery as electric vehicle, performance directly affect the fuel economy of vehicle and move
Power.Because the actual motion environment of electric vehicle is extremely complex and protean, in order to ensure power battery pack
It can efficiently, reliably and securely work, an effective battery management system is required.Especially for activity
The lithium ion battery of (safety is poor) by force, the meaning and necessity of battery management system are then more prominent.Electric vehicle at
This is excessively high to cause Difficulty, and major reason among these is exactly that the cost drop of its dynamic lithium battery is not got off.If lithium battery
Service life increases, then can reduce its cost, be of great significance for electric vehicle.The service life of accurate estimation lithium battery group
State takes corresponding treatment measures accordingly, it is ensured that lithium battery is operated in optimal situation, and can greatly increase it uses the longevity
Life.The health status (State-of-Health, SOH) of lithium battery group describes the irreversible reaction in accumulator, its change
Change is a slow process.Under the practical working situation of electric vehicle, curent change is violent, and must be On-line Estimation,
Therefore research and this adaptable algorithm are needed, to make accurate judgement to the health status of lithium battery.
The SOH methods of estimation that automobile vendor, battery manufacturer and scientific research institution propose both at home and abroad at present can substantially be divided into several
Major class, including offline volume test, voltage curve fitting process, fuzzy reasoning method, artificial neural network algorithm etc..Classical is offline
Capacity test method is simple, but testing need to be offline, and convenience is poor.Voltage curve fitting process is strong relative to other estimation batteries at present
For the method for Kang Du, have the characteristics that small, at low cost, the easy realization of operand, and existing deficiency is exactly that versatility is poor, root
The model of the estimation SOH established according to voltage curve fitting process is only applicable to the lithium-ion-power cell of this model, in other words
It says and is exactly, if the battery of a collection of new models of Che Shanghuan is it is necessary to re-establishing appraising model.The method of fuzzy reasoning is first
The fuzzy logic model for first establishing a power battery is estimated in the course of work of battery using the method for closed loop fuzzy reasoning
The SOH of battery, but the fuzzy logic model of power battery is established and needs a large amount of experimental data, and go deep into finding mathematical law,
Training logic, method is complicated, and engineering is difficult to realize.Neural network has nonlinear fundamental characteristics, has parallel organization and
Habit ability can provide corresponding output for external drive, thus can simulated battery dynamic characteristic, and then estimate SOH value.God
Be suitable for various batteries through network technique, the disadvantage is that a large amount of reference data is needed to be trained, evaluated error by training data and
The influence of training method is very big.
Invention content
In order to solve shortcomings existing when above method used above estimates the SOH of power battery, the present invention
A kind of SOH evaluation methods of vehicle lithium-ion power battery are provided, using the internal resistance of cell and capacity as SOH deciding factors,
The variation of the increase of internal resistance and the derivative SOH of the decaying of capacity, the real-time internal resistance of monomer is recognized using dynamic operation condition voltage step method,
Changed using SOC and volume change ratio as capacity attenuation, the increase of comprehensive analysis internal resistance and the decaying of capacity are as the SOH factors.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is specific as follows：
One, the SOH models of vehicle lithium-ion power battery are established.
Wherein, the SOH models of the vehicle lithium-ion power battery are as follows：
SOH=a × SOHCap(k)+b×SOHDCR(k) (1)
In formula (1), SOHCap(k)Capacity attenuation corresponding SOH, a and b for the k moment are weight factor, a+b=1；And have：
In formula (2), SOHCap(k-1)For the corresponding SOH of capacity attenuation at k-1 moment；Cap(k)For at the beginning of the power battery design
Begin to the k moment to correspond to the capacity handling capacity under vehicle evaluation operating mode；Cap(k-1)For from power battery design initially to the k-1 moment pair
Vehicle is answered to evaluate the capacity handling capacity under operating mode；Cap(Total)It is commented initially to correspond to vehicle to end-of-life from power battery design
The total handling capacity of capacity under valence operating mode is calibration value；
In formula (3), SOHDCR(k)Increase corresponding SOH, DCR for the internal resistance at k moment(k)For the dynamic of k moment power batteries
Internal resistance, DCRBOLInitial time internal resistance, DCR are designed for power batteryEOLFor power battery projected life end time internal resistance；Its
In, DCRBOLAnd DCREOLIt is calibration value, SOHDCR(k)It is 100% when battery dispatches from the factory, is 0% when end-of-life；
OCVSOCFor the open-circuit voltage of the corresponding power battery of current state-of-charge (SOC), U(k)For the end of k moment power batteries
Voltage, i(k)For k moment corresponding electric current.
Two, SOH is acquiredCap(k-1)Cap(k)And Cap(k-1), SOH is estimated according to formula (2)Cap(k)。
Three, DCR(k)Dynamic acquisition condition：(1) battery mean temperature is more than 20 DEG C；(2) battery average current is big in 2s
In 20A；OCV is acquired when 2 more than satisfactionSOC、U(k)And i(k), DCR is calculated according to formula (4)(k)；If more than asynchronously meeting
At 2, SOHDCR(k)=SOHDCR(k-1)；
According to DCR(k)Result of calculation, if DCR(k)＜ DCR(k-1), then SOHDCR(k)=SOHDCR(k-1)；If DCR(k)≥
DCR(k-1), then SOH is calculated according to formula (3)DCR(k)；
Four, SOH is calculated according to formula (1) and weight factor a and b.
Wherein, weight factor a and b acquisition methods are as follows：
1) under 45 DEG C, 3C multiplying powers to battery carry out degradation, since BOL (power battery initial time) up to
Until EOL (power battery projected life end time), volume test is carried out to battery every 200 cycles and HPPC power tries
It tests；
2) power battery capacity attenuation rate of change is calculated according to test result, obtains battery capacity and is based on time diffusion
3) power battery internal resistance is calculated according to test result and increases rate of change, obtained the internal resistance of cell and be based on time diffusion
4) synchronization battery capacity known to is based on time diffusionThe internal resistance of cell is based on time diffusionAnd SOH, it asks
Solution following equations (5) obtain weight factor a and b when the SOH；
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 the method for the present invention flow charts；
The changing rule figure that Fig. 2 weight factor a and b changes with SOH.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described.
As shown in Figure 1, SOH appraising models are unfolded for certain auto vendor HEV Vehicular dynamic batteries using the method for the present invention
It builds, estimation flow is as follows：
Step 1: calculating weight factor a and b；
1) under 45 DEG C, 3C multiplying powers to battery carry out degradation, since BOL (power battery initial time) up to
Until EOL (power battery projected life end time), volume test is carried out to battery every 200 cycles and HPPC power tries
It tests；
2) power battery capacity attenuation rate of change is calculated according to test result, obtains battery capacity and is based on time diffusion
3) power battery internal resistance is calculated according to test result and increases rate of change, obtained the internal resistance of cell and be based on time diffusion
4) synchronization battery capacity known to is based on time diffusionThe internal resistance of cell is based on time diffusionAnd SOH, it asks
Solution following equations (5) obtain weight factor a and b when the SOH；Acquired results are as shown in Figure 2
Step 2: establishing the SOH models of vehicle lithium-ion power battery：
Wherein, the SOH models of the vehicle lithium-ion power battery are as follows：
SOH=a × SOHCap(k)+b×SOHDCR(k) (1)
In formula (1), SOHCap(k)Capacity attenuation corresponding SOH, a and b for the k moment are weight factor, a+b=1；And have：
In formula (2), SOHCap(k-1)For the corresponding SOH of capacity attenuation at k-1 moment；Cap(k)For at the beginning of the power battery design
Begin to the k moment to correspond to the capacity handling capacity under vehicle evaluation operating mode；Cap(k-1)For from power battery design initially to the k-1 moment pair
Vehicle is answered to evaluate the capacity handling capacity under operating mode；Cap(Total)It is commented initially to correspond to vehicle to end-of-life from power battery design
The total handling capacity of capacity under valence operating mode is calibration value；
In formula (3), SOHDCR(k)Increase corresponding SOH, DCR for the internal resistance at k moment(k)For the dynamic of k moment power batteries
Internal resistance, DCRBOLInitial time internal resistance, DCR are designed for power batteryEOLFor power battery projected life end time internal resistance；Its
In, DCRBOLAnd DCREOLIt is calibration value, SOHDCR(k)It is 100% when battery dispatches from the factory, is 0% when end-of-life；
OCVSOCFor the open-circuit voltage of the corresponding power battery of current state-of-charge (SOC), U(k)For the end of k moment power batteries
Voltage, i(k)For k moment corresponding electric current.
Step 3: acquisition SOHCap(k-1)Cap(k)And Cap(k-1), SOH is estimated according to formula (2)Cap(k)The execution period is 10ms；
Step 3: DCR(k)Dynamic acquisition condition：(1) battery mean temperature is more than 20 DEG C；(2) the average electricity of battery in 2s
Stream is more than 20A；OCV is acquired when 2 more than satisfactionSOC、U(k)And i(k), DCR is calculated according to formula (4)(k)；If asynchronously meeting
At above 2, SOHDCR(k)=SOHDCR(k-1)；
According to DCR(k)Result of calculation, if DCR(k)＜ DCR(k-1), then SOHDCR(k)=SOHDCR(k-1)；If DCR(k)≥
DCR(k-1), then SOH is calculated according to formula (3)DCR(k)；
Step 4: calculating SOH according to formula (1) and weight factor a and b, per 1s, update is primary.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of SOH evaluation methods of vehicle lithium-ion power battery, are as follows：
Step 1: establishing the SOH models of vehicle lithium-ion power battery：
Wherein, the SOH models of the vehicle lithium-ion power battery are as follows：
SOH=a × SOHCap(k)+b×SOHDCR(k) (1)
In formula (1), SOHCap(k)Capacity attenuation corresponding SOH, a and b for the k moment are weight factor, a+b=1；And have：
In formula (2), SOHCap(k-1)For the corresponding SOH of capacity attenuation at k-1 moment；Cap(k)For from power battery design initially to k
Moment corresponds to the capacity handling capacity under vehicle evaluation operating mode；Cap(k-1)It is whole initially to be corresponded to from power battery design to the k-1 moment
Vehicle evaluates the capacity handling capacity under operating mode；Cap(Total)Work is evaluated initially to correspond to vehicle to end-of-life from power battery design
The total handling capacity of capacity under condition is calibration value；
In formula (3), SOHDCR(k)Increase corresponding SOH, DCR for the internal resistance at k moment(k)For the dynamic internal resistance of k moment power batteries,
DCRBOLInitial time internal resistance, DCR are designed for power batteryEOLFor power battery projected life end time internal resistance；Wherein,
DCRBOLAnd DCREOLIt is calibration value, SOHDCR(k)It is 100% when battery dispatches from the factory, is 0% when end-of-life；
OCVSOCThe open-circuit voltage of power battery, U are corresponded to for current state-of-charge SOC(k)For the terminal voltage of k moment power batteries,
i(k)For k moment corresponding electric current；
Step 2: acquisition SOHCap(k-1)、Cap(k)And Cap(k-1), SOH is estimated according to formula (2)Cap(k)；
Step 3: DCR(k)Dynamic acquisition condition：(1) battery mean temperature is more than 20 DEG C；(2) battery average current is big in 2s
In 20A；OCV is acquired when 2 more than satisfactionSOC、U(k)And i(k), DCR is calculated according to formula (4)(k)；If more than asynchronously meeting
At 2, SOHDCR(k)=SOHDCR(k-1)；
According to DCR(k)Result of calculation, if DCR(k)＜ DCR(k-1), then SOHDCR(k)=SOHDCR(k-1)；If DCR(k)≥DCR(k-1),
SOH is then calculated according to formula (3)DCR(k)；
Step 4: calculating SOH according to formula (1) and weight factor a and b；
Wherein, weight factor a and b acquisition methods are as follows：
1) degradation is carried out to battery under 45 DEG C, 3C multiplying powers, up to power battery since power battery initial time BOL
Until projected life end time EOL, volume test and HPPC power tests are carried out to battery every 200 cycles；
2) power battery capacity attenuation rate of change is calculated according to test result, obtains battery capacity and is based on time diffusion
3) power battery internal resistance is calculated according to test result and increases rate of change, obtained the internal resistance of cell and be based on time diffusion
4) synchronization battery capacity known to is based on time diffusionThe internal resistance of cell is based on time diffusionAnd SOH, under solution
Establish an equation (5) obtain weight factor a and b when the SOH；
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