CN105675605A - 一种利用适配体功能化的金纳米颗粒检测胆汁酸的方法 - Google Patents
一种利用适配体功能化的金纳米颗粒检测胆汁酸的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种利用适配体功能化的金纳米颗粒检测胆汁酸的方法,属于分析化学技术领域,其特征在于利用适配体对金纳米颗粒再生长的调控作用检测胆汁酸,包括以下步骤:金纳米颗粒的制备;胆汁酸适配体功能化的金纳米探针的制备;利用微量热泳动分析技术考察胆汁酸与适配体的亲和力;运用胆汁酸适配体功能化的金纳米探针检测胆汁酸溶液。该方法用于体外检测胆汁酸溶液,具有成本低、可视化强、简便快速等优点,为胆汁酸的含量检测及相关疾病的诊断提供了一种新方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于分析化学领域,具体涉及一种利用适配体功能化的金纳米颗粒检测胆汁酸的方法。
背景技术
胆汁酸是胆固醇在肝脏分解的重要代谢产物,是一类24碳胆烷酸羟基衍生物的总称,其有助于脂肪的乳化,增强胰腺的脂解作用,并能通过形成混合胶粒提高脂类的溶解度,促进肠道对脂类物质的吸收;还能介导胆固醇分散形成可溶性微团,抑制胆结石的发生。
正常人血清中胆汁酸浓度很低,为4~10μM。一旦胆汁酸的代谢和转运受到影响,人体血清、胆汁和尿液中的胆汁酸水平随即发生显著变化。急慢性病毒性肝炎、胆汁瘀滞、慢性乙醇中毒、肝硬化、原发性肝癌、胆道梗塞等疾病,均可引起胆汁酸浓度增高,病理条件下胆汁酸血清含量高达67~376μM。研究表明,血清胆汁酸用于初期肝硬化患者和中毒性肝病患者的临床检测优于常规肝功能指标(转氨酸、γ-谷氨酰转移酶、碱性磷酸酶等)。因此胆汁酸的检测对肝胆及肠道疾病的早期筛查和诊断具有重要意义。人体肝脏合成的胆汁酸主要有胆酸、鹅脱氧胆酸、脱氧胆酸及少量的石胆酸和微量熊脱氧胆酸等,其中,胆酸为主要成分,约占31%。
目前已知的胆汁酸检测方法有色谱法(TLC、GC、HPLC等)、质谱法、紫外-可见分光光度法、循环酶法、酶联免疫吸附法等。虽然这些方法灵敏度较高,但也同时存在一些缺陷,例如测定时间较长、成本高、操作繁琐等。目前,金纳米材料已成为体外检测领域研究的热点。相比其它纳米材料,金纳米粒子具有稳定的理化性质及卓越的光学效应,且合成方法简单、尺寸形貌可控、生物相容性好。因此,我们建立了一种基于金纳米的检测方法,以实现简便、经济、快速、可视化检测胆汁酸的目的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种利用适配体功能化的金纳米颗粒检测胆汁酸的方法,以简便、经济、快速、可视化地检测胆汁酸溶液。
技术问题:一种利用适配体功能化的金纳米颗粒检测胆汁酸的方法是基于以下原理:
核酸适配体能够通过金-核酸亲和力作用以及镁离子的电荷屏蔽作用吸附在金纳米颗粒表面,形成适配体功能化的金纳米探针。当待测液中含有胆汁酸分子时,金纳米表面吸附的适配体能与胆汁酸分子特异性结合,适配体的构象发生改变,随后从金纳米表面解吸下来,使金纳米探针表面的适配体量逐渐减少。然后向金纳米探针溶液中加入盐酸羟胺和氯金酸,使金纳米颗粒再生长,当金纳米颗粒表面吸附的适配体量较少时,金纳米呈球形生长,溶液为红色;反之,吸附的适配体量较多时,金纳米呈花形生长,溶液为蓝色。同时,随着适配体的量逐渐增大,再生长后的金纳米的LSPR峰逐渐红移。以再生长的金纳米溶液的颜色、金纳米颗粒的形貌及LSPR峰反应胆汁酸浓度,构建基于金纳米的胆汁酸检测探针。
本发明的技术方案:
包括以下步骤:金纳米颗粒的制备;胆汁酸适配体功能化的金纳米探针的制备;利用微量热泳动分析技术考察胆汁酸与适配体的亲和力;运用胆汁酸适配体功能化的金纳米探针检测胆汁酸溶液。
(1)金纳米颗粒的制备:
所有玻璃器皿经王水浸泡、双蒸水清洗后晾干备用;向洁净的三颈瓶中加入氯金酸溶液和柠檬酸三钠溶液,摩尔比为1∶3.88,设置油浴温度为110~130℃,剧烈搅拌,反应30~40分钟,溶液由淡黄色变成酒红色,停止加热,待溶液冷却至室温后,置于棕色试剂瓶内,4℃避光储存;所得金纳米颗粒的粒径约为15nm,使用前将原液离心,以获得形貌、粒径更均一的金纳米颗粒。
(2)胆汁酸适配体功能化的金纳米探针的制备:
向洁净的螺口玻璃瓶中依次加入金纳米颗粒溶液、胆汁酸适配体水溶液和氯化镁水溶液,其中,三者的摩尔比为1∶250∶250000;随后置于摇床中,室温避光反应8~12小时。
(3)利用微量热泳动分析技术考察胆汁酸分子与适配体的亲和力:
用MST缓冲液(50mMTris-HCl缓冲液,内含150mMNaCl,10mMMgCl2和0.05%Tween-20,pH7.6)配置相同浓度的荧光素溶液(阴性对照)和荧光素标记的胆汁酸适配体溶液备用;另用含DMSO的MST缓冲液按1∶1比例逐级稀释胆汁酸,得12~16个浓度梯度;分别将荧光素标记的胆汁酸适配体(或荧光素溶液)与不同浓度的胆汁酸溶液按1∶1比例混合,室温避光孵育20~30分钟,随后用毛细管(Cat#K002,NanoTemper,德国)吸取适量的混合液,按胆汁酸浓度依次递减的顺序上样,设置仪器激发光模式为“blue”后进行预扫描,待确定所有毛细管内的初始荧光强度基本相等(平均值±10%)后,开始测定MST曲线,参数设置如下:“LEDPower”为20%,“MSTPower”为40%。
(4)运用胆汁酸适配体功能化的金纳米探针检测胆汁酸溶液:
①金纳米探针与胆汁酸待测液的共孵育过程:在96孔板中每孔分别加入金纳米探针溶液和不同浓度的胆汁酸待测液,体积比为9∶1,室温共孵育20~30分钟,另取相同浓度的金纳米探针溶液作为阴性对照;
②金纳米探针的再生长过程:向①中依次加入5μL盐酸羟胺溶液(167mM)和10μL氯金酸溶液(2mM),充分吹打至溶液颜色不再变化,再次加入等量的氯金酸溶液,使金纳米探针充分生长,拍照记录溶液颜色变化,并用多功能酶标仪测量吸收谱,测试温度为25℃;根据再生长后的金纳米探针的LSPR峰位移与胆汁酸浓度建立关系曲线,以三倍阴性对照的SD值为基准,得检测限为1μM。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明制备了胆汁酸适配体功能化的金纳米探针,用于检测胆汁酸,成本低、可视化强、简便快速,为今后相关疾病的诊断和研究提供了便捷。
附图说明
图1是金纳米颗粒的透射电镜照片(标尺为20nm);
图2是适配体功能化的金纳米探针的透射电镜照片(标尺为20nm);
图3是紫外-可见吸收谱图:适配体(a),金纳米颗粒(b)和适配体功能化的金纳米探针(c);
图4是MST结合曲线图:胆酸与荧光素(a),胆酸与荧光素标记的适配体(b);
图5是胆酸检测结果照片;
图6是胆酸检测结果的透射电镜照片:金纳米探针再生长后的形貌与胆酸浓度的关系(标尺为50nm);
图7是胆酸检测结果的紫外-可见吸收谱;
图8是胆酸浓度与LSPR峰位移的关系曲线,虚线为三倍的阴性对照SD值。
具体实施方式
人体肝脏合成的胆汁酸主要有胆酸、鹅脱氧胆酸、脱氧胆酸及少量的石胆酸和微量熊脱氧胆酸等,其中,胆酸为主要成分,约占31%。因此我们以胆酸分子作为实施例对本发明进行具体的描述,有必要在此指出的是以下实施例只用于对本发明进行进一步说明,不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制,该领域的技术人员可以根据上述本发明内容对本发明作出一些非本质的改进和调整。
(1)金纳米颗粒的制备
材料/试剂:氯金酸(HAuCl4)、柠檬酸三钠(Na3C6H5O7)购于国药集团化学试剂有限公司。
方法:所有玻璃器皿经王水浸泡、双蒸水清洗后晾干备用;向洁净的三颈瓶中加入100mL氯金酸溶液(1mM),搅拌并升高油浴温度至110~130℃,随即向溶液中快速加入10mL柠檬酸三钠溶液(38.8mM),剧烈搅拌,维持油浴温度为110~130℃反应30~40分钟,溶液由淡黄色变成酒红色,停止加热,待溶液冷却至室温后,置于棕色试剂瓶内,4℃避光储存;所得金纳米颗粒的粒径约为15nm,使用前将原液离心,以获得形貌、粒径更均一的金纳米颗粒。
结果:经透射电镜(图1)和激光粒度分析仪表征,所合金纳米粒径约为15nm,分散性较好,粒径均一,平均水合粒径为29.2±0.2nm,其LSPR峰(图3b)在520nm处。
(2)适配体功能化的金纳米探针的制备
材料/试剂:金纳米颗粒溶液;六水合氯化镁(MgCl2·6H2O)购于国药集团化学试剂有限公司;适配体(5’-GCAGGGTCAATGGAATTAATGATCAATTGACAGACGCAAGTCTCCTGC-3’)购于生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司。
方法:向含有134μL双蒸水的洁净的螺口玻璃瓶中依次加入16μL金纳米溶液(5nM)、10μL适配体水溶液(2μM)和20μL氯化镁水溶液(1mM),总体积为180μL,为一次测量使用量,探针溶液制备体积可根据所需检测次数等比例放大,随后置于摇床中,室温避光反应8~12小时,即得金纳米探针溶液。
结果:经透射电镜(图2)和激光粒度分析仪表征,所合金纳米探针粒径约为15nm,分散性良好,粒径均一,平均水合粒径为36.1±1.2nm,具有适配体的特征吸收峰(260nm)和金纳米的特征吸收峰(520nm)(图3c)。
(3)由于需要验证所用适配体与胆酸分子的亲和力,所以采用微量热泳动分析仪测定。
材料/试剂:荧光素购于国药集团化学试剂有限公司;MST缓冲液购于德国NanoTemper公司;98%胆酸购于美国Sigma-Aldrich公司;荧光素标记的适配体(5’-FAM-GCAGGGTCAATGGAATTAATGATCAATTGACAGACGCAAGTCTCCTGC-3’)购于生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司。
方法:用MST缓冲液(50mMTris-HCl缓冲液,内含150mMNaCl,10mMMgCl2和0.05%Tween-20,pH7.6)配置0.1μM荧光素标记的适配体及荧光素溶液(阴性对照)备用;另用含4%DMSO的MST缓冲液按1∶1比例逐级稀释胆酸溶液,胆酸起始浓度为500μM,连续稀释14个浓度梯度备用;分别将0.1μM荧光素标记的适配体(或荧光素溶液)与不同浓度的胆酸溶液按1∶1比例混合,室温避光孵育20分钟,随后用毛细管(Cat#K002,NanoTemper,德国)吸取适量的混合液,按照胆酸浓度依次递减的顺序分别标记1~14号并上样,设置仪器激发光模式为“blue”,随后进行毛细管预扫描,待确定14根毛细管内的荧光强度基本相等(平均值±10%)后,开始测定MST曲线,参数设置如下:“LEDPower”为20%,“MSTPower”为40%。
结果:MST结合曲线(图4)表明该适配体与胆酸分子能特异性结合,Kd值为12.6±0.695μM。
(4)该方法用于胆酸检测
材料/试剂:金纳米探针;氯金酸(HAuCl4)购于国药集团化学试剂有限公司;盐酸羟胺(NH2OH·HCl)、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)购于南京化学试剂有限公司;98%胆酸购于美国Sigma-Aldrich公司。
方法:首先称取一定量的胆酸粉末配成100mM的胆酸DMSO母液,随后用双蒸水逐级稀释至300,100,50,10,1μM,制成胆酸待测液,室温保存备用;在96孔板(Corning,美国)中分别加入180μL适配体功能化的金纳米探针和20μL不同浓度的胆酸待测液共孵育20~30分钟,另取180μL金纳米探针加20μL双蒸水作为阴性对照;随后依次加入5μL盐酸羟胺溶液(167mM)和10μL氯金酸溶液(2mM),充分吹打,待颜色不再变化后再次加入等量的氯金酸溶液,使金纳米再次生长;拍照记录溶液颜色变化,并用多功能酶标仪扫描吸收谱,波长范围:400~700nm,测量温度为25℃。
结果:随着胆酸浓度的升高,检测液逐渐由蓝变红(图5),再生长后的金纳米颗粒由纳米花形逐渐趋于纳米球形(图6),相应的LSPR峰逐渐蓝移(图7);根据LSPR峰迁移值与胆酸浓度建立关系曲线(图8),得胆酸溶液的检测限为1μM。
Claims (5)
1.一种利用适配体功能化的金纳米颗粒检测胆汁酸的方法,其特征在于利用胆汁酸适配体对金纳米颗粒再生长的调控作用检测胆汁酸,包括以下步骤:
(1)金纳米颗粒的制备;
(2)胆汁酸适配体功能化的金纳米探针的制备;
(3)利用微量热泳动分析技术考察胆汁酸与适配体的亲和力;
(4)运用胆汁酸适配体功能化的金纳米探针检测胆汁酸溶液。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述金纳米颗粒的粒径为10~20nm。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述金纳米探针的合成方法为:
向洁净的螺口玻璃瓶中依次加入金纳米颗粒溶液、胆汁酸适配体水溶液和氯化镁水溶液,其中,三者的摩尔比为1∶250∶250000;随后置于摇床中,室温避光反应8~12小时。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述利用微量热泳动分析技术考察胆汁酸与适配体的亲和力的方法为:
用MST缓冲液(50mMTris-HCl缓冲液,内含150mMNaCl,10mMMgCl2和0.05%Tween-20,pH7.6)配置相同浓度的荧光素溶液(阴性对照)和荧光素标记的胆汁酸适配体溶液备用;另用含DMSO的MST缓冲液按1∶1比例逐级稀释胆汁酸,得12~16个浓度梯度;分别将荧光素标记的胆汁酸适配体(或荧光素溶液)与不同浓度的胆汁酸溶液按1∶1比例混合,室温避光孵育20~30分钟,随后用毛细管(Cat#K002,NanoTemper,德国)吸取适量的混合液,按胆汁酸浓度依次递减的顺序上样,设置仪器激发光模式为“blue”后进行预扫描,待确定所有毛细管内的初始荧光强度基本相等(平均值±10%)后,开始测定MST曲线,参数设置如下:“LEDPower”为20%,“MSTPower”为40%。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述胆汁酸的检测方法为:
(1)金纳米探针与胆汁酸待测液的共孵育过程:在96孔板中每孔分别加入金纳米探针溶液和不同浓度的胆汁酸待测液,体积比为9∶1,室温共孵育20~30分钟,另取相同浓度的金纳米探针溶液作为阴性对照;
(2)金纳米探针的再生长过程:向(1)中依次加入5μL盐酸羟胺溶液(167mM)和10μL氯金酸溶液(2mM),充分吹打至溶液颜色不再变化,再次加入等量的氯金酸溶液,使金纳米探针充分生长,拍照记录溶液颜色变化,并用多功能酶标仪测量吸收谱,测试温度为25℃;根据再生长后的金纳米探针的LSPR峰位移与胆汁酸浓度建立关系曲线,以三倍阴性对照的SD值为基准,得检测限为1μM。
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