CN105675412A - Bending fretting fatigue experimental equipment and experimental method - Google Patents
Bending fretting fatigue experimental equipment and experimental method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105675412A CN105675412A CN201610023714.3A CN201610023714A CN105675412A CN 105675412 A CN105675412 A CN 105675412A CN 201610023714 A CN201610023714 A CN 201610023714A CN 105675412 A CN105675412 A CN 105675412A
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Abstract
The invention discloses bending fretting fatigue experimental equipment, which comprises a specimen, a specimen clamping fixing part, a normal contact load applying part, a bending fatigue load applying part and a data acquisition and control system. One end of the specimen is fixed at the specimen clamping fixing part, and the other end of the specimen is provided with the bending fatigue load applying part and is compressed through the normal contact load applying part. The specimen clamping fixing part and the bending fatigue load applying part are both electrically connected to the data acquisition and control system. The invention also discloses a bending fretting fatigue experimental method. The method comprises the following steps: assembling the equipment, installing the specimen, applying normal contact load on a round bar specimen, manipulating an electro-hydraulic servo fatigue testing machine when the load is applied to a set condition, and carrying out experiments on the round bar specimen according to set parameters. The experimental equipment and the method are simple to operate, bending fretting fatigue damage of a component under alternating load is actually simulated, control and test precision is high, experimental data repeatability is good, and experimental results are accurate and reliable.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fretting fatigue technical field of research, particularly relate to a kind of bending fretting fatigue experimental provision and experimental technique.
Background technology
Fine motion refers under the alternate load effects such as mechanical vibration, fatigue load, electric and magnetic oscillation or thermal cycle, the relative motion of the minimum amplitude (micron dimension) that (such as tight fit face) occurs between two contact surfaces, nominally these contact surfaces are generally static, namely fine motion occurs in the mechanical part that " fastening " coordinates.
Fretting fatigue refers to that contact causes contact interface that relative motion (generally at micron order) a little occurs owing to bearing the extraneous reversed fatigue stress different deformation of generation, promote fatigue crack early stage germinating and accelerate extension, thus causing the phenomenon that component premature failure is destroyed, it is a kind of fatigue strength with fretting wear and Fatigue Life Problems. Research shows, fretting fatigue can make reduce by 20%～80% the fatigue life of component, even lower.
Fretting Fatigue Damage is prevalent in the tight fit parts in the fields such as machinery, railway, automobile, boats and ships, Aero-Space, science of bridge building, nuclear reactor, power industry, along with the requirement of high accuracy, long-life and high reliability is day by day promoted by engineering field, and more complicated severe working condition, the harm of Fretting Fatigue Damage highlights day by day. Fine motion can accelerate fatigue crack initiation and the extension of parts, so that the service life of parts substantially reduces. According to investigations, fretting fatigue has now become the one of the main reasons that some key components and partss lost efficacy, is referred to as " cancer " in industry.
Bending Fretting Fatigue Damage is prevalent in rotation type component, greatly reduces the service life of these parts. Carry out testing to bending fretting fatigue and analyze, to get its bending fretting fatigue characteristic and micromechanism of damage clear, test basis accurate, reliable can be provided for the design of related components, manufacture and maintenance, to the germinating and the extension that reduce its fatigue crack, the service life improving parts is significant. At present, there is no the experimental assembly exclusively for bending fretting fatigue experimental amount body design and experimental technique.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of bending fretting fatigue experimental provision and experimental technique, this apparatus structure is simple, easily operated, the bending fretting fatigue that can carry out various different operating mode and gauge material sample is tested, control high with measuring accuracy, experimental data is more accurate, reliable, favorable reproducibility.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that
The invention provides a kind of bending fretting fatigue experimental provision, including sample (2), sample holder fixed part, normal direction contact load applying unit, flexural fatigue load applying unit and data acquisition control system, one end of described sample (2) is fixed on described sample holder fixed part, the other end is provided with described flexural fatigue load applying unit and by the described normal direction upper and lower vertical compression of contact load applying unit, described sample holder fixed part is provided with force transducer (12), described force transducer (12) all electrically connects with described data acquisition control system with described flexural fatigue load applying unit, by described data acquisition control system Control release condition and gather experimental data.
Pedestal (1) that described sample holder fixed part includes being fixed on tiring experiment desk base, being arranged on the elongated slot in the middle of described pedestal (1), the square hole arranged on described pedestal (1), the grip block (3) being arranged in described square hole, fixing screw one (4), described sample (2) left end is fixed on described pedestal (1) by the described grip block (3) in described pedestal (1) square hole and described fixing screw one (4).
Described normal direction contact load applying unit includes plummer (7), upper fine motion pad grip slipper (11), load plate (15), line slideway (17), described line slideway (17) described upper fine motion pad grip slipper (11) of traverse, bottom is fixed on described plummer (7), top is fixed in described load plate (15), described plummer (7) is fixed in the elongated slot in the middle of described pedestal (1) by fixing screw two (5) and fixing plate (6), its position can adjust according to experiment needs in certain distance, it is provided with lower fine motion pad (8) in the middle of described plummer (7), described upper fine motion pad grip slipper (11) is provided with fine motion pad (10), described sample (2) is arranged between described upper fine motion pad (10) and described lower fine motion pad (8), the top of described upper fine motion pad grip slipper (11) is provided with groove, force transducer (12) it is provided with in described groove, measure the normal direction contact load size loaded in real time, described load plate (15) is provided with load screw (16), between described load screw (16) and described upper fine motion pad grip slipper (11), steel ball ball (14) is set, normal direction contact load is applied to described upper fine motion pad grip slipper (11) by load screw (16) and steel ball ball (14).
Described flexural fatigue load applying unit is electo hydraulic servocontrolled fatigue testing machine (9).
Further; described upper fine motion pad grip slipper (11) is arranged on described line slideway (17) by two linear bearings (18); described force transducer (12) upper and lower surface is each provided with a piece of pad (13) for protecting described force transducer (12) body; linear bearing (18) is installed on described upper fine motion pad grip slipper (11) both sides so that it is almost nil in the frictional force of the upper motion of line slideway (17).
Present invention also offers a kind of bending fretting fatigue experimental technique, the method comprises the steps:
A, pedestal (1) is fixed on the correct position on tiring experiment desk, then the plummer (7) being provided with lower fine motion pad (8) and line slideway (17) is fixed in the elongated slot in the middle of pedestal (1), its position in elongated slot needs to determine according to experiment condition, subsequently sample (2) left end is fixed in the left side square hole of pedestal (1), right-hand member is placed on lower fine motion pad (8), subsequently upper fine motion pad grip slipper (11) being provided with fine motion pad (10) is vertically slided through line slideway (17), make fine motion pad (10) and sample (2) perpendicular quadrature, realize good point cantact,
B, turn load screw (16), the normal direction contact load applied can be shown on the computer being connected with data acquisition control system by the measurement of force transducer (12), when normal direction contact load is applied to the experiment condition of setting, stop turning load screw (16), then pass through data acquisition control system to manipulate electo hydraulic servocontrolled fatigue testing machine (9), make sample (2) be curved fretting fatigue experiment by the parameter (amplitude, frequency etc.) set. In the process, every experimental data can be analyzed to data acquisition control system by sensor feedback, draws out the change curve of various parameter.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The first, in pole sample and cylinder, fine motion pad is orthogonal point cantact pattern, bending fretting fatigue load is applied by electo hydraulic servocontrolled fatigue testing machine, and this electo hydraulic servocontrolled fatigue testing machine exciting amplitude is little, frequency is high, precision is high, achieve the bending fretting fatigue to pole sample exactly to test, bending fretting fatigue is tested and analysis authentic and validly;
The second, the combination of linear bearing and line slideway is employed, frictional force when making fine motion pad grip slipper slide up and down and between guide rail is almost nil, and the normal direction contact load making force transducer measure and the load deflections being truly applied on sample are almost nil, significantly ensure that the credibility of the degree of accuracy of experimental data and experimental result;
3rd, force transducer, electo hydraulic servocontrolled fatigue testing machine combine with data acquisition control system, accurately set and export every experiment parameter (normal direction contact load, flexural fatigue load, test frequency etc.), the every experimental result data of precise acquisition, can realize the bending fretting fatigue experiment under various complex working condition.
In a word, adopt experimental provision and the experimental technique of the present invention, the bending fretting fatigue that can easily, accurately by imposing a condition carry out various different operating mode and gauge material is tested, simulate component bending Fretting Fatigue Damage under alternate load effect more truly, control high with measuring accuracy, experimental result more accurately and reliably, experimental data favorable reproducibility, the defect such as overcome existing experimental technique low precision, result is single, data reappearance is poor.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is further detailed explanation.
Fig. 1 is embodiment of the present invention structural representation;
Fig. 2 is the main TV structure schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is embodiment of the present invention left view structural representation;
Fig. 4 is the embodiment of the present invention 7075 aluminium alloy bending fretting fatigue S～N curve, wherein, ▲ for bending fretting fatigue normal stress=368.4MPa,For bending fretting fatigue rupture life more than 106Secondary;
Fig. 5 is that S-N curve is affected figure by embodiment of the present invention contact load, wherein,For bending fretting fatigue normal load 250N,For corresponding bending fretting fatigue rupture life more than 106Secondary situation; ▲ for bending fretting fatigue normal load 500N,For corresponding bending fretting fatigue rupture life more than 106Secondary situation; ■ is bending fretting fatigue normal load 750N,For corresponding bending fretting fatigue rupture life more than 106Secondary situation;
Fig. 6 is that embodiment of the present invention contact load affects figure to what bend the fretting fatigue life-span, wherein W=6.0kN, σa,max=305.6MPa.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments. Based on the embodiment in the present invention, the every other embodiment that those of ordinary skill in the art obtain under not making creative work premise, broadly fall into the scope of protection of the invention.
The present embodiment using the bar of 7075 aluminium alloy extruded molding as test material, its bending Fretting Fatigue Damage behavior of systematic study. 7075-T651 aluminium alloy is a kind of high-strength aluminum alloy, has common corrosion resistance and a good mechanical properties, and can anode reaction, be widely used in the parts of the key structures such as Aero-Space. Due to its application ubiquity fretting damage, therefore carry out the research for this alloy, not only there is the scientific meaning of in-depth fretting fatigue rationale, more have the practical significance instructing anti-Fretting Fatigue Damage in engineer applied field.
As shown in FIG. 1 to 3, for embodiments of the invention, including sample holder standing part, normal direction contact load applying portion, flexural fatigue load applying portion and data acquisition control system part, wherein, the composition of sample holder standing part is: pedestal 1 is fixed on tiring experiment desk base, and sample 2 left end is fixed on pedestal 1 by the grip block of two panels up and down 3 in square hole on the left of pedestal 1 and fixing screw 1 thereon. The composition of normal direction contact load applying portion is: plummer 7 is fixed in the elongated slot in the middle of pedestal 1 by fixing screw 25 and fixing plate 6, and its position can adjust according to experiment needs in certain distance. In the middle of plummer 7, lower fine motion pad 8 is installed, both sides are two line slideways 17, upper fine motion pad grip slipper 11 is arranged on line slideway 17 by two linear bearings 18, and upper fine motion pad 10 is arranged on fine motion pad grip slipper 11, and what clip between upper fine motion pad 10 and lower fine motion pad 8 is sample 2. Load plate 15 is fixed on line slideway 17 top, applies normal direction contact load by load screw 16 and steel ball ball 14. Force transducer 12 is placed in the top hole slot of fine motion pad grip slipper 11, measures the normal direction contact load size loaded in real time. The composition of flexural fatigue load applying portion is: flexural fatigue load is applied by producing Shimadzu EHF-UM100k2-040-0A type electo hydraulic servocontrolled fatigue testing machine 9 daily. Electo hydraulic servocontrolled fatigue testing machine 9 and force transducer 12 are all connected with data acquisition control system, are controlled by experiment condition and gather experimental data.
The using method of this device and work process be:
Pedestal 1 is fixed on the correct position on tiring experiment desk, then the plummer 7 being provided with lower fine motion pad 8 and line slideway 17 is fixed in the elongated slot in the middle of pedestal 1, its position in elongated slot needs to determine according to experiment condition, subsequently sample 2 left end is fixed in the left side square hole of pedestal 1, right-hand member is placed on lower fine motion pad 8, subsequently the upper fine motion pad grip slipper 11 being provided with upper fine motion pad 10 is vertically slided through line slideway 17, make fine motion pad 10 and sample 2 perpendicular quadrature, it is achieved good point cantact.
Turn load screw 16, the normal direction contact load applied can be shown on the computer being connected with data acquisition control system by the measurement of force transducer 12, when normal direction contact load is applied to the experiment condition of setting, stop turning load screw 16, then pass through data acquisition control system to manipulate electo hydraulic servocontrolled fatigue testing machine 9, make sample 2 be curved fretting fatigue experiment by the parameter amplitude set, frequency etc. In the process, every experimental data can be analyzed to data acquisition control system by sensor feedback, draws out the change curve of various parameter.
Bending fretting fatigue S～N curve
Owing to bending the effect of fretting fatigue localized contact stress, the fatigue strength of sample presents minimizing trend sharply, normal load is applied without the fine motion pad position at sample, sample is all unbroken through 1.0 × 106 circulations when bending stress is 611.21MPa, but when applying the normal load of 500N (contact stress is 368.4MPa) at fine motion pad position, bending fatigue strength strongly reduces as about 240MPa. From Fig. 4 it is clear that: S～N curve all presents " C " type curvilinear characteristic, under high bending fatigue stress effect, decline along with fatigue stress, the sample fracture life-span is decreased obviously, under the bending stress effect of 331.0MPa, bending fretting fatigue service life reduction is to minimum, and this minimum can be called " nose " of " C " type curve. If bending stress continues to be reduced to lower value, the bending fretting fatigue life-span presents again the trend of increasing sharply.
Generally, find in fretting wear is studied: under different test conditions, fine motion runs and there are 3 different regions, i.e. partial slip district (Partialslipregime, PSR), mixed zone (Mixedfrettingregime, and slip region (Slipregime, SR) MFR). The research work of the relevant fretting fatigue according to forefathers, it has been found that a general Changing Pattern, namely along with the increase of normal pressure, displacement amplitude, there is a recessed area in the change curve in fretting fatigue life-span. It practice, recessed area is directly related with mixed zone, it it is the tired region the strongest of localized contact. Accordingly; may infer that bending fretting fatigue S～N curve presents " C " type curvilinear characteristic is owing to fine motion runs on different regions; and generally mixed zone is a region the most dangerous; microfissure is easiest to germinating and extension in this region; therefore, " nose " of " C " type curve may be considered fine motion and run on the result of mixed zone. This concordance with Fretting Wear Phenomenon, reflects concentrated wear and local fatigue and the interaction relationship of local fatigue and entirety fatigue in different angles. When bending fatigue stress is higher than " nose " of " C " type curve, enter slip region owing to the relative displacement of contact area is relatively big; When bending fatigue stress is lower than " nose ", fine motion runs on partial slip district accordingly. In slip region, wear rate is higher than crack initiation speed, causes that crackle was eliminated due to material abrasion in the forming core stage, and such fretting fatigue life-span presents longer trend. In partial slip district, contact area presents slight damage under normal circumstances, and district is sticked together almost without damage in center, and microfissure is suppressed and not easily germinates and extend so that the fretting fatigue life-span is greatly increased.
In sum, it is possible to be summarized as the bending fretting fatigue life-span closely related with the fine motion operation area of contact area. When running on partial slip district and slip region when contact interface, fretting fatigue life-span of sample relative higher than mixed zone, but above nasal area, although the fretting fatigue life-span adds, but the tendency that integral fatigue life reduces too increases, in other words, when test parameters controls below " C " type curve, sample runs on safety zone, is the scope being suitable for engineer applied.
The contact load impact on S-N curve
Fig. 5 shows the respective change that 7075 aluminium alloy bending fretting fatigue S～N curves occur at the normal load (contact stress) changed on fine motion pad. When normal load on fine motion pad is 250N, 7075 aluminium alloy bending Fretting Fatigue Strengths are approximately 320MPa, its fretting fatigue life-span first reduces along with the increase of fatigue stress presents, after on the contrary occur increase feature, fretting fatigue S～N curve presents " C " type curvilinear characteristic. When normal load increases to 500N, fatigue strength strongly reduces as about 240MPa, fretting fatigue S～N curve presents " C " type curvilinear characteristic equally, under low bending fatigue stress effect, along with the increase of fatigue stress, the sample fracture life-span is decreased obviously, under 331.0MPa bending stress effect, fretting fatigue service life reduction is to minimum, and this minimum is " nose " of " C " type curve. Along with the further increase of fatigue stress, fatigue life, if bending stress continues to increase to much higher value, the fretting fatigue life-span presented again reduction trend by increase trend occur. When normal load is 750N, 7075 aluminium alloy bending Fretting Fatigue Strengths are approximately 280MPa, obvious rising occurs when comparing 500N on the contrary, and bend the fretting fatigue life-span and first reduce likewise as the increase of fatigue stress and present increase afterwards, finally reducing again, fretting fatigue S～N curve presents " C " type curvilinear characteristic equally. Therefore, having " C " type curvilinear characteristic under three of the above load, such as explanation above, the recessed area that this fretting fatigue lifetime change curve occurs is relevant with the existence of mixed zone. Under same flexure fatigue load, along with the increase of normal load, the relative displacement between fine motion pad and sample presents reduction trend, and fine motion Operational Zone shows as and changes from slip region towards mixed zone and direction, partial slip district.
The contact load impact on the bending fretting fatigue life-span
As shown in Figure 6, when maximum deflection fatigue load is 6.0kN, along with the increase of contact load, the fretting fatigue life-span presents and first reduces the trend development increased afterwards. This result further demonstrates that the existence of fine motion mixed zone, namely along with the increase of contact load, fine motion operation area is shifted from slip region towards mixed zone and partial slip district, so damage feature according to fretting damage district: abrasion ratio in slip region is more serious completely, finds crackle hardly; And mixed zone microfissure is its main damage feature, wear and tear relatively slight; In partial slip district, abrasion is the slightest, generally never sees microfissure. Meanwhile, along with the increase of fine motion pad contact load, the contact damage of local is the trend increased. Comprehensive above analysis situation is it can be seen that despite abrasion but its contact stress is less thus longest-lived in slip region completely; Mixed zone has microfissure to cause, and the fretting fatigue life-span is the shortest; Although the fine motion displacement of partial slip district is less, but contact stress compared with big thus the fretting fatigue life-span compares mixed zone big and less than partial slip district.
The experimental provision of the present invention and experimental technique, the bending fretting fatigue that can easily, accurately by imposing a condition carry out various different operating mode and gauge material is tested, simulate component bending Fretting Fatigue Damage under alternate load effect more truly, control high with measuring accuracy, experimental result more accurately and reliably, experimental data favorable reproducibility.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any amendment of making, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a bending fretting fatigue experimental provision, it is characterized in that: include sample (2), sample holder fixed part, normal direction contact load applying unit, flexural fatigue load applying unit and data acquisition control system, one end of described sample (2) is fixed on described sample holder fixed part, the other end is provided with described flexural fatigue load applying unit and by the described normal direction upper and lower vertical compression of contact load applying unit, described sample holder fixed part is provided with force transducer (12), described force transducer (12) all electrically connects with described data acquisition control system with described flexural fatigue load applying unit.
2. a kind of bending fretting fatigue experimental provision according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described sample holder fixed part includes pedestal (1), be arranged on described pedestal (1) in the middle of elongated slot, the square hole arranged on described pedestal (1), the grip block (3) being arranged in described square hole, fixing screw one (4), described sample (2) left end is fixed on described pedestal (1) by the described grip block (3) in described pedestal (1) square hole and described fixing screw one (4).
3. a kind of bending fretting fatigue experimental provision according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described normal direction contact load applying unit includes plummer (7), upper fine motion pad grip slipper (11), load plate (15), line slideway (17), described line slideway (17) described upper fine motion pad grip slipper (11) of traverse, bottom is fixed on described plummer (7), top is fixed in described load plate (15), described plummer (7) is fixed on described pedestal (1) by fixing screw two (5) and fixing plate (6), it is provided with lower fine motion pad (8) in the middle of described plummer (7), described upper fine motion pad grip slipper (11) is provided with fine motion pad (10), described sample (2) is arranged between described upper fine motion pad (10) and described lower fine motion pad (8), the top of described upper fine motion pad grip slipper (11) is provided with groove, force transducer (12) it is provided with in described groove, described load plate (15) is provided with load screw (16), between described load screw (16) and described upper fine motion pad grip slipper (11), steel ball ball (14) is set, normal direction contact load is applied to described upper fine motion pad grip slipper (11) by load screw (16) and steel ball ball (14).
4. a kind of bending fretting fatigue experimental provision according to claim 3; it is characterized in that: described upper fine motion pad grip slipper (11) is arranged on described line slideway (17) by two linear bearings (18), described force transducer (12) upper and lower surface is each provided with a piece of pad (13) for protecting described force transducer (12) body.
5. a kind of bending fretting fatigue experimental provision according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described flexural fatigue load applying unit is electo hydraulic servocontrolled fatigue testing machine (9).
6. a bending fretting fatigue experimental technique, it is characterised in that: comprise the steps:
A, pedestal (1) is fixed on the correct position on tiring experiment desk, then the plummer (7) being provided with lower fine motion pad (8) and line slideway (17) is fixed in the elongated slot in the middle of pedestal (1), its position in elongated slot needs to determine according to experiment condition, subsequently sample (2) left end is fixed in the left side square hole of pedestal (1), right-hand member is placed on lower fine motion pad (8), subsequently upper fine motion pad grip slipper (11) being provided with fine motion pad (10) is vertically slided through line slideway (17), make fine motion pad (10) and sample (2) perpendicular quadrature, realize good point cantact,
B, turn load screw (16), the normal direction contact load applied can be shown on the computer being connected with data acquisition control system by the measurement of force transducer (12), when normal direction contact load is applied to the experiment condition of setting, stop turning load screw (16), then pass through data acquisition control system to manipulate electo hydraulic servocontrolled fatigue testing machine (9), sample (2) is made to be curved fretting fatigue experiment by the parameter set, in the process, every experimental data can be analyzed to data acquisition control system by sensor feedback, draw out the change curve of various parameter.
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