CN105675134B - High spectrum full polarization imaging apparatus and method based on FLC - Google Patents
High spectrum full polarization imaging apparatus and method based on FLC Download PDFInfo
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- CN105675134B CN105675134B CN201610065626.XA CN201610065626A CN105675134B CN 105675134 B CN105675134 B CN 105675134B CN 201610065626 A CN201610065626 A CN 201610065626A CN 105675134 B CN105675134 B CN 105675134B
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- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000005262 ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005621 ferroelectricity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004313 glare Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000711 polarimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017105 transposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2823—Imaging spectrometer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/447—Polarisation spectrometry
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/45—Interferometric spectrometry
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of high spectrum full polarization imaging apparatus and method based on FLC, preposition image-forming objective lens, diaphragm, collimator objective, Polarization Modulation system, Sagnac interferometers, rearmounted image-forming objective lens and detector are sequentially placed along optical path direction.Method and step is：The first step, incident light is premenstrual to be put after image-forming objective lens, collimator objective, and Polarization Modulation system is entered in the form of collimated light beam；Second step, light beam passes through Polarization Modulation system, obtains four width interference images, and enter Sagnac interferometers；3rd step, is interfered through Sagnac interferometers；4th step, light beam is incident to rearmounted image-forming objective lens, and is imaged on detector target surface, the 5th step, and the interference light intensity information of object point is obtained on the target surface of detector, and interference light intensity information is handled, and obtains the spectral information and full polarization information of target each point.The present invention has the advantages that high light flux, high spectral resolution, high target resolution, fast modulation and obtains spectral information and full polarization information simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to optical target sounding field, and in particular to a kind of high spectrum full polarization imaging device based on FLC
And method.
Background technology
Imaging spectral technology and polarization imaging technology are aerial image technologies and spectrum analysis and polarimetry technology have
Machine is combined, and is the novel optical remote sensing that developed recently gets up.
Imaging spectral technology obtains the two-dimensional space information and one-dimensional spectral information of target.Earth's surface, ocean and day are aerial
Any object can all show different spectral characteristics during reflection, transmission and radiation light-wave, to these characteristic spectrums
Analyzed, may recognize that the species, material and material composition of target.Interference imaging spectral technology mainly includes time-modulation
Type, spatial modulation type and space-time combined modulation type three major types.Wherein, space-time combined modulation type technology is hair in light spectrum image-forming field
Open up very active spectrographic detection technology.It introduces detection mesh by adding lateral shearing beam-splitter in the imaging system of infinity
Target interference information, the two-dimensional space intensity signal and each point spectrum for obtaining detecting target using Fourier transformation inversion procedure is believed
Breath, can remove to push away and sweep moving component compared with time-modulation type inteference imaging spectrometer, inside image plane interference imaging spectrometer,
With compact conformation, stability is high the characteristics of；Compared with spatial modulation type inteference imaging spectrometer, it does not have the limit of slit
System, has the advantages that high light flux, high spatial resolution.
Using the two-dimensional space information and polarization information of polarization imaging technical limit spacing target, polarization information is independently of light intensity
The information of degree and spectrum, it can reflect the material physics and chemistry such as feature of interest orientation, surface roughness, consistency, electrical conductivity, water content
Feature, different objects are due to its surface characteristics difference, and degree of polarization has very big difference.It can strengthen image by these differences
Contrast, can be used for classification of substances with identification.American scholar Pezzaniti and Chenault propose a kind of based on aperture
Split the polarization imaging technology of thought, four target fields that visual field is identical, polarization state is different can be formed on detector target surface
Scape image, this scheme is limited to the size of detector target surface, reduces the spatial resolution of system.Goldstein proposes one
The Polarization Detection transposition of time division modulation is planted, by the optical axis direction of rotatable phase delayer, changes system Muller modulation matrix, most
The polarization information of detection target is demodulated afterwards.The system needs dynamic modulation, it is impossible to realize the quick detection of polarization information.Meng Xin
Et al. high spectrum full polarization Fourier's imaging spectrometer for proposing, realize that polarization is adjusted by using a wave plate and linear polarization
System, because system wants rotating wave plate and linear polarizer, single measurement can not obtain the polarization information of four stokes vectors simultaneously.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of high spectrum full polarization imaging apparatus and method based on FLC, by using
Two ferroelectric liquid crystals carry out Polarization Modulation, you can realize high spectral resolution, high flux, while single measurement can obtain complete inclined
Shake information, detected while realizing to the high-resolution spectrum of target and polarization.
The technical solution for realizing the object of the invention is：A kind of high spectrum full polarization imaging device based on FLC, including
It is the preposition image-forming objective lens that are sequentially placed along optical path direction, diaphragm, collimator objective, Polarization Modulation system, Sagnac interferometers, rearmounted
Image-forming objective lens and detector；The imaging surface of preposition image-forming objective lens is overlapped with the front focal plane of collimator objective, and diaphragm is located at preposition imaging
On the imaging surface of object lens；The first ferroelectric liquid crystals that Polarization Modulation system includes setting gradually along light path, first phase delay piece, the
Two ferroelectric liquid crystals, second phase delay piece and linear polarizer, the first ferroelectric liquid crystals, first phase delay piece, the second ferroelectric liquid crystals
Postpone the fast axle of piece with second phase and the light transmission shaft of linear polarizer is respectively positioned in the plane vertical with light path；Detector (7)
Target surface is located at the image planes position of rearmounted image-forming objective lens.
A kind of imaging method of the high spectrum full polarization imaging device based on FLC, method and step is as follows：
Step one：Light from target each point enters preposition image-forming objective lens, and the picture of preposition image-forming objective lens is limited by diaphragm
Face shape and size, eliminate veiling glare, then collimated by collimator objective, outgoing collimated light beam；Diaphragm is located at preposition image-forming objective lens
At imaging surface, the object space focal plane of collimator objective is overlapped with the image planes of preposition image-forming objective lens.
Step 2：Enter Polarization Modulation system from the light beam of collimator objective outgoing, light beam pass sequentially through the first ferroelectric liquid crystals,
First phase delay piece, the second ferroelectric liquid crystals, second phase delay piece and linear polarizer；First ferroelectric liquid crystals, the second ferroelectricity liquid
Crystalline substance is under the control of voltage, and fast axle angle occurs 0oWith 45oSwitching, four are had after the first ferroelectric liquid crystals, the combination of the second ferroelectric liquid crystals
The form of group fast axle angle change；When Polarization Modulation system often carries out a step interferential scanning, the fast shaft angle of each ferroelectric liquid crystals
Degree changes twice, i.e., incident light passes through the modulation of four groups of fast axle angle states when often walking interferential scanning, and obtains four width interference patterns
Picture.
Step 3：Light beam after Polarization Modulation enters Sagnac interferometers, and Sagnac interferometers include beam splitter, the
One speculum and the second speculum, light are divided into reflected light and transmitted light by beam splitter, and reflected light sequentially passes through the first reflection
Mirror and the second speculum, then after being reflected through beam splitter outgoing to rearmounted image-forming objective lens；Transmitted light sequentially pass through the second speculum and
After first speculum, then after being transmitted through beam splitter outgoing to rearmounted image-forming objective lens.
Step 4：By the light beam of Sagnac interferometer outgoing, it is imaged on the detector after rearmounted image-forming objective lens.
Step 5：The picture point that each object point is formed after Polarization Modulation system and the modulation of Sagnac interferometers is imaged on spy
Survey on the corresponding picture dot of device, the interference light intensity information of object point is obtained on the target surface of detector, and interference light intensity information is carried out
Processing, obtains the spectral information and full polarization information of target each point.
In above-mentioned steps five, interference light intensity information is handled, specific method is as follows：
Detection target push away sweeping by using the mode of built-in scan or system entire scan, target each point is obtained
The target interference image of interference information under different optical path differences, and electric signal is converted into, the electric signal extraction target to acquisition is each
Interference data under the different optical path differences of point, extracts the interference data under each stokes polarization vectors, Fourier transformation is carried out to it,
So as to obtain the spectral information and full polarization information of target each point.
Above-mentioned use built-in scan mode is concretely comprised the following steps：Sagnac interferometers are rotated, rotary shaft passes through beam splitter center,
Parallel to y-axis.
Above-mentioned entire scan mode is concretely comprised the following steps：Translation or the whole high spectrum full polarization imaging dress based on FLC of rotation
Put.
Present invention contrast prior art has following remarkable advantage：
1. by the way of Frame projection interference imaging, luminous flux can be improved and collection of illustrative plates signal to noise ratio is restored.Simultaneously as not having
There is image planes narrow slit structure, higher spatial resolution can be realized；
2. system uses ferroelectric liquid crystals（FLC）Polarization Modulation is carried out, faster, single measurement is that can be achieved simultaneously to modulating speed
Detect the spectrum and polarization information of target.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the high spectrum full polarization imaging light channel structure schematic diagram based on FLC.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
With reference to Fig. 1, a kind of high spectrum full polarization imaging device based on FLC of the present invention, including along optical path direction
The preposition image-forming objective lens 1 that are sequentially placed, diaphragm 2, collimator objective 3, Polarization Modulation system 4, Sagnac interferometers 5, rearmounted imaging
Object lens 6 and detector 7；The imaging surface of preposition image-forming objective lens 1 is overlapped with the front focal plane of collimator objective 3, and in preposition image-forming objective lens 1
Imaging surface on place diaphragm 2；The target surface of detector 7 is located at the image planes position of rearmounted image-forming objective lens 6；Wherein Polarization Modulation system
Prolong including the first ferroelectric liquid crystals 41 being sequentially placed along light path, first phase delay piece 42, the second ferroelectric liquid crystals 43, second phase
Slow piece 44 and linear polarizer 45；All optical elements are coaxially contour relative to substrate, i.e., relative to optical table or instrument base
It is coaxial contour.
Light path trend is as follows：Detection objective emission or the light of reflection pass through preposition image-forming objective lens 1, diaphragm 2, collimator objective
After 3, piece 44 and line are postponed into piece 42, the second ferroelectric liquid crystals 43, second phase is postponed by the first ferroelectric liquid crystals 41, first phase
The Polarization Modulation system 4 that polarizer 45 is constituted, light beam enters after the phase-modulation of Polarization Modulation system 4 into Sagnac interferometers 5
Row interference modulations, are imaged on detector 7, each objective point imaging is right after interfering Polarization Modulation by rearmounted image-forming objective lens 6
On the pixel answered；By built-in scan or entire scan, it can obtain and carry interference partially under the different optical path differences of target each point
The target image for information of shaking.
A kind of imaging method of the high spectrum full polarization imaging device based on FLC, method and step is as follows：
Step one：Light from target each point enters preposition image-forming objective lens 1, and preposition image-forming objective lens 1 are limited by diaphragm 2
Image planes shape and size, eliminate veiling glare, then collimated by collimator objective 3, outgoing collimated light beam.Field stop 2 be located at it is preposition into
At the image planes of picture object lens, the object space focal plane of collimator objective 3 is overlapped with the image planes of preposition image-forming objective lens 1.
Step 2：Enter Polarization Modulation system 4 from the light beam of the outgoing of collimator objective 3, light beam passes sequentially through the first ferroelectricity liquid
Crystalline substance 41, first phase delay piece 42, the second ferroelectric liquid crystals 43, second phase delay piece 44 and linear polarizer 45.First ferroelectricity liquid
The ferroelectric liquid crystals 43 of crystalline substance 41 and second is under the control of input voltage, and the angle change of fast axle only has 0o and 45o two states, two
Ferroelectric liquid crystals, which combines, has the form of four groups of fast axle angle changes；When system often carries out a step interferential scanning, Mei Getie
Incident light passes through the modulation of four groups of fast axle angle states when electro-hydraulic brilliant fast axle angulation change often walks interferential scanning twice, i.e., and
Obtain four width interference images；Four interference images for corresponding to different fast axle angle combinations are obtained after the interferential scanning of system
Sequence；To each location of pixels in each interference image sequence, extract successively per the view data in two field picture same position,
A complete interference signal data are obtained, the interference signal data are carried out with spectrum recovering processing can obtain the location of pixels
Spectral information, then obtain by four groups of spectral informations the spectral information on each stokes component of the pixel position.
Step 3：Light beam after Polarization Modulation enters Sagnac interferometers 5, and Sagnac interferometers 5 include beam splitter
51st, the first speculum 52 and the second speculum 53,51 points by beam splitter of light is reflected light and transmitted light, and reflected light is passed through successively
Cross the first speculum 52 and the second speculum 53, then after being reflected through beam splitter 51 outgoing to rearmounted image-forming objective lens 6；Transmitted light is successively
After the second speculum 53 and the first speculum 52, then after being transmitted through beam splitter 51 outgoing to rearmounted image-forming objective lens 6.
Step 4：By the light beam of Sagnac interferometer outgoing, it is imaged on after rearmounted image-forming objective lens 6 on detector 7.
Step 5：The picture point that each object point is formed after interference Polarization Modulation system modulation is imaged on the correspondence of detector 7
Picture dot above, the interference light intensity information of object point can be obtained on the target surface of detector 7；By using built-in scan or system
The mode of entire scan push away sweeping to detection target, obtains the target interference of the interference information under the different optical path differences of target each point
Image, and it is converted into electric signal；To the interference data under the different optical path differences of electric signal extraction target each point of acquisition, then to interference
Data are handled, and are extracted the interference data under each stokes polarization vectors, Fourier transformation are carried out to it, so as to obtain target
The spectral information of each point and full polarization information.
Above-mentioned use built-in scan mode is concretely comprised the following steps：Sagnac interferometers 5 are rotated, rotary shaft is passed through in beam splitter 51
The heart, parallel to y-axis.
Above-mentioned entire scan mode is concretely comprised the following steps：Translation or the whole high spectrum full polarization imaging dress based on FLC of rotation
Put.
The high spectrum full polarization imaging device based on FLC of the present invention is by the way of Frame projection interference imaging, Ke Yiti
High light flux and recovery collection of illustrative plates signal to noise ratio.Simultaneously as not having image planes narrow slit structure, higher spatial resolution can be realized；
System carries out Polarization Modulation using FLC, and faster, single measurement is that spectrum polarizing information can be achieved to detect simultaneously to modulating speed.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of high spectrum full polarization imaging device based on FLC, it is characterised in that：Before being sequentially placed along optical path direction
Put image-forming objective lens（1）, diaphragm（2）, collimator objective（3）, Polarization Modulation system（4）, Sagnac interferometers（5）, rearmounted imaging thing
Mirror（6）And detector（7）；Preposition image-forming objective lens（1）Imaging surface and collimator objective（3）Front focal plane overlap, diaphragm（2）It is located at
Preposition image-forming objective lens（1）Imaging surface on；Polarization Modulation system（4）Including the first ferroelectric liquid crystals set gradually along light path
（41）, first phase delay piece（42）, the second ferroelectric liquid crystals（43）, second phase delay piece（44）And linear polarizer（45）, the
One ferroelectric liquid crystals（41）, first phase delay piece（42）, the second ferroelectric liquid crystals（43）Postpone piece with second phase（44）Fast axle
And linear polarizer（45）Light transmission shaft be respectively positioned in the plane vertical with light path；The target surface of detector (7) is located at rearmounted imaging thing
Mirror（6）Image planes position.
2. the imaging method based on the high spectrum full polarization imaging device based on FLC described in claim 1, it is characterised in that
Method and step is as follows：
Step one：Light from target each point enters preposition image-forming objective lens（1）, pass through diaphragm（2）Limit preposition image-forming objective lens（1）
Image planes shape and size, veiling glare is eliminated, then by collimator objective（3）Collimation, outgoing collimated light beam；Diaphragm（2）Positioned at preposition
Image-forming objective lens（1）Imaging surface at, collimator objective（3）Object space focal plane and preposition image-forming objective lens（1）Image planes overlap；
Step 2：From collimator objective（3）The light beam of outgoing enters Polarization Modulation system（4）, light beam passes sequentially through the first ferroelectricity liquid
It is brilliant（41）, first phase delay piece（42）, the second ferroelectric liquid crystals（43）, second phase delay piece（44）And linear polarizer（45）；
First ferroelectric liquid crystals（41）, the second ferroelectric liquid crystals（43）Under the control of voltage, fast axle angle occurs 0oWith 45oSwitching, the first iron
Electro-hydraulic crystalline substance（41）, the second ferroelectric liquid crystals（43）The form of four groups of fast axle angle changes is had after combination；When Polarization Modulation system（4）
When often carrying out a step interferential scanning, incident light is passed through when the fast axle angulation change of each ferroelectric liquid crystals often walks interferential scanning twice, i.e.,
The modulation of four groups of fast axle angle states is crossed, and obtains four width interference images；
Step 3：Light beam after Polarization Modulation enters Sagnac interferometers（5）, Sagnac interferometers（5）Including beam splitter
（51）, the first speculum（52）With the second speculum（53）, light passes through beam splitter（51）It is divided into reflected light and transmitted light, reflects
Light sequentially passes through the first speculum（52）With the second speculum（53）, then through beam splitter（51）Outgoing is to rearmounted imaging thing after reflection
Mirror（6）；Transmitted light sequentially passes through the second speculum（53）With the first speculum（52）Afterwards, then through beam splitter（51）Outgoing after transmission
To rearmounted image-forming objective lens（6）；
Step 4：By Sagnac interferometers（5）The light beam of outgoing, through rearmounted image-forming objective lens（6）After be imaged on detector（7）On；
Step 5：Each object point passes through Polarization Modulation system（4）With Sagnac interferometers（5）The picture point formed after modulation is imaged on
Detector（7）On corresponding picture dot, in detector（7）Target surface on obtain the interference light intensity information of object point, and to interference light intensity
Information is handled, and obtains the spectral information and full polarization information of target each point.
3. the imaging method of the high spectrum full polarization imaging device according to claim 2 based on FLC, it is characterised in that：
In above-mentioned steps five, interference light intensity information is handled, specific method is as follows：
Detection target push away sweeping by using the mode of built-in scan or system entire scan, target each point is obtained different
The target interference image of interference information under optical path difference, and electric signal is converted into, target each point is extracted not to the electric signal of acquisition
With the interference data under optical path difference, the interference data under each stokes polarization vectors is extracted, Fourier transformation is carried out to it, so that
Obtain the spectral information and full polarization information of target each point.
4. the imaging method of the high spectrum full polarization imaging device according to claim 3 based on FLC, it is characterised in that
Above-mentioned use built-in scan mode is concretely comprised the following steps：Rotate Sagnac interferometers（5）, rotary shaft passes through beam splitter（51）Center,
Direction of principal axis is rotated perpendicular to plane where paper.
5. the imaging method of the high spectrum full polarization imaging device according to claim 3 based on FLC, it is characterised in that
Above-mentioned entire scan mode is concretely comprised the following steps：Translation or the whole high spectrum full polarization imaging device based on FLC of rotation.
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| CN110806265A (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2020-02-18 | 南京理工大学 | Hyperspectral Mueller imaging device and imaging method thereof |
| CN109489579A (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2019-03-19 | 暨南大学 | A kind of Sagnac polarization imaging device and method based on high dencity grating |
| CN111750799B (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2022-03-18 | 南京理工大学 | Interference illumination-based five-dimensional information measuring device and method for spectrum polarization morphology |
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| CN103728574A (en) * | 2013-11-11 | 2014-04-16 | 中国科学院云南天文台 | Solar magnetic field polarization measuring instrument |
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| CN103776536A (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2014-05-07 | 中北大学 | Cascade large-optical-path-differece photoelastic modulating interferometer |
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