CN106872036A - Hyperspectral imaging devices and method based on birefringent polarizing interference - Google Patents
Hyperspectral imaging devices and method based on birefringent polarizing interference Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 68
- 239000005262 ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 27
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/447—Polarisation spectrometry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2823—Imaging spectrometer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
Abstract
Hyperspectral imaging devices and method based on birefringent polarizing interference, the present invention includes polarization beam apparatus, half-wave plate, Wollaston prisms, pyramid reflector, image-forming objective lens and detector, incident light from target produces interference on the detector, using built-in interferential scanning mode, the interference image information of target is obtained by detector, the spectral information that target is obtained after Fourier trasform spectroscopy restoration disposal is eventually passed.Single Wollaston prisms and pyramid reflector combination are open into shearing beam splitter by the present invention first, reduce the complexity and manufacturing cost of hyperspectral imager, and are improved the stability of system and restored the precision of spectrum.Hyperspectral imaging devices proposed by the present invention and method can provide a kind of effective technological approaches for the high light spectrum image-forming instrument of low complex degree, high stability, small light, multifunction.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to spectral imaging technology field, be related to Hyperspectral imaging devices based on birefringent polarizing principle of interference and
Method, imaging type spectrum analysis, free space beam or the optical fiber that can be used for object imports the spectrum analysis of light beam, with reference to
Polarization Modulation can be also used for spectrum and the polarization characteristic analysis of target to be measured.
Background technology
With spectral technique be combined together imaging technique by high light spectrum image-forming technology, is obtaining the two-dimensional space letter of target to be measured
While breath, fine spectral information is also obtain, the core meaning of the technology is to the thin of visible ray and infra-red radiation
It is divided into picture, for the specificity analysis of material provides a kind of effective decision means, in food security, medicine detection, biological doctor
Treatment, agricultural production, environment measuring, ecological monitoring, material tests, chemical analysis, criminal investigation, historical relic reparation, money
The fields such as source exploration have very big application potential.
Interference-type high light spectrum image-forming technology due to its excellent luminous flux, spectral resolution and spatial resolution characteristic, in crowd
Occupy critical positions in many spectral imaging technologies.Current interference-type high light spectrum image-forming technology is mainly employed
Michelson, Sagnac, Mach-Zehnder, Fabry-P é rot interference imaging technologies, and with Wollaston and Savart
Birefringent polarizing interference imaging technology based on prism.And the hyperspectral imager for being based on birefringent polarizing interference technique has
Simple structure, the advantage of volume compact, in actual applications with very big potentiality.Wherein, based on Wollaston prisms
Method need two Wollaston prism arrangements be open into shearing beam splitter, referring to A.R.Harvey, D.W.
Fletcher-Holmes.Birefringent Fourier-transform imaging spectrometer.Optics Express,2004,
12(22):5368-5374.But in reality processing and debug, it is difficult to ensure that the structural parameters of two Wollaston prisms are complete
It is exactly the same.Therefore, after incident beam passes through them, the two light beams for coming are sheared and are difficult to keep identical outgoing
Direction, causes the aliasing of interferometric fringe signal and modulation degree reduction, influence to restore the precision of spectrum.
In order to solve this problem, on the one hand need to improve the processing technology level of Wollaston prisms, on the other hand need
Improve the structural support precision and stability of Wollaston prisms.However, the technological approaches of these two aspects but increased
The complexity and manufacturing cost of system.
The content of the invention
The problem to be solved in the present invention is：In order to solve the complexity and stability problem of Hyperspectral imaging devices, one is proposed
Plant the Hyperspectral imaging devices and method that single Wollaston prisms and pyramid reflector combination are open into shearing beam splitter.
Polarization Modulation component is added in the optical path, can simultaneously realize the spectrum and measurement of polarization characteristic of target to be measured.In system front end
Diffusion sheet is placed, the spectrum and polarization of light beam can be imported with scan mode or static mode measurement free space beam or optical fiber
Characteristic.
The technical scheme is that：Based on the Hyperspectral imaging devices of birefringent polarizing interference, including along incident light direction
Polarization beam apparatus, half-wave plate, Wollaston prisms and the pyramid reflector being sequentially placed, and on emitting light path successively
The image-forming objective lens and detector of setting, polarization beam apparatus, half-wave plate, Wollaston prisms and pyramid reflector concentrically axle,
Referred to as primary optic axis, image-forming objective lens and detector concentrically axle, referred to as the second optical axis；Polarization beam apparatus thoroughly shake direction with
The optical axis of crystal direction of the wherein a piece of wedge of Wollaston prisms is identical, and perpendicular to primary optic axis, parallel to second
Optical axis；The fast axle of half-wave plate is 22.5 ° or 67.5 ° with the angular separation that shakes thoroughly of polarization beam apparatus, and the fast axle of half-wave plate is hung down
Directly in primary optic axis；Three reflectings surface of pyramid reflector are identical with the angle of primary optic axis；Wollaston prisms and pyramid
Reflector constitutes lateral shearing beam-splitter, for the lateral shear of incident beam.
Polarization beam apparatus are polarization splitting prism or polarization spectro plain film；Pyramid reflector is that prism of corner cube or hollow pyramid are anti-
Emitter.
As the first improvement, along incident light direction, first phase delayer and the are also sequentially provided with before polarization beam apparatus
The fast axle of two phase delayer, first phase delayer and second phase delayer is each perpendicular to primary optic axis.
As second improvement, along incident light direction, the first ferroelectric liquid crystals, first are also sequentially provided with before polarization beam apparatus
Phase delay chip, the second ferroelectric liquid crystals and second phase postpone piece, and the first ferroelectric liquid crystals, first phase postpone piece, second
The fast axle that ferroelectric liquid crystals and second phase postpone piece is each perpendicular to primary optic axis.
As the third improvement, along incident light direction, preposition image-forming objective lens, visual field are also sequentially provided with before polarization beam apparatus
Diaphragm and collimator objective, field stop be located at preposition image-forming objective lens image planes at, the object space focal plane of collimator objective with it is preposition
The image planes of image-forming objective lens overlap.
The third improvement project can be combined with first and second kinds of improvement projects respectively obtains the 4th, the 5th kind of improvement project.
As the 6th kind of improvement, along incident light direction, diffusion sheet is additionally provided with before polarization beam apparatus, diffusion sheet is perpendicular to the
One optical axis.
6th kind of improvement project can be combined with first to the 5th kind of improvement project respectively obtains new improvement project.
The imaging method of Hyperspectral imaging devices of the present invention based on birefringent polarizing interference, comprises the following steps
The first step, the incident beam from target enters polarization beam apparatus, polarization beam apparatus incident light resolve into perpendicular to
Reflection linearly polarized light and the parallel transmission linearly polarized light in incident surface vibration of incident surface vibration；
Second step, transmission linearly polarized light rotates 45 ° by half-wave plate rear polarizer direction, the light axle clamp with Wollaston prisms
Angle is 45 °；
3rd step, two beam intensities are equal, direction of vibration hangs down mutually by being broken down into after Wollaston prisms for linearly polarized light
Directly, the separate linearly polarized light of exit direction；
4th step, after two bunch polarised lights incide pyramid reflector, each reflexes to parallel to incident direction
Wollaston prisms；
5th step, after two bunch polarised lights again pass by Wollaston prisms, become two beam-emergence directions it is parallel to each other,
Direction of vibration is orthogonal and linearly polarized light separately；
6th step, the parallel linearly polarized light of two beams is by after half-wave plate, polarization direction rotates 45 °, and is again introduced into partially
Shake beam splitter；
7th step, two bunch polarised lights are by after polarization beam apparatus, the linearly polarized light component perpendicular to incident surface vibration is anti-
Penetrate, the reflected light is interfered by image-forming objective lens post-concentration in generation on detector target surface, and then obtains target by detector
Interference image information, eventually passes the spectral information for restoring target after Fourier transformation is processed.
On this basis, imaging device has four kinds of built-in interferential scanning modes：
The first, rotates Wollaston prisms and pyramid reflector, and rotary shaft is perpendicular to imaging device base plane；
Second, translate Wollaston prisms, translation direction perpendicular to primary optic axis, and parallel to imaging device bottom
Seat plane；
The third, translates pyramid reflector, and translation direction is perpendicular to primary optic axis and flat parallel to imaging device base
Face；
4th kind, pyramid reflector is rotated, rotary shaft has parallel to primary optic axis, summit and the rotary shaft of pyramid reflector
It is off-axis rotation to have interval, i.e. pyramid reflector；
Using these four interferential scanning modes, corresponding optical element often rotates one distance of an angle or translation, detection
Device gathers an interference information；An interference image sequence is obtained after the completion of scanning, each location of pixels is extracted successively
Per the view data in two field picture same position, you can one complete interference signal data of composition, to the interference signal number
The spectral information of the location of pixels is obtained according to spectrum recovering treatment is carried out.
Imaging method one kind of Hyperspectral imaging devices described in above-mentioned the first improvement project is：First phase delayer and
When second phase delayer is birefringece crystal, incident light passes through the two phase delay devices and follow-up optics
Afterwards, interference is produced on detector target surface；First phase delayer and second phase delayer are by the Stokes of incident light
Component information is modulated onto different wave numbers, there is the interference that seven components are left in the interference image that every step interferential scanning is obtained
Signal；By obtaining an interference image sequence after the interferential scanning of imaging device, each location of pixels is extracted often successively
View data in two field picture same position, obtains an interference signal that there are seven components to leave, and every group is intercepted respectively and is done
Relating to signal carries out independent spectrum recovering, you can obtain the letter of the spectrum on each stokes component of the pixel position
Breath.
The imaging method another kind of the Hyperspectral imaging devices described in above-mentioned the first improvement project is：First phase delayer
During with second phase delayer for LC variable phase delay device, the control voltage value for changing phase delay device can change phase
Position retardation；Each phase delay device sets two input voltage values, that is, have four groups of combining forms of phase-delay quantity；
When imaging device carries out each step interferential scanning, each phase delay device changes magnitude of voltage twice, i.e., often walk interferential scanning
When incident light by four groups of modulation of phase-delay quantity；Correspond to out of phase retardation by obtaining four after interferential scanning
The interference image sequence of combination；To each location of pixels in each interference image sequence, extract successively identical per two field picture
View data on position, obtains a complete interference signal data, and the interference signal data are carried out at spectrum recovering
Reason can obtain the spectral information of the location of pixels, then this support at each of the pixel position is obtained by four groups of spectral informations
Spectral information on gram this component.
The imaging method of the Hyperspectral imaging devices described in above-mentioned second improvement project is：Ferroelectric liquid crystals is in input voltage
Under control, the angle change of fast axle only has 0 ° and 45 ° of two states, and two ferroelectric liquid crystals combine and have four groups of fast axles
The form of angle change；When imaging device carries out each step interferential scanning, the fast axle Angulation changes two of each ferroelectric liquid crystals
Secondary, i.e., incident light is by four groups of modulation of fast axle angle state when often walking interferential scanning；By obtaining four after interferential scanning
Corresponding to the interference image sequence of different fast axle angle combinations；To each location of pixels in each interference image sequence, according to
It is secondary to extract per the view data in two field picture same position, a complete interference signal data are obtained, to the interference signal
Data carry out spectrum recovering treatment and can obtain the spectral information of the location of pixels, then obtain the pixel by four groups of spectral informations
The spectral information on each stokes component at position.
The imaging method of the Hyperspectral imaging devices described in above-mentioned the third improvement project is：Preposition image-forming objective lens are to focus into
As object lens, varifocal imaging object lens or microcobjective, the incident light from near-field target is by preposition image-forming objective lens, visual field light
Become the emergent light of collimation after door screen and collimator objective, field stop is used to limit the image planes shape and chi of preposition image-forming objective lens
It is very little, suppress veiling glare.
The imaging method of the Hyperspectral imaging devices described in above-mentioned 6th kind of improvement project is：Free space beam or optical fiber are led
Enter light beam by after diffusion sheet, light beam produces the transmission of all directions, is converted into equivalent to light beam and is positioned over infinity
Homogenous diffused light source, these transmitted light beams on detector target surface by producing interference after follow-up optical element；Using interior
Formula interferential scanning mode is put, or uses single frames imaging mode, obtain the interference signal of light beam；During using single frames imaging mode,
Data composition interference signal data in extraction image on line direction, obtain after carrying out spectrum recovering to the interference signal data
The spectral information of light beam.
According to first, second and third, the description of six kind of improvement project, those skilled in the art can be derived by their combination
The imaging method of scheme.
For the problem that prior art is present, the present invention proposes a kind of high light spectrum image-forming based on single Wollaston prisms
Device and method, its innovation is that single Wollaston prisms and pyramid reflector combination are open into shearing beam splitting first
Device, solves the processing of birefringence lateral shearing beam-splitter and debugs problem, reduces the complexity and manufacturing cost of imaging device,
And improve stability and restore the precision of spectrum.On this basis, the present invention is being imaged using the thought of Polarization Modulation
Polarization Modulation component is added to obtain the spectrum and polarization image information of target to be measured in device.Additionally, the present invention is also using void
Intend the thought of infinity interference imaging, place diffusion sheet in the front end of imaging device and realize that free space beam or optical fiber are imported
The spectrum and measurement of polarization characteristic of light beam.
Hyperspectral imaging devices proposed by the present invention and method can be low complex degree, high stability, small light, multi-functional
The high light spectrum image-forming instrument of change provides a kind of effective technological approaches, and contrast prior art has following remarkable advantage：
1. single Wollaston prisms and pyramid reflector combination are open into shearing beam splitter, reduce lateral shear beam splitting
The processing of device and dress school difficulty, increase stability, improve the precision for restoring spectrum, and can also reduce the system of imaging device
Cause this.
2. using Wollaston prisms and pyramid reflector combination into lateral shearing beam-splitter, be easy to horizontal shear capacity
Adjustment, improve imaging device debugs efficiency, is conducive to mass production.
3. by the way of pyramid reflector rotation sweep, the motion tilt problem that prism translation mode is produced effectively is solved,
Easily realize that high-velocity scanning is imaged, and the complexity and volume of interferential scanning component can be reduced, be conducive to imaging device
Small light.
4. target beam can be used for direct imaging by the linearly polarized light reflected after polarization beam apparatus, be imaging
Device provides a kind of while carrying out the feasibility of high-resolution imaging, is suitable for the application scenario of micro-imaging.
5. Polarization Modulation component is added in the optical path, the spectrum and measurement of polarization characteristic of target to be measured can be simultaneously realized, is had
High flux, high spatial resolution, the advantage of high spectral resolution.
6. diffusion sheet is placed in imaging device front end, free space beam can be measured in bigbore thang-kng mode or optical fiber is led
Enter the spectrum and polarization characteristic of light beam, with wide visual field and high-throughout advantage.
7. by the way of Frame projection interference imaging, on the one hand, unified thang-kng can realize that high flux is imaged, improve multiple
The signal to noise ratio of artwork spectrum；On the other hand, due to there is no image planes narrow slit structure, spatial resolution higher can be realized；And
And, the imaging mode of Frame projection can realize more intuitively image preview, be easy to find a view, focus and intensity control.
8. by the way of built-in interferential scanning, on the one hand, can effectively increase the dynamic range of sampled signal, improve
Restore the signal to noise ratio of collection of illustrative plates；On the other hand, light path sweep limits can be expanded, spectral resolution higher is obtained；And,
Extra external scanning head is not needed, integration and the small light of structure is realized, is adapted to the occasions such as laboratory and field
Portable type application.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is Hyperspectral imaging devices schematic diagram in far field of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the Transverse Shear cutter beam splitter rotation sweep schematic diagram of Hyperspectral imaging devices of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the Wollaston prism translation scan schematic diagrames of Hyperspectral imaging devices of the invention.
Fig. 4 is the pyramid reflector translation scan schematic diagram of Hyperspectral imaging devices of the invention.
Fig. 5 is the pyramid reflector rotation sweep schematic diagram of Hyperspectral imaging devices of the invention.
Fig. 6 is the far field Hyperspectral imaging devices schematic diagram of use phase delay device Polarization Modulation of the invention.
Fig. 7 is the far field Hyperspectral imaging devices schematic diagram of use ferroelectric liquid crystals Polarization Modulation of the invention.
Fig. 8 is Hyperspectral imaging devices schematic diagram near field of the invention.
Fig. 9 is the near field Hyperspectral imaging devices schematic diagram of use phase delay device Polarization Modulation of the invention.
Figure 10 is the near field Hyperspectral imaging devices schematic diagram of use ferroelectric liquid crystals Polarization Modulation of the invention.
Figure 11 is the schematic diagram of point type spectral measurement device one of the invention.
Figure 12 is the schematic diagram of point type spectral measurement device one of use phase delay device Polarization Modulation of the invention.
Figure 13 is the schematic diagram of point type spectral measurement device one of use ferroelectric liquid crystals Polarization Modulation of the invention.
Figure 14 is the schematic diagram of point type spectral measurement device two of the invention.
Figure 15 is the schematic diagram of point type spectral measurement device two of use phase delay device Polarization Modulation of the invention.
Figure 16 is the schematic diagram of point type spectral measurement device two of use ferroelectric liquid crystals Polarization Modulation of the invention.
In figure, 1- polarization beam apparatus, 2- half-wave plates, 3-Wollaston prisms, 4- pyramids reflector, 5- image-forming objective lens,
6- detectors, 7- first phase delayer, 8- second phase delayer, the ferroelectric liquid crystals of 9- first, 10- first phase postpone
Piece, the ferroelectric liquid crystals of 11- second, 12 second phase postpone piece, the preposition image-forming objective lens of 13-, 14- field stops, 15- collimations
Object lens, 16- diffusion sheets.
Specific embodiment
The present invention proposes a kind of bloom that single Wollaston prisms and pyramid reflector combination are open into shearing beam splitter
Spectrum imaging device and method.Polarization Modulation component is added in the optical path, can simultaneously realize that the spectrum and polarization of target to be measured are special
Property measurement.Diffusion sheet is placed in imaging device front end, can be with scan mode or static mode measurement free space beam or light
Fibre imports the spectrum and polarization characteristic of light beam.
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is based on the Hyperspectral imaging devices shown in Fig. 1, including the polarization beam splitting being sequentially placed along incident light direction
Device 1, half-wave plate 2, Wollaston prisms 3 and pyramid reflector 4, and the imaging set gradually on emitting light path
Object lens 5 and detector 6, polarization beam apparatus 1, half-wave plate 2, Wollaston prisms 3 and pyramid reflector 4 are concentrically
Axle, referred to as primary optic axis, image-forming objective lens 5 and detector 6 concentrically axle, referred to as the second optical axis；Polarization beam apparatus 1
The saturating direction that shakes is identical with the optical axis of crystal direction of the wherein a piece of wedge of Wollaston prisms 3, and perpendicular to the first light
Axle, parallel to the second optical axis；The fast axle of half-wave plate 2 is 22.5 ° or 67.5 ° with the angular separation that shakes thoroughly of polarization beam apparatus 1,
And the fast axle of half-wave plate 2 is perpendicular to primary optic axis；Three reflectings surface of pyramid reflector 4 are identical with the angle of primary optic axis；
Wollaston prisms 3 and the composition lateral shearing beam-splitter of pyramid reflector 4, realize the lateral shear effect of incident beam.
The process that target carries out high light spectrum image-forming is mainly included the following steps that：
The first step, the incident beam from far field objects enters polarization beam apparatus 1, and polarization beam apparatus 1 decompose incident light
Into reflection linearly polarized light and the parallel transmission linearly polarized light in incident surface vibration perpendicular to incident surface vibration；
Second step, transmission linearly polarized light rotates 45 ° by the rear polarizer direction of half-wave plate 2, the light with Wollaston prisms 3
Axle clamp angle is 45 °；
3rd step, two beam intensities are equal, direction of vibration is mutual by being broken down into after Wollaston prisms 3 for linearly polarized light
Vertically, the separate linearly polarized light of exit direction；
4th step, after two bunch polarised lights incide pyramid reflector 4, each reflexes to parallel to incident direction
Wollaston prisms 3；
5th step, after two bunch polarised lights again pass by Wollaston prisms 3, become two beam-emergence directions it is parallel to each other,
Direction of vibration is orthogonal and linearly polarized light separately；
6th step, the parallel linearly polarized light of two beams is by after half-wave plate 2, polarization direction rotates 45 °, and is again introduced into
Polarization beam apparatus 1；
7th step, two bunch polarised lights by after polarization beam apparatus 1, perpendicular to the linearly polarized light component quilt of incident surface vibration
Reflection, the reflected light is interfered by the post-concentration of image-forming objective lens 5 in generation on the target surface of detector 6, and then is obtained by detector 6
Obtain the interference image information of target.The image has the spatial structure characteristic and interference fringe feature of target simultaneously, its imaging
Mode is a kind of interference imaging mode of Frame projection.
As shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the built-in scan mode that high light spectrum image-forming is carried out to target is mainly wrapped
Include following four：The first, rotates Wollaston prisms 3 and pyramid reflector 4, and rotary shaft is perpendicular to imaging device bottom
Seat plane；Second, translation Wollaston prisms 3, translation direction perpendicular to primary optic axis, and parallel to imaging
Device pedestal plane；The third, translation pyramid reflector 4, translation direction perpendicular to primary optic axis, and parallel into
As device pedestal plane；4th kind, rotation pyramid reflector 4, rotary shaft is parallel to primary optic axis, pyramid reflector 4
Summit and rotary shaft there is interval, i.e., pyramid reflector 4 is off-axis rotation；Using these four interferential scanning modes,
Scanning device often rotates one distance of an angle or translation, and detector 6 gathers an interference information；After the completion of scanning
An interference image sequence is obtained, the view data in every two field picture same position is extracted successively to each location of pixels, i.e.,
A complete interference signal data can be constituted, the interference signal data are carried out with spectrum recovering treatment can obtain the pixel
The spectral information of position.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is based on the Hyperspectral imaging devices shown in Fig. 6, on the basis of embodiment 1, along incident light direction,
First phase delayer 7 and second phase delayer 8 are sequentially placed before polarization beam apparatus 1；First phase delayer 7
Fast axle with second phase delayer 8 is each perpendicular to primary optic axis；The placement requirement of remaining optics and the phase of embodiment 1
Together.
First phase delayer 7 and second phase delayer 8 can be simultaneously birefringece crystal, or be simultaneously LC variable
Phase delay device.
When first phase delayer 7 and second phase delayer 8 are birefringece crystal, both crystal thickness ratios are
1:2, both fast axle angles are 45 °, and fast axle and the polarization beam apparatus 1 of first phase delayer 7 the direction that shakes thoroughly
It is parallel；Incident light pass through after the two phase delay devices, and follow-up optics produced on the target surface of detector 6 it is dry
Relate to；First phase delayer 7 and second phase delayer 8 are by the stokes component modulates information of incident light to different
In wave number, there is the interference signal that seven components are left in the interference image that every step interferential scanning is obtained；By the interference of system
An interference image sequence is obtained after scanning, the picture number in every two field picture same position is extracted successively to each location of pixels
According to, an interference signal that there are seven components to leave is obtained, every group of interference signal is intercepted respectively carries out independent spectrum recovering,
The spectral information on each stokes component of the pixel position can be obtained.
When first phase delayer 7 and second phase delayer 8 are LC variable phase delay device, first phase delayer
7 fast axle is 45 ° with the angle in the direction that shakes thoroughly of polarization beam apparatus 1, fast axle and the polarization point of second phase delayer 8
The angle in the direction that shakes thoroughly of beam device 1 is 22.5 °；When the control voltage value of phase delay device changes, phase-delay quantity
Also generation change is followed；Each phase delay device sets two input voltage values, and corresponding phase-delay quantity is respectively 0
And the phase delay device of pi/2, i.e., two has four groups of combining forms of phase-delay quantity：(0,0)、(0,π/2)、(π/2,0)、
(π/2,π/2)；When system often carries out a step interferential scanning, each phase delay device changes the phase delay twice of 0 and pi/2
Amount, i.e., incident light is by four groups of modulation of phase-delay quantity when often walking interferential scanning, and obtains four width interference images；By
Four interference image sequences for corresponding to the combination of out of phase retardation are obtained after the interferential scanning of system；To each interference pattern
As each location of pixels in sequence, extract per the view data in two field picture same position successively, obtain one it is complete
Interference signal data, the interference signal data are carried out with spectrum recovering treatment can obtain the spectral information of the location of pixels,
The spectral information on each stokes component of the pixel position is obtained by four groups of spectral informations again.
The present embodiment on the basis of embodiment 1, add Polarization Modulation component, can realize far field objects EO-1 hyperion and
Full polarization imaging.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment is based on the Hyperspectral imaging devices shown in Fig. 7, on the basis of embodiment 1, along incident light direction,
The first ferroelectric liquid crystals 9, first phase is sequentially placed before polarization beam apparatus 1 and postpones piece 10, the and of the second ferroelectric liquid crystals 11
Second phase postpones piece 12, and the first ferroelectric liquid crystals 9, first phase postpones piece 10, the second ferroelectric liquid crystals 11 and the second phase
The fast axle that position postpones piece 12 is each perpendicular to primary optic axis；The placement of remaining optics requires same as Example 1.
Optical path delay amount of first ferroelectric liquid crystals 9 in wavelength 510nm is 298nm, fast axle and polarization beam apparatus 1
The angle in the saturating direction that shakes is 90 °；It is 416nm that first phase postpones optical path delay amount of the piece 10 in wavelength 465nm,
Fast axle is 3.5 ° with the angle in the direction that shakes thoroughly of polarization beam apparatus 1；Light of second ferroelectric liquid crystals 11 in wavelength 510nm
Journey retardation is 260nm, and fast axle is 93 ° with the angle in the direction that shakes thoroughly of polarization beam apparatus 1；Second phase postpones piece 12
Optical path delay amount in wavelength 465nm is 409nm, and fast axle is 20 with the angle in the direction that shakes thoroughly of polarization beam apparatus 1
°。
Under the control of input voltage, the angle change of fast axle only has 0 ° for first ferroelectric liquid crystals 9 and the second ferroelectric liquid crystals 11
With 45 ° of two states, two ferroelectric liquid crystals combine and have four groups of forms of fast axle angle change；When system is often carried out
During one step interferential scanning, incident light is by four when the fast axle Angulation changes of each ferroelectric liquid crystals often walk interferential scanning twice, i.e.,
The modulation of group fast axle angle state, and obtain four width interference images；Correspond to by obtaining four after the interferential scanning of system
The interference image sequence of different fast axle angle combinations；To each location of pixels in each interference image sequence, extract successively
Per the view data in two field picture same position, a complete interference signal data are obtained, the interference signal data are entered
The treatment of row spectrum recovering can obtain the spectral information of the location of pixels, then obtain the pixel position by four groups of spectral informations
The spectral information on each stokes component.
The present embodiment on the basis of embodiment 1, add Polarization Modulation component, can realize far field objects EO-1 hyperion and
Full polarization imaging.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment is based on the Hyperspectral imaging devices shown in Fig. 8, on the basis of embodiment 1, exists along incident light direction
Preposition image-forming objective lens 13, field stop 14 and collimator objective 15 are sequentially placed before polarization beam apparatus 1；Field stop 14
At the image planes of preposition image-forming objective lens 13, the image planes of the object space focal plane of collimator objective 15 and preposition image-forming objective lens 13
Overlap；The placement of remaining optics requires same as Example 1.
Preposition image-forming objective lens 13 are to focus image-forming objective lens, varifocal imaging object lens or microcobjective, entering from near-field target
Light is penetrated by becoming the emergent light of collimation, field stop after preposition image-forming objective lens 13, field stop 14 and collimator objective 15
The 14 image planes shape and size that can limit preposition image-forming objective lens 13, with the effect for suppressing veiling glare.
The present embodiment adds preposition image-forming objective lens 13, field stop 14 and collimator objective 15 on the basis of embodiment 1,
The high light spectrum image-forming of near-field target can be realized.
Embodiment 5
The present embodiment is based on the Hyperspectral imaging devices shown in Fig. 9, is the combination of embodiment 2 and embodiment 4, along incidence
Light direction is sequentially placed preposition image-forming objective lens 13, field stop 14 and collimator objective 15 before first phase delayer 7,；
The placement requirement of optics is identical with embodiment 2 and embodiment 4.
The present embodiment adds preposition image-forming objective lens 13, field stop 14 and collimator objective 15 on the basis of embodiment 2,
The EO-1 hyperion and full polarization imaging of near-field target can be realized.
Embodiment 6
The present embodiment is based on the Hyperspectral imaging devices shown in Figure 10, is the combination of embodiment 3 and embodiment 4, and edge enters
Penetrate light direction and preposition image-forming objective lens 13, field stop 14 and collimator objective 15 be sequentially placed before the first ferroelectric liquid crystals 9,
The placement requirement of optics is identical with embodiment 3 and embodiment 4.
The present embodiment adds preposition image-forming objective lens 13, field stop 14 and collimator objective 15 on the basis of embodiment 3,
The EO-1 hyperion and full polarization imaging of near-field target can be realized.
Embodiment 7
The present embodiment is based on the Hyperspectral imaging devices shown in Figure 11, on the basis of embodiment 1, along incident light direction
Diffusion sheet 16 is placed before polarization beam apparatus 1, diffusion sheet 16 is perpendicular to primary optic axis；The placement of remaining optics will
Ask same as Example 1.
Free space beam or optical fiber import light beam by after diffusion sheet 16, light beam produces the transmission of all directions, quite
Be converted into the homogenous diffused light source for being positioned over infinity in light beam, these transmitted light beams by after follow-up optical element
Interference is produced on the target surface of detector 6, the imaging mode is a kind of remote interference imaging mode of virtual unlimited；In order to obtain light
The interference signal of beam, can use four kinds of above-mentioned built-in interferential scanning modes, it would however also be possible to employ single frames imaging mode；
During using single frames imaging mode, the data in extraction image on line direction can constitute interference signal data, and the interference is believed
Number can obtain after spectrum recovering the spectral information of light beam.
The present embodiment adds diffusion sheet 16 on the basis of embodiment 1, can realize that free space beam or optical fiber are imported
The spectrum measurement of light beam.
Embodiment 8
The present embodiment is based on the Hyperspectral imaging devices shown in Figure 12, is the combination of embodiment 2 and embodiment 7, and edge enters
Light direction is penetrated, diffusion sheet 16, placement requirement and the embodiment 2 of each optics are placed before first phase delayer 7
It is identical with embodiment 7.
The present embodiment adds diffusion sheet 16 on the basis of embodiment 2, can realize that free space beam or optical fiber are imported
The spectrum and measurement of polarization characteristic of light beam.
Embodiment 9
The present embodiment is based on the Hyperspectral imaging devices shown in Figure 13, is the combination of embodiment 3 and embodiment 7, and edge enters
Light direction is penetrated, diffusion sheet 16, placement requirement and embodiment 3 and the reality of each optics are placed before the first ferroelectric liquid crystals 9
Apply example 7 identical.
The present embodiment adds diffusion sheet 16 on the basis of embodiment 3, can realize that free space beam or optical fiber are imported
The spectrum and measurement of polarization characteristic of light beam.
Embodiment 10
The present embodiment is based on the Hyperspectral imaging devices shown in Figure 14, is the combination of embodiment 4 and embodiment 7, and edge enters
Penetrate light direction, place diffusion sheet 16 before preposition image-forming objective lens 13, the placement requirement of each optics and embodiment 4 and
Embodiment 7 is identical.
The present embodiment adds diffusion sheet 16 on the basis of embodiment 4, can realize that free space beam or optical fiber are imported
The spectrum and measurement of polarization characteristic of light beam.
Embodiment 11
The present embodiment is based on the Hyperspectral imaging devices shown in Figure 15, is the combination of embodiment 5 and embodiment 7, and edge enters
Penetrate light direction, place diffusion sheet 16 before preposition image-forming objective lens 13, the placement requirement of each optics and embodiment 5 and
Embodiment 7 is identical.
The present embodiment adds diffusion sheet 16 on the basis of embodiment 5, can realize that free space beam or optical fiber are imported
The spectrum and measurement of polarization characteristic of light beam.
Embodiment 12
The present embodiment is based on the Hyperspectral imaging devices shown in Figure 16, is the combination of embodiment 6 and embodiment 7, and edge enters
Penetrate light direction, place diffusion sheet 16 before preposition image-forming objective lens 13, the placement requirement of each optics and embodiment 6 and
Embodiment 7 is identical.
The present embodiment adds diffusion sheet 16 on the basis of embodiment 6, can realize that free space beam or optical fiber are imported
The spectrum and measurement of polarization characteristic of light beam.
Claims (15)
1. the Hyperspectral imaging devices interfered based on birefringent polarizing, it is characterised in that：Including along incident light direction successively
The polarization beam apparatus (1) of placement, half-wave plate (2), Wollaston prisms (3) and pyramid reflector (4), and in emitting light path
On the image-forming objective lens (5) and detector (6) that set gradually, polarization beam apparatus (1), half-wave plate (2), Wollaston prisms (3)
With pyramid reflector (4) concentrically axle, referred to as primary optic axis, image-forming objective lens (5) and detector (6) concentrically axle, referred to as
Two optical axises；Shake thoroughly direction and the optical axis of crystal direction of the wherein a piece of wedge of Wollaston prisms (3) of polarization beam apparatus (1)
It is identical, and perpendicular to primary optic axis, parallel to the second optical axis；The fast axle of half-wave plate (2) is saturating with polarization beam apparatus (1)
Angular separation shake for 22.5 ° or 67.5 °, and half-wave plate (2) fast axle perpendicular to primary optic axis；The three of pyramid reflector (4)
Individual reflecting surface is identical with the angle of primary optic axis；Wollaston prisms (3) and pyramid reflector (4) composition lateral shear beam splitting
Device, for the lateral shear of incident beam.
2. it is according to claim 1 based on birefringent polarizing interference Hyperspectral imaging devices, it is characterised in that：
Polarization beam apparatus (1) are polarization splitting prism or polarization spectro plain film；Pyramid reflector (4) is prism of corner cube or hollow pyramid
Reflector.
3. Hyperspectral imaging devices based on birefringent polarizing interference according to claim 1 and 2, its feature exists
In：Along incident light direction, first phase delayer (7) is also sequentially provided with before polarization beam apparatus (1) and second phase postpones
The fast axle of device (8), first phase delayer (7) and second phase delayer (8) is each perpendicular to primary optic axis.
4. Hyperspectral imaging devices based on birefringent polarizing interference according to claim 1 and 2, its feature exists
In：Along incident light direction, the first ferroelectric liquid crystals (9), first phase are also sequentially provided with before polarization beam apparatus (1) and postpone piece
(10), the second ferroelectric liquid crystals (11) and second phase postpone piece (12), the first ferroelectric liquid crystals (9), first phase postpone piece (10),
Second ferroelectric liquid crystals (11) and second phase postpone the vertical primary optic axis of fast axle of piece (12).
5. Hyperspectral imaging devices based on birefringent polarizing interference according to claim 1 and 2, its feature exists
In：Along incident light direction, be also sequentially provided with before polarization beam apparatus (1) preposition image-forming objective lens (13), field stop (14) and
Collimator objective (15), field stop (14) is at the image planes of preposition image-forming objective lens (13), and the object space of collimator objective (15) is burnt flat
Face overlaps with the image planes of preposition image-forming objective lens (13).
6. Hyperspectral imaging devices based on birefringent polarizing interference according to claim 3 or 4, its feature exists
In：Along incident light direction, preposition image-forming objective lens (13), field stop (14) and collimator objective (15) are first set gradually, then set
Other optical elements are put, field stop (14) is at the image planes of preposition image-forming objective lens (13), and the object space of collimator objective (15) is burnt
Plane overlaps with the image planes of preposition image-forming objective lens (13).
7. Hyperspectral imaging devices based on birefringent polarizing interference according to claim 1 and 2, its feature exists
In：Along incident light direction, diffusion sheet (16) is additionally provided with before polarization beam apparatus (1), diffusion sheet (16) is perpendicular to primary optic axis.
8. Hyperspectral imaging devices based on birefringent polarizing interference according to claim any one of 3-6, it is special
Levy and be：Along incident light direction, diffusion sheet (16) is first set other optical elements are set again, diffusion sheet (16) is perpendicular to the
One optical axis.
9. described in claim 1 or 2 based on birefringent polarizing interference Hyperspectral imaging devices imaging method, its
It is characterised by：
The first step, the incident beam from target enters polarization beam apparatus (1), and polarization beam apparatus (1) resolve into incident light
Perpendicular to reflection linearly polarized light and the parallel transmission linearly polarized light in incident surface vibration of incident surface vibration；
Second step, transmission linearly polarized light rotates 45 ° by half-wave plate (2) rear polarizer direction, with Wollaston prisms (3)
Optical axis included angle is 45 °；
3rd step, two beam intensities are equal, direction of vibration is mutual by being broken down into after Wollaston prisms (3) for linearly polarized light
Vertically, the separate linearly polarized light of exit direction；
4th step, after two bunch polarised lights incide pyramid reflector (4), each reflexes to parallel to incident direction
Wollaston prisms (3)；
5th step, after two bunch polarised lights again pass by Wollaston prisms (3), become two beam-emergence directions it is parallel to each other,
Direction of vibration is orthogonal and spaced linearly polarized light；
6th step, the parallel linearly polarized light of two beams is by after half-wave plate (2), polarization direction rotates 45 °, and is again introduced into
Polarization beam apparatus (1)；
7th step, two bunch polarised lights by after polarization beam apparatus (1), perpendicular to the linearly polarized light component quilt of incident surface vibration
Reflection, the reflected light is interfered by image-forming objective lens (5) post-concentration in generation on detector (6) target surface, and then by detector (6)
The interference image information of target is obtained, the spectral information for restoring target after Fourier transformation is processed is eventually passed.
10. it is according to claim 9 based on birefringent polarizing interference Hyperspectral imaging devices imaging method, its
It is characterised by：The imaging device has four kinds of built-in interferential scanning modes：
The first, rotates Wollaston prisms (3) and pyramid reflector (4), and rotary shaft is perpendicular to imaging device base plane；
Second, translation Wollaston prisms (3), translation direction perpendicular to primary optic axis, and parallel to imaging device
Base plane；
The third, translation pyramid reflector (4), translation direction perpendicular to primary optic axis, and parallel to imaging device base
Plane；
4th kind, rotation pyramid reflector (4), rotary shaft is parallel to primary optic axis, summit and the rotation of pyramid reflector (4)
Rotating shaft has interval, i.e., pyramid reflector (4) is off-axis rotation；
Using these four interferential scanning modes, corresponding optical element often rotates one distance of an angle or translation, detection
Device (6) gathers an interference information；An interference image sequence is obtained after the completion of scanning, each location of pixels is carried successively
The view data in every two field picture same position is taken, you can one complete interference signal data of composition, to the interference signal
Data carry out the spectral information that spectrum recovering treatment obtains the location of pixels.
The imaging method of the Hyperspectral imaging devices based on birefringent polarizing interference described in 11. claims 3, its feature
It is：When first phase delayer (7) and second phase delayer (8) are for birefringece crystal, incident light passes through the two phases
After position delayer and follow-up optical element, interference is produced on detector (6) target surface；First phase delayer (7) and
Second phase delayer (8) by the stokes component modulates information of incident light to different wave numbers, in every step interferential scanning
There is the interference signal that seven components are left in the interference image of acquisition；By obtaining an interference after the interferential scanning of imaging device
Image sequence, the view data in every two field picture same position is extracted to each location of pixels successively, and obtaining one has seven
The interference signal that component is left, every group of interference signal is intercepted respectively carries out independent spectrum recovering, you can obtain the location of pixels
The spectral information on each stokes component at place.
The imaging method of the Hyperspectral imaging devices based on birefringent polarizing interference described in 12. claims 3, its feature
It is：When first phase delayer (7) and second phase delayer (8) are for LC variable phase delay device, change phase and prolong
The control voltage value of slow device can change phase-delay quantity；Each phase delay device sets two input voltage values, that is, have
Four groups of combining forms of phase-delay quantity；When imaging device carries out each step interferential scanning, each phase delay device changes
Magnitude of voltage twice, i.e., when often walking interferential scanning incident light by four groups of modulation of phase-delay quantity, by after interferential scanning
To four interference image sequences for corresponding to the combination of out of phase retardation；To each pixel in each interference image sequence
Position, extracts per the view data in two field picture same position successively, a complete interference signal data is obtained, to this
Interference signal data carry out spectrum recovering treatment and can obtain the spectral information of the location of pixels, then are obtained by four groups of spectral informations
Obtain the spectral information on each stokes component of the pixel position.
The imaging method of the Hyperspectral imaging devices based on birefringent polarizing interference described in 13. claims 4, its feature
It is：Under the control of input voltage, the angle change of fast axle only has 0 ° and 45 ° of two states, two iron to ferroelectric liquid crystals
Electro-hydraulic crystalline substance combines and has four groups of forms of fast axle angle change；When imaging device carries out each step interferential scanning, often
Incident light is by four groups of tune of fast axle angle state when the fast axle Angulation changes of individual ferroelectric liquid crystals often walk interferential scanning twice, i.e.,
System；By obtaining four interference image sequences for corresponding to different fast axle angle combinations after interferential scanning, to each interference pattern
As each location of pixels in sequence, extract per the view data in two field picture same position successively, obtain one it is complete
Interference signal data, the interference signal data are carried out with spectrum recovering treatment can obtain the spectral information of the location of pixels,
The spectral information on each stokes component of the pixel position is obtained by four groups of spectral informations again.
The imaging method of the Hyperspectral imaging devices based on birefringent polarizing interference described in 14. claims 5, its feature
It is：Preposition image-forming objective lens (13) to focus image-forming objective lens, varifocal imaging object lens or microcobjective, from near-field target
Incident light by become after preposition image-forming objective lens (13), field stop (14) and collimator objective (15) collimation emergent light, visual field
Diaphragm (14) suppresses veiling glare for limiting the image planes shape and size of preposition image-forming objective lens (13).
The imaging method of the Hyperspectral imaging devices based on birefringent polarizing interference described in 15. claims 7, its feature
It is：Free space beam or optical fiber import light beam by after diffusion sheet (16), light beam produces the transmission of all directions, phase
When the homogenous diffused light source that is positioned over infinity is converted into light beam, these transmitted light beams are by after follow-up optical element
Interference is produced on detector (6) target surface；Using built-in interferential scanning mode, or single frames imaging mode is used, obtain light
The interference signal of beam；During using single frames imaging mode, the data composition interference signal data in extraction image on line direction,
The interference signal data are carried out obtain after spectrum recovering with the spectral information of light beam.
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