CN105674781A - Novel low temperature heat accumulator element - Google Patents
Novel low temperature heat accumulator element Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105674781A CN105674781A CN201610024934.8A CN201610024934A CN105674781A CN 105674781 A CN105674781 A CN 105674781A CN 201610024934 A CN201610024934 A CN 201610024934A CN 105674781 A CN105674781 A CN 105674781A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- heat
- heat storage
- low temperature
- alloy
- storage element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/0056—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using solid heat storage material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/08—Materials not undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/14—Solid materials, e.g. powdery or granular
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D2020/0004—Particular heat storage apparatus
- F28D2020/0026—Particular heat storage apparatus the heat storage material being enclosed in mobile containers for transporting thermal energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
Abstract
The invention discloses a novel low temperature alloy heat accumulator element. The heat accumulator comprises a heat accumulation container and a heat accumulation material. Fluorine-contained alkane polymers are adopted creatively as the material of the heat accumulation container, tin-lead alloy and other low-melting-point alloy serve as the heat accumulation material, the corrosion or reaction problem between the metal or alloy heat accumulation material and the material of the heat accumulation container is effectively solved, effective sealing of the heat accumulation material is achieved, and the problem that leakage affects the environment is prevented. Meanwhile, the advantages that as the heat accumulation material, the metal and alloy are large in latent heat of phase change, high in heat conductivity, good in heat stability and the like are fully played; and accordingly, the novel low temperature heat accumulator element is widely applied, and the application value is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of thermal energy storage, particularly relate to a kind of new type low temperature (0～250 DEG C) alloy heat storage element.
Background technology
The essence of material accumulation of heat is in that the heat of certain forms can be stored up by under given conditions, and can be discharged under given conditions and utilize, and therefore can realize energy supply and the conforming purpose of people's demand, and reach the effect saved energy and reduce the cost. This essence just, it is resolved that heat-storing material must have the feature that good reversibility, energy storage density are high, workable.
Dividing by heat storage type, heat-storing material generally can be divided into:
(1) sensible heat type: the heat-storing material of sensible heat type is when storing and discharge heat energy, and material self is the change of occurrence temperature, and other any changes do not occur. The advantage of this heat storage type is simple to operate, and cost is low, but when releasing energy, its temperature generation consecutive variations, can not keep constant temperature, therefore be unable to reach the purpose of temperature control, such material thermal storage density is relatively low, and container containing is bulky, and using value is not as high.
(2) latent heat type: latent heat type is to utilize heat-storing material phenomenon of neither endothermic nor exothermic when phase transformation, carry out thermal energy storage and temperature regulable control, it is big that this kind of material not only has volume thermal storage density, and have that equipment is simple, volume is little, flexible design, easy to use and the advantage such as be easily managed. It is in phase-transition heat-storage process, material proximate constant temperature, it is possible to this controls the temperature of system.
(3) chemical reaction type: chemical reaction type heat-storing material is to utilize reversible chemical reaction to carry out accumulation of heat by the conversion of heat energy and chemical energy. It is the storing mode of a kind of high-energy-density, but it exists that technical sophistication, one-time investment be big and the shortcoming such as whole efficiency is not high in use, thus limiting its development.
(4) adsorptive heat-storage type: adsorptive heat-storage is a kind of novel heat storage technology, and research is started late, is the storage and the conversion that utilize absorption working pair to carrying out heat in adsorption/desorption cyclic process with the heat effect occurred. Adsorptive heat-storage material is owing to having the advantage such as thermal storage density height, heat-accumulating process empty calory loss. And adsorptive heat-storage material non-toxic is pollution-free, it has also become a study hotspot, but owing to adsorptive heat-storage material is generally porous material, heat transfer character poor-performing, and adsorptive heat-storage is complex, after these problems need research further, could in industrial circle large-scale application.
In above a few class heat-storing materials, latent heat type is most rising, is also apply maximum and most important heat storage types at present, is the main flow of the research of current heat-storing material and application.
Material is liquid by solid state transformation, liquid state be gaseous state, or when being directly translated into gaseous state (distillation) by solid-state, then will discharge the heat of transformation, and this is the ultimate principle that latent heat storage uses. Latent heat storage is generally divided into 4 classes according to the mode of phase transformation: solid-solid phase-change, solid-liquid phase change, solid-gas phase transformation and liquid-gas phase transformation. During due to solid-gas phase transformation and liquid-gas phase-change material phase transformation, change in volume is too big, needs a lot of complex appts, although therefore they have very big latent heat of phase change, but be seldom used in actual applications during use. The latent heat of solid-solid phase change is little, and change in volume is also little, and its great advantage is not generate liquid phase after phase transformation, less demanding to container, and due to the advantage of this uniqueness, solid-solid phase change material is increasingly subject to people's attention, but is also in the exploratory stage at present. In sum, solid-liquid phase change is the emphasis of research in current heat-storing material.
Solid-liquid phase change material refers to that thing is become liquid phase from solid phase when temperature is higher than transformation temperature, absorbs heat, and thing is become solid phase, an exothermic class phase-change material from liquid phase again mutually upon a drop in temperature. By using temperature range classification, high-temperature heat accumulation material and low-temperature heat accumulating material can be divided into.
Low temperature (between 0～250 DEG C) phase-change heat storage technology is mainly used in storage of solar energy, industrial afterheat recovery, electronic device heat management and the warm air conditioning system of confession etc. Material for storing heat of phase change in low temperature mainly has two classes inorganic, organic. Inorganic phase-changing material mainly includes crystalline hydrate salt, alkali and metal or alloy. Crystalline hydrate salt be in, important kind in low temperature phase change energy-accumulating material, there is bigger heat of fusion and fixing fusing point. They have that use scope is wide, heat conductivity big, heat of fusion compared with big, storage heat density is big, phase transformation change in volume is little, it is neutral to be generally, toxicity is little and the advantage such as low price. But, this kind of material is usually present 2 problems, and one is surfusion, promotes material not undergo phase transition in time, causes crystalline temperature delayed, and nucleation rate reduces. Two is occur being separated, and leads lysogenic inhomogeneities, causes energy storage capacity to be gradually reduced. At present, a lot of researchs all solve these problems being devoted to, and make some progress.
Metal and Alloy has lot of advantages as latent-heat storage medium. Its latent heat of phase change is big, and heat conductivity is tens times or hundred times of other phase-changing energy storage materials, therefore can realize quick accumulation of heat, heat release, and the volume of corresponding thermal storage equipment is also little. But phase change materials has liquid phase to produce in phase transition process, has certain mobility, it is therefore necessary to have container to contain. Phase change materials must be inertia by container material, and container must seal, and to prevent leakage contribution environment, causes the injury to personnel. But metal or alloy heat-storing material is generally of strong corrosivity, or reacting with container so that be difficult to find suitable container material, this shortcoming has fettered metal application in practice to a great extent.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of new type low temperature (0～250 DEG C) alloy heat storage element. By the selection of reasonably heat storage container material and alloy heat-storing material innovatively, a kind of novel low-temperature alloy heat storage element of developmental research, realize its extensive use in low-temperature heat accumulating field with this.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions.
A kind of new type low temperature heat storage element, including heat storage container and heat-storing material, heat storage container seals and contains heat-storing material, and described heat-storing material is alloy, and described heat storage container adopts fluoropolymer to make. Fluorine-containing alkane polymer has excellent chemical stability, corrosion resistance, is one of decay resistance optimal material in the world today, except molten alkali metal, chlorine trifluoride, chlorine pentafluoride and liquid chlorine, resistant to other all chemical drugss. There is sealing and good ageing resistance, heatproof excellence simultaneously, can long-term work at the temperature of+250 DEG C to-180 DEG C, can use as a good heat storage container material, thus overcoming the corrosion between metal or alloy heat-storing material and heat storage container material or reaction problem.
Described heat-storing material is the one in pure tin, tin-lead alloy further. The fusing heat of above-mentioned metal and alloy is high, heat conductivity is big, the coefficient of expansion is low, can as preferred heat storage material.
The preferred tin-lead alloy of heat-storing material further. The fusing point of leypewter is 183～250 DEG C, and heat conductivity is 37～50W/m K, and the latent heat of fusion is 25～60kJ/kg, the coefficient of expansion is 29～40 μm/(mk).
In described tin-lead alloy, stannum, lead account for further: stannum 40～63%, and plumbous 37～60%. The fusing point of tin-lead alloy that Theil indices is 63%, lead content is 37% is 183 DEG C, the fusing point of tin-lead alloy that Theil indices is 40%, lead content is 60% is 250 DEG C, regulate stannum in tin-lead alloy, plumbous ratio, the melting temperature that can regulate alloy changes within the scope of 183 DEG C～250 DEG C, can meet different application requirements.
Described heat storage container adopts the one in politef, perfluoroethylene-propylene, soluble poly tetrafluoroethene further.
The profile of described new type low temperature heat storage element and the demand being suitable for working space match further. Arbitrary shape can be fabricated to, it is possible to be bar-like, tabular, spherical etc. according to different demands.
Described heat storage container encapsulating method adopts welding or the embedding and injection molding method of forming further. Welding is exactly the container that fluorine-containing alkane polymer is first made an opening, puts into wherein by alloy heat-storing material, around after fluorine-containing alkane polymer is made on the opening being welded on container in residue face; The embedding and injection molding method of forming is that fluorine-containing alkane polymer particle powder is first pressed into the container of an opening and surplus lap, the alloy heat-storing material of fitted vessel shape is put in container, building residue face, overall heating cools down and get final product after fluorine-containing alkane polymer particle powder sinters.
Beneficial effect: compared with prior art, it is an advantage of the current invention that:
1) have chosen fluorine-containing alkane polymer innovatively as heat storage container material, it is possible to efficiently solve the corrosion between alloy heat-storing material and heat storage container or reaction problem, efficiently solve the hermetically sealed problem of metal liquid during phase transformation.
2) choosing the low-melting alloy such as stannum, tin-lead alloy innovatively as heat-storing material, these few people in current research relate to, and expand the range of choice of heat-storing material. Develop a kind of novel accumulation of heat system, the problem that solution restriction metal or alloy use as heat-storing material, give full play to its latent heat of phase change big, the advantages such as thermal conductivity is high, Heat stability is good so that it is be used widely, it is achieved its using value.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The sectional view of the longitudinal section of Fig. 1 heat storage element;
The sectional view of the plane of structure of Fig. 2 heat storage element;
1.PTFE pipe in figure, 2. tin-lead alloy or pure tin, sealing in 3.PTFE pipe.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with example, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
A kind of new type low temperature heat storage element, choose politef (PTFE) pipe that diameter is 12mm, utilize two solder technology by Theil indices be 63%, lead content be 37% tin-lead alloy be encapsulated in politef (PTFE) pipe that length is 150mm, make a bar-shaped heat storage element.
Embodiment 2
A kind of new type low temperature heat storage element, perfluoroethylene-propylene (FEP) is adopted to make the box of the lateral opening that overall dimensions is 15 × 150 × 80mm, put into Theil indices be 40%, lead content be the tin-lead alloy of 60%, utilize solder technology to be welded on side on perfluoroethylene-propylene (FEP) box, make a tabular heat storage element.
Embodiment 3
A kind of new type low temperature heat storage element, adopts soluble poly tetrafluoroethene (PFA) powder to be pressed into the hollow hemispheric of two diameter 80mm, puts into pure tin, and overall heating is powder sintered to PFA, makes a spherical shape heat storage element after cooling.
The sealing of the heat storage container of this new type low temperature heat storage element is fine, stability at a certain temperature is also fine, ageing resistance is strong, can use for a long time,, the situation that alloy leaks will not be there is in the situation that heat storage container will not deform and material character changes when Reusability.
The heat-storing material of this new type low temperature heat storage element adopts the heat-storing materials such as the relatively low pure tin of melting temperature or tin-lead alloy, and its related data is compared with other heat-storing materials, as shown in the table:
The part thermal physical property parameter of table 1. heat-storing material
As shown in Table 1, compared with the heat-storing material such as hydration salt, molten salts and organic material paraffin, the heat conductivity of the heat-storing material of metal and alloy type is big, is tens or hundred times of other materials, therefore can realize quick accumulation of heat, heat release, and the volume of corresponding thermal storage equipment is also little.
Present invention above-described embodiment is illustrated, it will be appreciated that above-described embodiment does not limit the present invention in any form, and all employings are equal to replacement or the technical scheme that obtains of equivalent transformation mode, all fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a new type low temperature heat storage element, it is characterised in that include heat storage container and heat-storing material, heat storage container seals and contains heat-storing material, and described heat-storing material is alloy, and described heat storage container adopts fluorine-containing alkane polymer to make.
2. a kind of new type low temperature heat storage element according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described heat-storing material is the one in pure tin, tin-lead alloy.
3. a kind of new type low temperature heat storage element according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the preferred tin-lead alloy of described heat-storing material.
4. a kind of new type low temperature heat storage element according to claim 3, it is characterised in that in described tin-lead alloy, stannum, lead account for: stannum 40 ~ 63%, plumbous 37 ~ 60%.
5. a kind of new type low temperature heat storage element according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described heat storage container adopts the one in politef, perfluoroethylene-propylene, soluble poly tetrafluoroethene.
6. a kind of new type low temperature heat storage element according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the profile of described new type low temperature heat storage element and the demand being suitable for working space match.
7. a kind of new type low temperature heat storage element according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described heat storage container encapsulating method adopts welding or the embedding and injection molding method of forming.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610024934.8A CN105674781A (en) | 2016-01-14 | 2016-01-14 | Novel low temperature heat accumulator element |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610024934.8A CN105674781A (en) | 2016-01-14 | 2016-01-14 | Novel low temperature heat accumulator element |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105674781A true CN105674781A (en) | 2016-06-15 |
Family
ID=56300728
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610024934.8A Pending CN105674781A (en) | 2016-01-14 | 2016-01-14 | Novel low temperature heat accumulator element |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN105674781A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113295034A (en) * | 2018-02-16 | 2021-08-24 | 矢崎能源系统公司 | Latent heat accumulator |
Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1226592A (en) * | 1998-12-21 | 1999-08-25 | 中国科学院广州化学研究所 | Energy storing composite material by phase changing |
| JP2000205774A (en) * | 1999-01-13 | 2000-07-28 | Toshiba Corp | Capsulated heat storage apparatus |
| CN2670826Y (en) * | 2003-12-22 | 2005-01-12 | 清华大学 | Heat storable electric water heater |
| CN2864501Y (en) * | 2006-02-17 | 2007-01-31 | 刘秉衡 | Solar energy high temperature energy-reservation heater |
| CN201059901Y (en) * | 2007-07-20 | 2008-05-14 | 东南大学 | Phase-change energy storage ball |
| CN101267017A (en) * | 2008-03-21 | 2008-09-17 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 | A tube phase change memory unit structure and its making method |
| CN101588707A (en) * | 2008-05-19 | 2009-11-25 | 华为技术有限公司 | Heat abstractor and electric device using same |
| CN101674861A (en) * | 2007-05-09 | 2010-03-17 | 独立行政法人科学技术振兴机构 | Seal wire and support |
| CN103273062A (en) * | 2013-06-13 | 2013-09-04 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | High-temperature metal phase change heat storage material and preparation method |
| CN203629394U (en) * | 2013-07-24 | 2014-06-04 | 国电新能源技术研究院 | Novel metallic phase-transformation heat-storage type heat exchanger |
| CN106282734A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-01-04 | 杭州龙灿液态金属科技有限公司 | There is low melting point phase-change accumulation energy alloy, preparation technology and the application of high heat conductance |
-
2016
- 2016-01-14 CN CN201610024934.8A patent/CN105674781A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1226592A (en) * | 1998-12-21 | 1999-08-25 | 中国科学院广州化学研究所 | Energy storing composite material by phase changing |
| JP2000205774A (en) * | 1999-01-13 | 2000-07-28 | Toshiba Corp | Capsulated heat storage apparatus |
| CN2670826Y (en) * | 2003-12-22 | 2005-01-12 | 清华大学 | Heat storable electric water heater |
| CN2864501Y (en) * | 2006-02-17 | 2007-01-31 | 刘秉衡 | Solar energy high temperature energy-reservation heater |
| CN101674861A (en) * | 2007-05-09 | 2010-03-17 | 独立行政法人科学技术振兴机构 | Seal wire and support |
| CN201059901Y (en) * | 2007-07-20 | 2008-05-14 | 东南大学 | Phase-change energy storage ball |
| CN101267017A (en) * | 2008-03-21 | 2008-09-17 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 | A tube phase change memory unit structure and its making method |
| CN101588707A (en) * | 2008-05-19 | 2009-11-25 | 华为技术有限公司 | Heat abstractor and electric device using same |
| CN103273062A (en) * | 2013-06-13 | 2013-09-04 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | High-temperature metal phase change heat storage material and preparation method |
| CN203629394U (en) * | 2013-07-24 | 2014-06-04 | 国电新能源技术研究院 | Novel metallic phase-transformation heat-storage type heat exchanger |
| CN106282734A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-01-04 | 杭州龙灿液态金属科技有限公司 | There is low melting point phase-change accumulation energy alloy, preparation technology and the application of high heat conductance |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 王华等: "《高性能复合相变蓄热材料的制备与蓄热燃烧技术》", 30 April 2006, 冶金工业出版社 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113295034A (en) * | 2018-02-16 | 2021-08-24 | 矢崎能源系统公司 | Latent heat accumulator |
| CN113295034B (en) * | 2018-02-16 | 2022-09-20 | 矢崎能源系统公司 | Latent heat accumulator |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Zhang et al. | Latent heat thermal energy storage systems with solid–liquid phase change materials: a review | |
| Reddy et al. | Review of latent heat thermal energy storage for improved material stability and effective load management | |
| Salunkhe | Investigations on latent heat storage materials for solar water and space heating applications | |
| Senthil et al. | Enhancement of the thermal energy storage capacity of a parabolic dish concentrated solar receiver using phase change materials | |
| CN102777874B (en) | Phase change heat accumulation system for generating steam directly and preparation method of phase change heat accumulation agent | |
| CN101738120B (en) | Sensible heat-latent heat compound thermal storage device | |
| CN102967162B (en) | Heat storage pipe of internally provided with phase change material | |
| Sharma et al. | Solar water heating system with phase change materials | |
| Khan et al. | Progress in research and development of phase change materials for thermal energy storage in concentrated solar power | |
| Wang et al. | A review of eutectic salts as phase change energy storage materials in the context of concentrated solar power | |
| Ali et al. | Advances in thermal energy storage: Fundamentals and applications | |
| Bhatnagar et al. | Molten salts: Potential candidates for thermal energy storage applications | |
| CN106403677A (en) | Heat superconducting phase change energy storage heat exchanger | |
| Miled et al. | Improvement of the performance of metal hydride pump by using phase change heat exchanger | |
| Diaz | Analysis and comparison of different types of thermal energy storage systems: A review | |
| Ghaib | Latent heat storage: storage materials, heat transfer, and applications | |
| Raut et al. | A review on latent heat energy storage for solar thermal water-lithium bromide vapor absorption refrigeration system | |
| Man et al. | Review on the thermal property enhancement of inorganic salt hydrate phase change materials | |
| CN105674781A (en) | Novel low temperature heat accumulator element | |
| CN108865081A (en) | Purposes of the lauryl amine as phase-changing energy storage material | |
| CN203454872U (en) | Loop heat pipe with wick flow passage | |
| Shukla et al. | Latent Heat-Based Thermal Energy Storage Systems: Materials, Applications, and the Energy Market | |
| CN207778863U (en) | New type solar energy list tank phase-change heat storage absorption heat pump | |
| CN109181652A (en) | Purposes of the tetradecy lamine as phase-changing energy storage material | |
| CN105154022A (en) | Metal substrate highly heat-conducting heat storage material and preparation method therefor |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20160615 |
|
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |