CN105673686A - 一种直线运动引导装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种直线运动引导装置,属于移动导轨技术领域。它解决了现有的直线导轨补充润滑油困难的问题。本直线运动引导装置包括导轨和用于固定移动载体的移动块,移动块和导轨之间设有滚珠负载通道,移动块上设有滚珠返回通道,滚珠负载通道和滚珠返回通道首尾相接形成环形的循环通道,循环通道内设有若干尺寸相同的滚珠,滚珠随移动块的运动在循环通道内滚动前行,直线运动引导装置还包括有润滑油自动补充机构。本直线运动引导装置采用循环滚珠减少摩擦,并设置多种润滑油自动补充装置,对滚珠进行持续微量补充润滑油,从而实现了长时间的使用寿命以及长期运行而免维护。滚珠之间无相互摩擦,润滑油损耗降低。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于移动导轨技术领域,涉及一种直线运动引导装置。
背景技术
物体在直线运动过程中,通常需要借助引导装置沿预先设定的直线轨迹运动,引导装置通常包括至少一根导轨,物体直接设置在导轨上或是设置在过渡的移动块上,移动块带着物体沿导轨直线往复运动,或是物体独自沿导轨直线往复运动,直线导轨具有较高的额定负载,同时可以承担一定的扭矩,可在高负载的情况下实现高精度的直线运动,因此目前应用最广泛。
另外,物体与导轨之间或是移动块与导轨之间所产生的摩擦力的大小对于物体移动引导的能耗影响极大,按摩擦性质而定,直线运动导轨可以分为滑动摩擦导轨、滚动摩擦导轨、弹性摩擦导轨、流体摩擦导轨等种类,其中的滚动摩擦导轨从摩擦力大小、元件寿命和生产成本综合考虑具有较大的整体优势。
滚动摩擦导轨也与其他摩擦性质的导轨相同,会辅以润滑油润滑,以大幅度减小摩擦损耗,但是精密度越高的直线导轨拆装普遍较为繁琐,润滑油耗尽后很难予以补充,而滚动元件一旦长期工作而逐渐磨损后,不但摩擦力会变大,而且还会产生间隙,需要及时进行更换元件或是依靠自动补偿系统进行补偿,生产成本或后期维护成本均会提高,产品使用寿命无法得到保证。本公司针对上述现有技术的缺陷而致力于研究如何较为便捷地对产品持续补充润滑油,以延长产品的使用寿命,希望达到长期运行而免维护的目的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有的直线导轨等直线运动引导装置所存在的上述问题,而提出了一种具备润滑油持续补充功能的直线运动引导装置。
本发明的目的可通过下列技术方案来实现:
一种直线运动引导装置,包括导轨和用于固定移动载体的移动块,移动块设置在导轨上并能沿导轨来回运动,其特征在于,移动块和导轨之间设有滚珠负载通道,移动块上设有滚珠返回通道,滚珠负载通道和滚珠返回通道首尾相接形成环形的循环通道,循环通道内设有若干尺寸相同的滚珠,所述滚珠依次紧密排列环绕呈一循环链,位于滚珠负载通道内的滚珠负载着移动块的荷重,滚珠随移动块的运动在循环通道内滚动前行,所述的直线运动引导装置还包括有润滑油自动补充机构。
移动块与导轨之间通过滚珠减少摩擦,滚珠与导轨之间、滚珠与移动块之间均为点接触,接触点与对应的滚动面间的相对速度为0,它们之间的摩擦力是静摩擦力,接触点之间的相对运动趋势很小,所以这静摩擦力也很小,可以大大减小移动块平移滑动时的摩擦力。
在上述的一种直线运动引导装置中,所述润滑油自动补充机构包括设置在移动块上的贮油库,贮油库内存储有润滑油,贮油库与上述滚珠负载通道之间通过油道连通。
在上述的一种直线运动引导装置中,所述的油道内设有渗透块,渗透块采用多孔质金属制成。贮油库内的润滑油可通过渗透块的孔隙慢慢渗透进入滚珠负载通道内,对滚珠负载通道内的滚珠进行润滑。
在上述的一种直线运动引导装置中,所述的贮油库内设有弹簧和压片,所述的压片在弹簧的弹力作用下施压将贮油库内的润滑油压入上述油道。
在上述的一种直线运动引导装置中,所述的滚珠采用电子陶瓷制成。滚珠用电子陶瓷制作,硬度更好,更不易磨损,润滑油损耗低。
在上述的一种直线运动引导装置中,所述滚珠的内部孔隙中存储有润滑油。可以利用电子陶瓷内部多孔隙的特点,预先存储润滑油,滚珠在工作过程中,这些润滑油可以慢慢渗出,补充损耗的润滑油,确保装置处于低摩擦的工作状态。润滑油自动补充机构可以利用滚珠的材料特性进行补充。
在上述的一种直线运动引导装置中,所述的滚珠包括下列重量份数的成分:碳化硅50~70份,氧化硅9~15份,氧化铍1~3份、氧化铝7~13份、无水乙醇0.5~1份、氧化锆10~15和聚丙烯酸酯5~10份、造孔剂3~5份。
在上述的一种直线运动引导装置中,所述的造孔剂为棉线或天然纤维等长纤维。能制得具有贯穿通道结构的多孔陶瓷。
在上述的一种直线运动引导装置中,所述的造孔剂含有钠长石,上述造孔剂两端纳长石的含量要高于造孔剂中部纳长石的含量。钠长石多的部位孔径小,利用纳长石具有降低熔点的作用,使陶瓷更早地熔融,更早的填充其中的孔隙,形成两头出口细小,中部孔隙大易于储油。
在上述的一种直线运动引导装置中,所述的滚珠依序分成多组,上述润滑油自动补充机构包括设置在相邻两组滚珠之间的润滑球,润滑球内存贮有润滑油,并设有多个润滑孔洞。润滑球能释放润滑剂,对周边的滚珠补充润滑油。
在上述的一种直线运动引导装置中,所述润滑球的尺寸小于滚珠尺寸。润滑球尺寸较小,不承受移动块的荷重。
在上述的一种直线运动引导装置中,所述润滑球采用多孔质金属制成,上述润滑油存储于润滑球的内部孔隙中。
在上述的一种直线运动引导装置中,所述润滑球采用工程尼龙塑料或树脂材料制成。
在上述的一种直线运动引导装置中,所述的滚珠2-4个一组。
在上述的一种直线运动引导装置中,相邻两滚珠之间设有球保持器,球保持器的两端设有与对应侧的滚珠形状相匹配的球状凹面。设置球保持器后,滚珠之间无碰撞,降低了噪音,滚珠之间无相互摩擦,发热量低,从而实现了出色的高速性,滚珠被均匀间隔排列来进行循环,因此能保证顺畅运行。
在上述的一种直线运动引导装置中,所述的球保持器采用多孔质金属制成,其内部孔隙中存储有润滑油。
在上述的一种直线运动引导装置中,所述的球保持器内部设有储油腔室,球状凹面处设有与上述储油腔室连通的出油孔。
在上述的一种直线运动引导装置中,所述的储油腔室贯穿球保持器的两端。润滑油自动补充机构可以通过球保持器进行润滑油的补充,上述三种润滑油自动补充机构可单独使用或搭配使用。
与现有技术相比,本直线运动引导装置采用循环滚珠减少摩擦,并设置多种润滑油自动补充装置,对滚珠进行持续微量补充润滑油,从而实现了长时间的使用寿命以及长期运行而免维护。滚珠之间无相互摩擦,润滑油损耗降低。
附图说明
图1是本直线运动引导装置的结构示意图。
图2是移动块和导轨配合的剖视图。
图3是实施例1中球保持器和滚珠配合的剖视图。
图4是实施例2中球保持器与滚珠配合的剖视结构示意图。
图5是实施例3中滚珠与润滑球配合的结构示意图。
图中,1、导轨;2、移动块;3、本体;4、挡板;5、凸棱;6、内滚动轨道;7、外滚动轨道;8、滚珠负载通道;9、滚珠返回通道;10、滚珠;11、循环链;12、球保持器;13、球状凹面;14、贮油库;15、润滑油;16、油道;17、渗透块;18、弹簧;19、压片;20、储油腔室;21、润滑球。
具体实施方式
以下是本发明的具体实施例并结合附图,对本发明的技术方案作进一步的描述,但本发明并不限于这些实施例。
实施例1
如图1和图2所示,本直线运动引导装置包括导轨1和用于固定移动载体的移动块2,移动块2呈倒置的“U”形,扣在导轨1上,移动块2包括本体3和设置在本体3两端的挡板4,本体3与挡板4之间通过紧固件固连,所述导轨1的两侧均设有凸棱5,凸棱5的上、下侧沿导轨1延伸方向均设有内滚动轨道6,本体3的内侧设有多条与上述内滚动轨道6一一对应的外滚动轨道7,对应的内滚动轨道6和外滚动轨道7配合形成滚珠负载通道8,滚珠负载通道8的横截面呈圆形,移动载体通过紧固件固定在移动块2的上端面上。
移动块2的本体3上设有四条滚珠返回通道9,四条滚珠返回通道9与上述滚珠负载通道8一一对应,滚珠负载通道8和对应的滚珠返回通道9首尾两端通过过渡通道对接形成环形的循环通道,过渡通道设置在移动块2的挡板4上。
循环通道内设置了多个尺寸相同的滚珠10,滚珠10的形状和尺寸均与循环通道的横截面相同,滚珠10依次紧密排列环绕呈一循环链11。
如图3所示,相邻两滚珠10之间设有球保持器12,球保持器12的两端设有与对应侧的滚珠10形状相匹配的球状凹面13,球保持器12采用多孔质金属制成,其内部孔隙中存储有润滑油15。
移动块2沿导轨1直线运动时,滚珠负载通道8内的滚珠10负载着移动块2的荷重,并沿滚珠负载通道8滚动前进,降低移动块2与导轨1之间的摩擦,滚珠10运动到滚珠负载通道8的一端后,通过该端处过渡通道进入到滚珠返回通道9内,走完滚珠返回通道9后,再通过另一端的过渡通道重新进入滚珠负载通道8内,如此无限循环运动。滚珠10之间的球保持器12通过球状凹面13将滚珠10抱住,滚珠10不会不稳定地摇动,因此能保证顺畅运行。球保持器12内的润滑油15慢慢从孔隙中一点一点地渗出,对周边的滚珠10补充润滑油15,使本直线运动引导装置长期运行而免维护。球保持器12内的润滑油15可以通过先抽真空,再将球保持器12浸泡至润滑油15中的方式将润滑油15添入球保持器12的内部孔隙中,必要时可对润滑油15加压,加速渗透速度。
如图1和图2所示,移动块2的本体3和/或挡板4上设有多个贮油库14,贮油库14内存储有润滑油15,贮油库14与上述滚珠负载通道8和滚珠返回通道9之间通过油道16连通。优化方案下,每条滚珠负载通道8和滚珠返回通道9均至少对于一个贮油库14,贮油库14内的润滑油15可通过油道16流入对应的滚珠负载通道8和滚珠返回通道9内。
如图2所示,一部分贮油库14直接通过油道16向对应的滚珠负载通道8和滚珠返回通道9供油,另一部分贮油库14所连接的油道16内设有渗透块17,渗透块17采用多孔质金属制成,如此,润滑油15可通过渗透块17的孔隙慢慢渗透进入滚珠负载通道8内,对滚珠负载通道8内的滚珠10进行润滑,两种供油方式可以自由选配。必要时,还可以在贮油库14内设有弹簧18和压片19,压片19在弹簧18的弹力作用下施压将贮油库14内的润滑油15压入上述油道16,提高供油效果。每个贮油库14可以通过一条油道16进行供油,也可以多设置几条较细的油道16对同一滚珠负载通道8或滚珠返回通道9供油。
实施例2
如图4所示,本实施例中,球保持器12内部设有多组储油腔室20,球状凹面13处设有与上述储油腔室20连通的出油孔,储油腔室20较细,贯穿球保持器12两端。
实施例3
如图5所示,本实施例中,滚珠10之间无球保持器12,但滚珠10依序三个一组分成多组,相邻两组滚珠10之间设有润滑球21,所述润滑球21采用多孔质金属制成,上述润滑油15存储于润滑球21的内部孔隙中,所述润滑球21的尺寸小于滚珠10尺寸,润滑球21随滚珠10一同运转,并持续向外渗透出微量润滑油15。除多孔质金属之外,润滑球21还可以采用工程尼龙塑料或树脂材料制成。
实施例4
本实施例中,滚珠10之间既无球保持器12,也没有润滑球21,本实施例中的滚珠10采用电子陶瓷制成。滚珠10的材料包括下列重量份数的成分:碳化硅50份,氧化硅12份,氧化铍2份、氧化铝7份、无水乙醇0.6份、氧化锆12和聚丙烯酸酯10份、造孔剂3份。造孔剂选用棉线或天然纤维等长纤维,使烧结形成贯穿滚珠10的多孔通道结构。
并且造孔剂含有钠长石,造孔剂两端纳长石的含量要高于造孔剂中部纳长石的含量。钠长石多的部位孔径小,利用纳长石具有降低熔点的作用,使陶瓷更早地熔融,更早的填充其中的孔隙,形成两头出口细小,中部孔隙大易于储油。利用电子陶瓷内部多孔隙的特点,预先存储润滑油,滚珠10在工作过程中,这些润滑油15可以慢慢渗出,补充损耗的润滑油15,确保装置处于低摩擦的工作状态。
实施例5
本实施例中,滚珠10之间既无球保持器12,也没有润滑球21,本实施例中的滚珠10采用电子陶瓷制成。滚珠10的材料包括下列重量份数的成分:碳化硅60份,氧化硅15份,氧化铍3份、氧化铝7份、无水乙醇0.6份、氧化锆10份和聚丙烯酸酯5份、造孔剂4份。造孔剂选用棉线或天然纤维等长纤维,使烧结形成贯穿滚珠10的多孔通道结构。
实施例6
本实施例中,滚珠10之间既无球保持器12,也没有润滑球21,本实施例中的滚珠10采用电子陶瓷制成。滚珠10的材料包括下列重量份数的成分:碳化硅70份,氧化硅9份,氧化铍1份、氧化铝11份、无水乙醇1份、氧化锆15份和聚丙烯酸酯7份、造孔剂5份。造孔剂选用棉线或天然纤维等长纤维,使烧结形成贯穿滚珠10的多孔通道结构。
应该理解,在本发明的权利要求书、说明书中,所有“包括……”均应理解为开放式的含义,也就是其含义等同于“至少含有……”,而不应理解为封闭式的含义,即其含义不应该理解为“仅包含……”。
本文中所描述的具体实施例仅仅是对本发明精神作举例说明。本发明所属技术领域的技术人员可以对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代,但并不会偏离本发明的精神或者超越所附权利要求书所定义的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种直线运动引导装置,包括导轨(1)和用于固定移动载体的移动块(2),移动块(2)设置在导轨(1)上并能沿导轨(1)来回运动,其特征在于,移动块(2)和导轨(1)之间设有滚珠负载通道(8),移动块(2)上设有滚珠返回通道(9),滚珠负载通道(8)和滚珠返回通道(9)首尾相接形成环形的循环通道,循环通道内设有若干尺寸相同的滚珠(10),所述滚珠(10)依次紧密排列环绕呈一循环链(11),位于滚珠负载通道(8)内的滚珠(10)负载着移动块(2)的荷重,滚珠(10)随移动块(2)的运动在循环通道内滚动前行,所述的直线运动引导装置还包括有润滑油自动补充机构。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种直线运动引导装置,其特征在于,所述润滑油自动补充机构包括设置在移动块(2)上的贮油库(14),贮油库(14)内存储有润滑油(15),贮油库(14)与上述滚珠负载通道(8)之间通过油道(16)连通。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种直线运动引导装置,其特征在于,所述的油道(16)内设有渗透块(17),渗透块(17)采用多孔质金属制成。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的一种直线运动引导装置,其特征在于,所述的贮油库(14)内设有弹簧(18)和压片(19),所述的压片(19)在弹簧(18)的弹力作用下施压将贮油库(14)内的润滑油(15)压入上述油道(16)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种直线运动引导装置,其特征在于,所述的滚珠(10)采用电子陶瓷制成。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种直线运动引导装置,其特征在于,所述滚珠(10)的内部孔隙中存储有润滑油(15)。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的一种直线运动引导装置,其特征在于,所述的滚珠(10)包括下列重量份数的成分:碳化硅50~70份,氧化硅9~15份,氧化铍1~3份、氧化铝7~13份、无水乙醇0.5~1份、氧化锆10~15和聚丙烯酸酯5~10份、造孔剂3~5份。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种直线运动引导装置,其特征在于,所述的造孔剂为棉线或天然纤维等长纤维。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种直线运动引导装置,其特征在于,所述的造孔剂含有钠长石,上述造孔剂两端纳长石的含量要高于造孔剂中部纳长石的含量。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种直线运动引导装置,其特征在于,所述的滚珠(10)依序分成多组,相邻两组滚珠(10)之间设有润滑球(21),润滑球(21)内存贮有润滑油(15),并设有多个润滑孔洞。
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JP2000120707A (ja) * | 1998-10-21 | 2000-04-25 | Nsk Ltd | 転がり軸受 |
US6250804B1 (en) * | 1999-03-05 | 2001-06-26 | Hiwin Technologies Corp. | Self-lubricating linear guide apparatus |
CN101080580A (zh) * | 2004-12-17 | 2007-11-28 | Thk株式会社 | 运动引导装置以及运动引导装置的润滑方法 |
CN2781064Y (zh) * | 2005-03-29 | 2006-05-17 | 广东高新凯特精密机械有限公司 | 一种滚动直线导轨副装置 |
CN1840940A (zh) * | 2005-04-01 | 2006-10-04 | 上银科技股份有限公司 | 储油装置 |
JP2008089045A (ja) * | 2006-09-29 | 2008-04-17 | Thk Co Ltd | 運動案内装置 |
CN203532543U (zh) * | 2013-10-15 | 2014-04-09 | 青岛祥银传动设备有限公司 | 直线导轨滑块用上防尘及直线导轨滑块 |
CN205592278U (zh) * | 2016-03-17 | 2016-09-21 | 浙江非攻机械有限公司 | 一种直线运动引导装置 |
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CN115306824A (zh) * | 2021-04-02 | 2022-11-08 | Smc 株式会社 | 线性引导件 |
CN114427567B (zh) * | 2021-12-20 | 2023-07-14 | 浙江威肯特智能机械有限公司 | 一种低噪音直线导轨 |
CN114436180A (zh) * | 2022-02-20 | 2022-05-06 | 罗自岗 | 一种便于携带的电力施工用攀爬装置 |
CN115614385A (zh) * | 2022-10-26 | 2023-01-17 | 惠州深科达智能装备有限公司 | 滑块 |
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