CN105672992A - Method for achieving annulus pressure measurement in whole drilling process - Google Patents
Method for achieving annulus pressure measurement in whole drilling process Download PDFInfo
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- CN105672992A CN105672992A CN201610119069.5A CN201610119069A CN105672992A CN 105672992 A CN105672992 A CN 105672992A CN 201610119069 A CN201610119069 A CN 201610119069A CN 105672992 A CN105672992 A CN 105672992A
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- drill string
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for achieving annulus pressure measurement in the whole drilling process. According to the method, the parameter measuring function in the pump starting and stopping states is achieved, important data such as the maximum fluctuation pressure, the static and dynamic steady pressure and the changes of the pressure difference inside and outside the column in the drilling operation process is intelligently detected and timely uploaded to a ground system for comprehensive analysis, underground complicated conditions and accidents are prevented, the safe and quick drilling and completing operation is guided, and the operation risk and the drilling cost are reduced.
Description
Technical field
The divisional application of application for a patent for invention that the application is based on the applying date to be on May 29th, 2014, application number be 2014102329418, denomination of invention is " omnidistance annular pressure measuring method and device ". Refer to oil, natural gas is drilled a kind of omnidistance annular pressure measuring method and the device of well operations, bore hole annulus pressure for drilling well overall process detects in real time, to instruct safety to carry out wellbore construction, reduce operating risk, prevention down hole problem and accident, it is ensured that be drilled well operations safely and fast.
Background technology
The operations such as drillng operation includes making a trip, creeps into, makes up a joint, circulates, reaming, in drilling operation course, down-hole pressure changes to have many factors to cause, speed as up and down in drill string, start-stop pump operation, displacement variation, drill string rotating speed, rate of penetration, hole cleaning situation, bore hole annulus physical dimension, well track, drilling fluid rheology performance, landwaste size and density etc. In engineering practice, avoid causing down-hole pressure fluctuation beyond allowed band because operation and construction parameter are improper, prevent the down hole problem and the accident that thus cause, bottom pressure as quickly made a trip the suction caused and surge pressure, termination of pumping cause quickly reduces, and the pressure oscillation that turn on pump and reaming cause.
In extended reach well drilling operation, due to hold angle segment length, and hole angle is big, and along with the increase of drill footage, annular space increases along journey stream dynamic pressure consumption, and vertical depth increases slowly, thus causing that drilling fluid equivalent circulating density (ECD) increases substantially; There is serious eccentric annulus and spiral flow and hole cleaning outstanding problem in extended reach well simultaneously, it is easy to causes ECD to exceed permissible value. In addition, in high temperature high pressure deep well, marine deepwater drilling, slimhole drilling, the narrow Density Window drilling well of bad ground, and under-balance drilling operation is required for accurately monitoring drilling well overall process annular pressure and situation of change in real time, upload significant data, guiding construction decision-making and safety in time and be drilled well operations; Also being beneficial to drilling well postmortem analysis, formulating for later Drilling Design and construction parameter provides reference.
Overall process is monitored drilling well annular pressure data volume big, current MWD/LWD message transmission rate is also very low, therefore omnidistance annular pressure monitoring requirements both can have been met in the urgent need to one, Intelligent Measurement is needed again to go out the important parameters such as suction, surge pressure, and a kind of omnidistance annular pressure measuring method in good time uploaded and device, provide for safety drilling construction operation and instruct.
Summary of the invention
Given this, in order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, it is an object of the invention to provide and relate to the technical scheme that drilling well overall process annular pressure is measured, realization is opened, parameter measurement function under termination of pumping state, the significant datas such as the maximum fluctuation pressure in Intelligent Measurement drilling operation course, quiet dynamic stability pressure and post inside and outside differential pressure change, and upload ground system for comprehensive analysis, prevention down hole problem and accident in good time, instruct and be drilled well operations safely and fast, reduce operating risk and drilling cost.
Concrete, present invention employs a kind of annular pressure measurement apparatus for realizing drilling well overall process, including PWD (PressureWhileDrilling) instrument, the continuous power supply unit of instrument, the detection of start-stop pump judges parts, and MWD (MeasurementWhileDrilling) data communication instrument, equipped with in post and annular pressure sensor on described PWD instrument, for measuring the drilling fluid fluid pressure inside and outside drill string, monitoring circulation of drilling fluid state and bit pressuredrop, described PWD is also equipped with axial acceleration sensor, distance is moved axially for detecting drill string axially-movable situation and calculating drill string, when sitting the time-out drill string up and down motions such as card at stacks, annular pressure sensor measurement drill string axial static is utilized to stop annular pressure, when making a trip, when the drillstring motion such as creeping into, measure annular pressure, axial acceleration sensor is utilized to calculate drill string relative movement distance in close twice drill string axially displacement of static and drill string up and down motion process, corresponding drillstring motion annular pressure, according to above-mentioned information, calculate static annular pressure corresponding to drill string up and down motion position and annular pressure fluctuation produced by drill string moves up and down, and obtain maximum loop pneumatics fluctuation.
The continuous power supply unit of described instrument includes battery and turbogenerator, make a trip etc. stop circulation of drilling fluid time, downhole tool adopts battery to power, and is powered by turbogenerator during circulating fluid.
The detection of described start-stop pump judges that parts monitor described annular pressure and change procedure thereof in real time, record maximum turn on pump annular pressure point, maximum turn on pump annular pressure, measure in real time in drilling process pressure in annular space and post, monitoring bit pressuredrop and annular circulation pressure consumption situation of change, judge bit pressuredrop (in post the difference of pressure and annular pressure), whether annular circulation pressure consumption (annular pressure when turn on pump and termination of pumping is poor) offsets normal trend, and upload to ground system by MWD data communication instrument, and, monitoring termination of pumping process annular pressure and change thereof in real time, the record minimum annular pressure of termination of pumping and stable annular pressure, ground system is uploaded to by MWD data communication instrument after turn on pump.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a kind of annular pressure measuring method for realizing drilling well overall process, it is characterized in that, utilize on PWD instrument equipped with post in and annular pressure sensor, measure the drilling fluid fluid pressure inside and outside drill string, monitoring circulation of drilling fluid state and bit pressuredrop, utilize on PWD equipped with axial acceleration sensor, detection drill string axially-movable situation and calculating drill string move axially distance, and, when sitting the time-out drill string up and down motions such as card at stacks, annular pressure sensor measurement drill string axial static is utilized to stop annular pressure, when making a trip, when the drillstring motion such as creeping into, measure annular pressure, axial acceleration sensor is utilized to calculate drill string relative movement distance in close twice drill string axially displacement of static and drill string up and down motion process, corresponding drillstring motion annular pressure, then, according to above-mentioned information, calculate static annular pressure corresponding to drill string up and down motion position and annular pressure fluctuation produced by drill string moves up and down, and obtain maximum loop pneumatics fluctuation.
Make a trip etc. stop circulation of drilling fluid time, adopt battery that downhole tool is powered, powered by turbogenerator during circulating fluid, and select the down-hole pressure monitoring important parameter uploaded when stopping circulation of drilling fluid and circulation according to drilling condition, thus realizing the monitoring of drilling well overall process annular pressure.
The present invention additionally uses a kind of for measuring the method that drill string is axially static and moves, utilize axial acceleration sensor measurement axial acceleration, drill string axially-movable speed and acceleration is obtained by filtering, and then judge whether drill string remains static, and, calculate drill string and move axially distance, thus realizing the measurement that drill string is axially static and moves.
The present invention additionally uses the method producing suction ring pneumatics fluctuation for measuring drill string to move up and down, including, measure drill string axially static and motion time annular pressure step, calculate drill string and move axially annular pressure fluctuation and the maximum loop pneumatics fluctuation step of distance and corresponding static pressure and motion generation, wherein, utilize on PWD equipped with axial acceleration sensor, detection drill string axially-movable situation and calculating drill string move axially distance, and, when sitting the time-out drill string up and down motions such as card at stacks, annular pressure sensor measurement drill string axial static is utilized to stop annular pressure, when making a trip, when the drillstring motion such as creeping into, measure annular pressure, axial acceleration sensor is utilized to calculate drill string relative movement distance in close twice drill string axially displacement of static and drill string up and down motion process, corresponding drillstring motion annular pressure, then, according to above-mentioned information, calculate static annular pressure corresponding to drill string up and down motion position and annular pressure fluctuation produced by drill string moves up and down, and obtain maximum loop pneumatics fluctuation.
The present invention additionally uses a kind of maximum turn on pump annular pressure monitoring method, including the judgement step of turn on pump process, and maximum annular pressure detecting step, wherein, when turn on pump circulates, discharge capacity is changed from small to big to stable, and drilling fluid is from static to flowing, this process produces annular pressure fluctuation, and there is a maximum loop pneumatics force, monitor described annular pressure and change procedure thereof in real time, record maximum turn on pump annular pressure point, maximum turn on pump annular pressure, thus realizing maximum turn on pump annular pressure is monitored.
The present invention additionally uses one and normally creeps into pressure measurement method in annular space and post, consumption situation of change monitoring step is pressed including bit pressuredrop and annular circulation, and automatically select important change data upload step, wherein, measure in real time in drilling process pressure in annular space and post, monitoring bit pressuredrop and annular circulation pressure consumption situation of change, judge whether bit pressuredrop (in post pressure and the difference of annular pressure), annular circulation pressure consumption (annular pressure when turn on pump and termination of pumping is poor) offset normal trend, and upload to ground system.
The present invention additionally uses a kind of termination of pumping annular pressure monitoring method, including judgement step and the down-hole termination of pumping annular pressure of termination of pumping process and stablize annular pressure detecting step, wherein, monitoring termination of pumping process annular pressure and change thereof in real time, the record minimum annular pressure of termination of pumping and stable annular pressure, upload to ground system after turn on pump.
In the present invention, downhole tool basic configuration includes: positive pulse generator, turbogenerator, driving pipe nipple, battery sleeve pipe nipple, position finder pipe nipple, lower data connector, upper data connector, battery and circuit, axial motion transducer, data readback interface, annular pressure sensor, post pressure sensor etc.
In the present invention, equipped with in post and annular pressure sensor on PWD (PressureWhileDrilling) instrument, for measuring drilling fluid fluid pressure inside and outside drill string, monitoring circulation of drilling fluid state and bit pressuredrop, PWD is also equipped with axial acceleration sensor, is used for detecting drill string axially-movable situation and calculating drill string moving axially distance.When stacks sits the time-out drill string up and down motions such as card, annular pressure sensor measurement drill string axial static is utilized to stop annular pressure; When make a trip, creep into etc. drillstring motion time, measure annular pressure; Axial acceleration sensor is utilized to calculate drill string relative movement distance in close twice drill string axially displacement of static and drill string up and down motion process, corresponding drillstring motion annular pressure, according to above-mentioned information, calculate static annular pressure corresponding to drill string up and down motion position and annular pressure fluctuation produced by drill string moves up and down, and obtain maximum loop pneumatics fluctuation.
Make a trip etc. stop circulation of drilling fluid time, downhole tool adopts battery to power, powered by turbogenerator during circulating fluid, and the down-hole pressure monitoring important parameter uploaded when stopping circulation of drilling fluid and circulation is selected according to drilling condition, thus realizing the monitoring of drilling well overall process annular pressure, provide foundation for drillng operation, guarantee that pressure oscillation is in security window, avoid the occurrence of down hole problem and accident, reduce drillng operation risk, quickly bore smoothly and reach target zone.
The effect of invention
In drilling process, make a trip, the operation such as start-stop pump is fluctuated easily caused by down-hole pressure, when range of pressure fluctuations exceedes permissible value, easily causes well kick, leakage and cave-in down hole problem, even results in the down-hole accident such as blowout and bit freezing. Solution is measured according to overall process downhole annulus pressure provided by the invention, can effectively monitor downhole annulus pressure and fluctuation situation thereof, and upload the important down-hole pressure parameter monitored according to working condition in good time, for drillng operation workmen's specification drill-well operation and determine rational drilling parameter provide instruct, avoid down hole problem and accident, instruct better and be drilled well operations safely and fast, reduce the purpose of operating risk and drilling cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that annular pressure measures system schematic.
Fig. 2 is annular pressure measuring method flow chart.
Detailed description of the invention
Below with reference to the accompanying drawings embodiment of the present invention is described in detail so that the present invention will be described.
Fig. 1 is that annular pressure measures system schematic.
As it is shown in figure 1, downhole tool basic configuration includes: positive pulse generator 1, turbogenerator 2, driving pipe nipple 3, battery sleeve pipe nipple 4, position finder pipe nipple 5, lower data connector 6, upper data connector 7, battery and circuit 8, axial motion transducer 9, data readback interface 10, annular pressure sensor 11, post pressure sensor 12 etc.
In order to realize measuring PWD (PressureWhileDrilling) with boring annular pressure, equipped with in post and annular pressure sensor on PWD instrument, for measuring drilling fluid fluid pressure inside and outside drill string, monitoring circulation of drilling fluid state and bit pressuredrop; PWD is also equipped with axial acceleration sensor, is used for detecting drill string axially-movable situation and calculating drill string moving axially distance. When stacks sits the time-out drill string up and down motions such as card, annular pressure sensor measurement drill string axial static is utilized to stop annular pressure Pas; When make a trip, creep into etc. drillstring motion time, measure annular pressure Pam; Axial acceleration sensor is utilized to calculate drill string relative movement distance Δ L in close twice drill string axially displacement Δ L of static and drill string up and down motion processi, corresponding drillstring motion annular pressure Pami; According to above-mentioned information, calculate the static annular pressure P that drill string up and down motion position is correspondingaiAnd due to the produced annular pressure fluctuation Δ P of drill string up and down motionai, and obtain maximum loop pneumatics fluctuation Δ PaMax。
Make a trip etc. stop circulation of drilling fluid time, downhole tool adopts battery to power, powered by turbogenerator during circulating fluid, and the down-hole pressure monitoring important parameter uploaded when stopping circulation of drilling fluid and circulation is selected according to drilling condition, thus realizing the monitoring of drilling well overall process annular pressure, provide foundation for drillng operation, guarantee that pressure oscillation is in security window, avoid the occurrence of down hole problem and accident, reduce drillng operation risk, quickly bore smoothly and reach target zone.
Fig. 2 is annular pressure measuring method flow chart.
As in figure 2 it is shown, measuring method of the present invention and step are as follows:
1. ground arranges PWD running parameter, including instrument start-up time delay, pressure and axial acceleration sampling time.
PWD start-up time delay is according to preparation time, running speed before lower brill and starts to fathom and determines.
The force samples time is according to PWD underground work time, memory size and monitoring pressure requirements is considered. The usual sampling interval is 1～60 second/point. In order to monitor rapid pressure fluctuations situation, typical case's sampling interval is 1 second/point.
The axial acceleration sampling interval is 0.001～0.1 second/point.
2. measure pressure, axial acceleration and temperature parameter, downhole stored measurement result in annular pressure, post.
3. pair measurement to axial acceleration be filtered, obtain drill string axially-movable acceleration ax。
4. utilize axially-movable acceleration axAnd the persistent period judges whether drilling tool axially remains static.
If | ax|<(ε is the static acceleration judgment threshold of drilling tool to ε, such as 0.001g or 0.01g), and persistent period t>=τ (τ is drilling tool judgment threshold quiescent time, such as 15 seconds), then judge that drill string is in axial resting state (as make a trip connect column and drilling well makes up a joint drilling tool in process when sitting card); Once | ax| >=10 ε, then judge drill string initially axially move (as connect finishing drilling tool after lifting up transfer operation).
5. ask drill string axially-movable speed and distance.
Utilize acceleration of motion axOne time integration can try to achieve axially-movable speed vx, but the acceleration of motion signal a that actual measurement is arrivedmIn always comprise error signal ae(for DC error signal and noise interferences sum), i.e. am=ax+ae. So, actual integration result is shown in formula (1), and wherein vx is the axially-movable speed actual signal wishing to obtain, and veFor the axially-movable speed error signal that hope is removed.
The axially-movable rate signal integration again formula (1) obtained can try to achieve axial displacement signal lm, as shown in formula (2), comprise axially-movable displacement error signal l equallye。
If can not effectively remove once with the error signal in quadratic integral, will be unable to accurately obtain the displacement Δ L between two relative drill string rest points. The method that time domain, frequency domain or time-domain and frequency-domain combines can be adopted to eliminate error signal.
6. calculate the annular pressure fluctuation that drill string axially-movable produces.
If it is P that drill string moves the annular pressure recordedami, its corresponding displacement and axial static stop annular pressure respectively Δ LiAnd Pasi, when drill string is again at axial resting state (Rule of judgment with 4), relative last time, total displacement of axial static stop was Δ L, last time and the axial static measurement ring pneumatics power respectively P of this drill stringas1、Pas2。
Drill string axial static stops annular pressure
The annular pressure fluctuation that axially-movable causes is
ΔPai=Pami-Pasi(4)
7. seek maximum loop pneumatics fluctuation point and upload to ground system.
By point-by-point comparison, obtain maximum loop pneumatics fluctuation point, upload maximum loop pneumatics fluctuation value when turn on pump.
8. monitor maximum turn on pump annular pressure PaOnMax, and upload to ground system.
During turn on pump circulation, discharge capacity is changed from small to big to stable, and drilling fluid is from static to flowing, destroy drilling fluid gelation gradually, this process will produce annular pressure fluctuation, and there is a maximum loop pneumatics force, and it is relevant with turn on pump speed, displacement size and property of drilling fluid.
Monitoring annular pressure and change procedure thereof, record maximum turn on pump annular pressure point, and upload to ground system, it is prevented that turn on pump is too quickly and produces big annular pressure in real time, causes down hole problem and accident.
9., in drilling process, measure pressure in annular space and post, monitoring bit pressuredrop and annular circulation pressure consumption situation of change in real time, automatically select important change data and upload.
When normally creeping into, discharge capacity is relatively stable, and common mechanical drilling speed is not high, annular space and in post pressure change relatively slow, measure pressure in annular space and post, interval transmission monitoring pressure data in real time.
When bit pressuredrop (in post pressure and the difference of annular pressure), annular circulation pressure consumption (annular pressure when turn on pump and termination of pumping is poor) skew normal trend, upload data to ground in time, judgement underground working is analyzed for wellbore construction personnel, combined ground compound logging data carry out decision analysis, take resolute measure, prevent down hole problem. Such as bit balling, falling hydrophthalmia, drill stem washout, formation fluid intrusion and drilling fluid leakage etc., they can cause underground survey pressure significant change.
10. monitoring termination of pumping process annular pressure and change thereof in real time, records the minimum annular pressure P of termination of pumpingaOffMinWith stable annular pressure PaOffStab, upload to ground system after turn on pump, control for down-hole pressure and wellbore hydraulics calculates and provides foundation.
As can be seen here, solution is measured according to drilling well overall process annular pressure provided by the invention, can effectively monitor make a trip, start-stop pump process, normally creep into, the annular pressure of reaming and the process that makes up a joint and fluctuation situation thereof, and automatically select important pressure parameter and upload in good time, analyze for drillng operation personnel judge down-hole situation, instruct drillng operation operation and down-hole pressure control provide foundation, prevention down hole problem and accident, it is ensured that carry out safely and fast being drilled well operations.
Although the present invention being described in detail with embodiment above by reference to accompanying drawing, but, they are merely an illustrative, those skilled in the art are fully able to according to present invention teach that and it being made various forms of replacement or change, under the premise without departing from present inventive concept and spirit, every various changes that the present invention is made and modification are accordingly to be regarded as the content that the present invention contains, and each fall within scope of the following claims.
Claims (1)
1. the annular pressure measuring method being used for realizing drilling well overall process, it is characterized in that, utilize on PWD instrument equipped with post in and annular pressure sensor, measure the drilling fluid fluid pressure inside and outside drill string, monitoring circulation of drilling fluid state and bit pressuredrop, utilize on PWD equipped with axial acceleration sensor, detection drill string axially-movable situation and calculating drill string move axially distance, and, when sitting the time-out drill string up and down motions such as card at stacks, annular pressure sensor measurement drill string axial static is utilized to stop annular pressure, when making a trip, when the drillstring motion such as creeping into, measure annular pressure, axial acceleration sensor is utilized to calculate drill string relative movement distance in close twice drill string axially displacement of static and drill string up and down motion process, corresponding drillstring motion annular pressure, then, according to above-mentioned information, calculate static annular pressure corresponding to drill string up and down motion position and annular pressure fluctuation produced by drill string moves up and down, and obtain maximum loop pneumatics fluctuation,
Make a trip etc. stop circulation of drilling fluid time, adopt battery that downhole tool is powered, circulating fluid is powered by turbogenerator, and selects the down-hole pressure monitoring important parameter uploaded when stopping circulation of drilling fluid and circulation according to drilling condition, thus realizing the monitoring of drilling well overall process annular pressure.
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| CN201610119069.5A CN105672992A (en) | 2014-05-29 | 2014-05-29 | Method for achieving annulus pressure measurement in whole drilling process |
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| CN201610119069.5A CN105672992A (en) | 2014-05-29 | 2014-05-29 | Method for achieving annulus pressure measurement in whole drilling process |
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| CN201410232941.8A Division CN103982175B (en) | 2014-05-29 | 2014-05-29 | Omnidistance annular pressure measuring method and device |
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| CN106194162A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2016-12-07 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Gas cut monitoring device based on annulus pressure measurement while drilling and monitoring method |
| CN109707336A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-05-03 | 长江大学 | A kind of pressure control cementing method based on annular sucking pump |
| CN110222352A (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2019-09-10 | 中国石油集团长城钻探工程有限公司录井公司 | A kind of annular pressure monitoring method for preventing sand setting bit freezing |
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| CN109707336A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-05-03 | 长江大学 | A kind of pressure control cementing method based on annular sucking pump |
| CN110222352A (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2019-09-10 | 中国石油集团长城钻探工程有限公司录井公司 | A kind of annular pressure monitoring method for preventing sand setting bit freezing |
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