CN105670807A - Method for preparing biodiesel by using Jatropha carcas as raw material - Google Patents

Method for preparing biodiesel by using Jatropha carcas as raw material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105670807A
CN105670807A CN201610027451.3A CN201610027451A CN105670807A CN 105670807 A CN105670807 A CN 105670807A CN 201610027451 A CN201610027451 A CN 201610027451A CN 105670807 A CN105670807 A CN 105670807A
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Prior art keywords
biofuel
oil
catalyst
jatropha
carcas
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梁杰锋
杨云
蒋小平
李建华
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Guangxi Kuonengba Energy Technology Development Co Ltd
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Guangxi Kuonengba Energy Technology Development Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201610027451.3A priority Critical patent/CN105670807A/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11CFATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
    • C11C3/00Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
    • C11C3/04Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fats or fatty oils
    • C11C3/10Ester interchange
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11BPRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B1/00Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
    • C11B1/02Pretreatment
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11BPRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B3/00Refining fats or fatty oils
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2200/00Components of fuel compositions
    • C10L2200/04Organic compounds
    • C10L2200/0461Fractions defined by their origin
    • C10L2200/0469Renewables or materials of biological origin
    • C10L2200/0476Biodiesel, i.e. defined lower alkyl esters of fatty acids first generation biodiesel
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing biodiesel by using Jatropha carcas as a raw material. The method comprises the following steps: a silica gel adsorbent whose weight ratio is 1.0-2.0% is added into Jatropha carcas oil for pretreatment, and pure Jatropha carcas oil is obtained; the pure Jatropha carcas oil, methanol, and a magnetic nano-catalyst are added into a reaction vessel according to a weight ratio 100:25-35:0.5-1.0, and an esterification reaction is carried out; and a biodiesel crude product is separated and purified in order to obtain the biodiesel. The magnetic nano-catalyst is introduced into the esterification reaction with high catalysis efficiency and substantial catalysis effects, so that reaction time is shortened, and yield of biodiesel is increased; on the other hand, the magnetic nano-catalyst can be conveniently and rapidly separated and recycled by means of an exterior magnetic field, and multitime cycle and utilization are carried out. The method also has the advantages of simple preparation technology, energy saving, environmental protection, short reaction time, high yield, high product purity, etc.; the method has good social efficiency, ecological benefits, and economic benefits.

Description

A kind of take Cortex jatrophae as the method that biofuel prepared by raw material
Technical field
The present invention relates to biomass energy technology field, especially a kind of take Cortex jatrophae as the method that biofuel prepared by raw material.
Background technology
It is day by day outstanding that current global demand of petroleum constantly increases the contradiction gradually exhausted with fossil energy order; energy resource supply situation is more and more nervous; world market crude oil price continues to sharp rise; the diversification of the energy, renewableization and cleaningization have become the inevitable choice of human social development; exploitation biomass energy is one of direction solving global energy crisis, and the biofuel as novel substitute energy is rapid in countries in the world development. Biofuel refers to the reproducibility diesel oil fuel of the replaced petrifaction diesel made by transesterify or thermochemical processes for stock oil with oil crops such as soybean, rape, cotton, palm etc., the waterplant grease such as Wild oil plant and engineering microalgae and animal grease, food garbage oil etc.
Biofuel has the performance advantage of following uniqueness: (1) bioenergy is renewable performance: as renewable energy source, different from prospective oil, it is obtained by agricultural and Biological resources, can supply can not be exhausted, and the biological degradability of biofuel is higher than conventional diesel oil, biological degradation can be realized under natural situation, reduce the pollution to environment for human survival. (2) there is excellent environmental protection characteristic: be mainly manifested in owing in biofuel, sulphur content is low so that the discharge of sulfurous gas and sulfide is low; Not containing the aromatic series alkane that can be polluted by environment in biofuel, thus human body is damaged lower than diesel oil by waste gas. (3) good lubricity, makes the abrasion of oil injection pump, engine cylinder-body and connecting rod reduce, it may also be useful to the life-span is long. (4) good fuel performance: biofuel cetane value height so that it is incendivity is better than diesel oil, combustion residue is that subacidity makes extend the work-ing life of catalyzer and engine motor oil. (5) raw material sources preparing biofuel are more extensive: comprise oil crops, Wild oil plant and alga plant grease and animal grease can as raw material, it is even possible that utilize the waste oil in catering trade, sewer oil as raw material, it is possible to accomplish the advantages such as the object that recovery rubbish is turned waste into wealth.
China is the relatively poor countries of petroleum resources; but woody oleiferous plants resource and abundant; along with the research to energy woody oleiferous plants crop, the deepening continuously of development and utilization; biomass energy is huge in China's development potentiality; development woody oleiferous plants biofuel industry is not only conducive to solving oil replacement, ecological environmental protection and agriculture, rural areas and farmers problem, also can be as China's forestry industry brings new development opportunity.Cortex jatrophae (Classification system: JatrophacarcasL.), Jatropha, another name: lamb paulownia, tar paulownia, yellow swollen tree, Jatropha curcus, false white olive, artificial flower are the distinctive woody oil tree species of China, and Cortex jatrophae is mainly distributed in the provinces and regions such as Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, originate in America, the torrid zone and it mostly is cultivation, it is born in level land, in roadside and shrubbery, Cortex jatrophae fruit oil length is up to 60%, can carry and practise not containing sulphur, pollution-free, meet the biofuel of Ou Si emission standard, it is the green energy resource seeds of China's focus development, utilize wasteland, deserted mountain plantation Cortex jatrophae, therefore, development potentiality as biodiesel raw material is very big, Cortex jatrophae is utilized to prepare the main method of biofuel for ester-interchange method at present, but it is low mostly to there is catalytic efficiency in traditional ester-interchange method, output is low, color and luster is dark, easily rotten, long reaction time, etching apparatus, complex process, temperature of reaction height, energy consumption is bigger, easily cause secondary pollution and by product loss, the shortcomings such as cost is higher.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to tradition ester-interchange method production biofuel Problems existing, it is provided that a kind of take Cortex jatrophae as the method that biofuel prepared by raw material. The present invention take magnetic nano solid acid as catalyzer, not only not etching apparatus, moreover it is possible to improve catalytic efficiency significantly, can Reaction time shorten and reduce energy consumption etc.
For realizing above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Take Cortex jatrophae as the method that biofuel prepared by raw material, comprise the following steps:
1. raw materials pretreatment: the silica gel absorber adding weight ratio 1.0-2.0% in jatropha curcas oil, stirs 15-25min under rotating speed is 120-150r/min, can obtain pure jatropha curcas oil;
2. esterification: be that 100:25-35:0.5-1.0 adds in reactor taking weight ratio by pure jatropha curcas oil, methyl alcohol and magnetic nano-catalyst, temperature be 50-60 DEG C, under stirring velocity is 120-200r/min, carry out esterification 25-35min, obtain esterification products;
3. separating bio diesel oil crude product: by esterification products centrifugal 20-25min under rotating speed is 500-800r/min, after leaving standstill precipitation, is separated upper liquid with subnatant, and upper liquid is biofuel crude product, and lower floor is glycerine;
4. purification biofuel: biofuel crude product obtained above is added to agitator, add with the mixed adsorbent of wilkinite and polyvinyl lactam composition again, its add-on is the 2.0-4.0% of biofuel crude product weight, under rotating speed 100-120r/min, stir 8-12min, biodiesel oil product can be obtained.
The above magnetic nano-catalyst comprises B2O3-Fe3O4、ZrO2-Fe3O4And Al2O3-Fe3O4
The mixed adsorbent of the above wilkinite and polyvinyl lactam composition is made up of 30-40% Magnesium Silicate q-agent and 60-70% polyvinyl lactam.
Compared with prior art, the advantage of the present invention and useful effect:
1, the present invention utilizes renewable resources Cortex jatrophae to prepare biofuel, can effectively solve current global energy crisis and problem of environmental pollution, the biofuel of preparation not only quality obtain bigger raising, product rate is also promoted to about 90% from existing 60-70%.
2, magnetic nano-catalyst is incorporated in the production of biofuel by the present invention, wherein magnetic nano-catalyst has the features such as reaction interface is big, surface-area is big, resistance to mass transfer is little, reaction conditions is gentle, activity is high, activity stability is good, catalytic efficiency height, catalytic effect are remarkable in the esterification reaction to make it, thus the product rate of Reaction time shorten and raising biofuel.Magnetic nano-catalyst can facilitate according to external magnetic field on the other hand, it is isolated fast, reclaims, can recycled for multiple times, overcome that non magnetic nanocatalyst difficulty reclaims, shortcoming that cost is high, to alleviation environmental pollution, improve enterprise's production benefit, realize resources circulation and efficiently utilize significant.
3, the present invention adopts absorption method purification biofuel, simple to operate, cost is low, can effectively solve that power consumption is big and " three wastes " emission problem; Select the mixture of wilkinite and polyvinyl lactam composition as sorbent material, it is possible not only to adsorb very well the impurity such as the free acid of biofuel, methyl alcohol, glycerine, glyceride, also there is good dehydrating effect simultaneously, it is possible to overcome that biofuel color and luster is dark, perishable and conventional distillation method exists the problems such as complex process, power consumption are big, long reaction time.
4, jatropha curcas oil was first carried out pre-treatment with silica gel by the present invention before esterification, it is possible to the impurity of absorption jatropha curcas oil and part free acid so that the soap that esterification reaction process produces is few, alleviates the difficulty of follow-up refining coarse biodiesel.
5, the inventive method has that preparation technology is simple, energy-conserving and environment-protective, catalytic efficiency height, reaction times are short, product rate height, product purity advantages of higher, have good social efficiency, ecological benefits and economic benefit.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further described, but is not limited to protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment magnetic nano-catalyst used is B2O3-Fe3O4. Its preparation method comprises the following steps:
A. magnetic Fe3O4The preparation of Nano microsphere: be the FeCl of 1:2.5 by mass ratio2And FeCl3Being dissolved in distilled water water, lead to into nitrogen, stir under 350r/min rotating speed, dropwise adding ammoniacal liquor to pH value is 12; Again control temperature be 65 DEG C, rotating speed be 120r/min, stir 1.5h, after reaction, be cooled to room temperature, utilize magnetite adsorption to collect Fe3O4Particulate, cleans to neutral with distilled water, and vacuum-drying 3h at temperature is 60 DEG C, obtains magnetic Fe3O4Nano microsphere, the particle diameter of microballoon is 54nm.
b.B2O3-Fe3O4The preparation of magnetic nano-catalyst: be that the magnetic Fe_3O_4 Nano microsphere of 1:15 and Boron Nitride solution add to ultrasonic stirrer by mass ratio; adding with magnetic Fe_3O_4 Nano microsphere mass ratio again is the ethanol of 1:25; it is at 300r/min, temperature are 55 DEG C at rotating speed; dropwise adding ammoniacal liquor to pH is 11, and after ultrasonic agitation 2.5h, the product of gained is through Magneto separate; 5 times are cleaned again with distilled water; being 65 DEG C of dry 6h with microwave, finally roasting 3h under 500 DEG C and nitrogen protection, can obtain B2O3-Fe3O4Magnetic nano-catalyst.
1. raw materials pretreatment: add 1.5kg silica gel absorber in 100kg jatropha curcas oil, stirs 15min under rotating speed is 150r/min, can obtain pure jatropha curcas oil;
2. esterification: be that 100:25:0.8 adds in reactor taking weight ratio by pure jatropha curcas oil, methyl alcohol and magnetic nano-catalyst, is 50 DEG C in temperature, under stirring velocity is 120r/min, carries out esterification 25min, obtain esterification products;
3. separating bio diesel oil crude product: by esterification products centrifugal 20min under rotating speed is 500r/min, after leaving standstill precipitation, is separated upper liquid with subnatant, and upper liquid is biofuel crude product, and lower floor is glycerine;
4. purification biofuel: 95.35kg biofuel crude product obtained above is added to agitator, then add 2.5kg by 30% wilkinite and 70% mixed adsorbent formed, under rotating speed 100r/min, stir 12min, 90.6kg biodiesel oil product can be obtained.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment magnetic nano-catalyst used is ZrO2-Fe3O4. Its preparation method comprises the following steps:
A. magnetic Fe3O4The preparation of Nano microsphere: be the FeCl of 1:3 by mass ratio2And FeCl3Being dissolved in distilled water water, lead to into nitrogen, stir under 450r/min rotating speed, dropwise adding ammoniacal liquor to pH value is 11; Again control temperature be 65 DEG C, rotating speed be 120r/min, stir 1.5h, after reaction, be cooled to room temperature, utilize magnetite adsorption to collect Fe3O4Particulate, cleans to neutral with distilled water, and vacuum-drying 3h at temperature is 80 DEG C, obtains magnetic Fe3O4Nano microsphere, the particle diameter of microballoon is 40nm.
b.ZrO2-Fe3O4The preparation of magnetic nano-catalyst: be that the magnetic Fe_3O_4 Nano microsphere of 1:12 and zirconium nitrate solution add to ultrasonic stirrer by mass ratio, then add and magnetic Fe3O4Nano microsphere mass ratio is the ethanol of 1:20; it is at 250r/min, temperature are 50 DEG C at rotating speed; dropwise adding ammoniacal liquor to pH is 11; after ultrasonic agitation 4h; the product of gained is through Magneto separate, then cleans 7 times with distilled water, is 60 DEG C of dry 11h with microwave; finally roasting 3h under 400 DEG C and nitrogen protection, can obtain .ZrO2-Fe3O4Magnetic nano-catalyst.
1. raw materials pretreatment: add 2.0kg silica gel absorber in 100kg jatropha curcas oil, stirs 20min under rotating speed is 120r/min, can obtain pure jatropha curcas oil;
2. esterification: be that 100:30:1 adds in reactor taking weight ratio by pure jatropha curcas oil, methyl alcohol and magnetic nano-catalyst, is 55 DEG C in temperature, under stirring velocity is 180r/min, carries out esterification 30min, obtain esterification products;
3. separating bio diesel oil crude product: by esterification products centrifugal 25min under rotating speed is 700r/min, after leaving standstill precipitation, is separated upper liquid with subnatant, and upper liquid is biofuel crude product, and lower floor is glycerine;
4. purification biofuel: 93.58kg biofuel crude product obtained above is added to agitator, then add 2.0kg by 35% wilkinite and 65% mixed adsorbent formed, under rotating speed 120r/min, stir 8min, 88.63kg biodiesel oil product can be obtained.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment magnetic nano-catalyst used is Al2O3-Fe3O4. Its preparation method comprises the following steps:
A. magnetic Fe3O4The preparation of Nano microsphere: be the FeCl of 1:2.5 by mass ratio2And FeCl3Being dissolved in distilled water water, lead to into nitrogen, stir under 500r/min rotating speed, dropwise adding ammoniacal liquor to pH value is 12; Again control temperature be 70 DEG C, rotating speed be 150r/min, stir 1h, after reaction, be cooled to room temperature, utilize magnetite adsorption to collect Fe3O4Particulate, cleans to neutral with distilled water, and vacuum-drying 2h at temperature is 70 DEG C, obtains magnetic Fe3O4Nano microsphere, the particle diameter of microballoon is 60nm.
b.Al2O3-Fe3O4The preparation of magnetic nano-catalyst: be the magnetic Fe of 1:10 by mass ratio3O4Nano microsphere and alum liquor add to ultrasonic stirrer, then add and magnetic Fe3O4Nano microsphere mass ratio is the ethanol of 1:30; it is at 300r/min, temperature are 60 DEG C at rotating speed; dropwise adding ammoniacal liquor to pH is 11; after ultrasonic agitation 4h; the product of gained is through Magneto separate, then cleans 6 times with distilled water, is 60 DEG C of dry 6h with microwave; finally roasting 3h under 500 DEG C and nitrogen protection, can obtain Al2O3-Fe3O4Magnetic nano-catalyst.
1. raw materials pretreatment: add 1.0kg silica gel absorber in 100kg jatropha curcas oil, stirs 25min under rotating speed is 130r/min, can obtain pure jatropha curcas oil;
2. esterification: be that 100:35:0.5 adds in reactor taking weight ratio by pure jatropha curcas oil, methyl alcohol and magnetic nano-catalyst, is 60 DEG C in temperature, under stirring velocity is 150r/min, carries out esterification 35min, obtain esterification products;
3. separating bio diesel oil crude product: by esterification products centrifugal 22min under rotating speed is 800r/min, after leaving standstill precipitation, is separated upper liquid with subnatant, and upper liquid is biofuel crude product, and lower floor is glycerine;
4. purification biofuel: 95.25kg biofuel crude product obtained above is added to agitator, then add 3.0kg by 40% wilkinite and 60% mixed adsorbent formed, under rotating speed 100r/min, stir 10min, 91.32kg biodiesel oil product can be obtained.

Claims (3)

1. one kind is the method that biofuel prepared by raw material taking Cortex jatrophae, it is characterised in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) raw materials pretreatment
Jatropha curcas oil adds the silica gel absorber of weight ratio 1.0-2.0%, under rotating speed is 120-150r/min, stirs 15-25min, pure jatropha curcas oil can be obtained;
(2) esterification
It is that 100:25-35:0.5-1.0 adds in reactor taking weight ratio by pure jatropha curcas oil, methyl alcohol and magnetic nano-catalyst, it is 50-60 DEG C in temperature, under stirring velocity is 120-200r/min, carries out esterification 25-35min, obtain esterification products;
(3) separating bio diesel oil crude product
By esterification products centrifugal 20-25min under rotating speed is 500-800r/min, after leaving standstill precipitation, upper liquid being separated with subnatant, upper liquid is biofuel crude product, and lower floor is glycerine;
(4) purification biofuel
Biofuel crude product obtained above is added to agitator, add with the mixed adsorbent of wilkinite and polyvinyl lactam composition again, its add-on is the 2.0-4.0% of biofuel crude product weight, stirs 8-12min under rotating speed 100-120r/min, can obtain biodiesel oil product.
2. a kind of according to claim 1 take Cortex jatrophae as the method that biofuel prepared by raw material, it is characterised in that: described magnetic nano-catalyst comprises B2O3-Fe3O4、ZrO2-Fe3O4And Al2O3-Fe3O4
3. a kind of according to claim 1 or 2 take Cortex jatrophae as the method that biofuel prepared by raw material, it is characterised in that: the mixed adsorbent of described wilkinite and polyvinyl lactam composition is made up of 30-40% Magnesium Silicate q-agent and 60-70% polyvinyl lactam.
CN201610027451.3A 2016-01-15 2016-01-15 Method for preparing biodiesel by using Jatropha carcas as raw material Pending CN105670807A (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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Application publication date: 20160615