CN105542953A - Method for producing biodiesel through comprehensive utilization of chinaberry seeds - Google Patents

Method for producing biodiesel through comprehensive utilization of chinaberry seeds Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105542953A
CN105542953A CN201610026933.7A CN201610026933A CN105542953A CN 105542953 A CN105542953 A CN 105542953A CN 201610026933 A CN201610026933 A CN 201610026933A CN 105542953 A CN105542953 A CN 105542953A
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biofuel
chinaberry
oil
chinaberry seeds
biodiesel
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Inventor
梁杰锋
杨云
蒋小平
李建华
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Guangxi Kuonengba Energy Technology Development Co Ltd
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Guangxi Kuonengba Energy Technology Development Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
    • C11B3/10—Refining fats or fatty oils by adsorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/74—Iron group metals
    • B01J23/745—Iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
    • C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
    • C11C3/04—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fats or fatty oils
    • C11C3/10—Ester interchange
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for producing biodiesel through comprehensive utilization of chinaberry seeds. The method includes the following steps that silica gel absorber is added to conduct pretreatment on the chinaberry seeds, and pure chinaberry seed oil is obtained; the pure chinaberry seed oil, methyl alcohol and a magnetic nano catalyst are added into a reaction kettle for an esterification reaction according to the weight ratio of 100:(30-50) :(1.5-2.0); then biodiesel crude products are separated and purified, and the biodiesel can be obtained. According to the method, the magnetic nano catalyst is introduced into the esterification reaction, catalyzing efficiency is high, and the catalyzing effect is remarkable, so that reaction time is shortened, and the yield of the biodiesel is raised; on the other hand, the magnetic nano catalyst can be separated and recycled conveniently and rapidly according to an external magnetic field and can be recycled multiple times. The method further has the advantages of being simple in preparation process, capable of saving energy and protecting the environment, high in yield and the like and has quite good social benefits, biological benefits and economic benefits, and large-scale production can be achieved easily.

Description

A kind of method fully utilizing chinaberry seeds production biofuel
Technical field
The present invention relates to biomass energy technology field, especially a kind of method fully utilizing chinaberry seeds production biofuel.
Background technology
Present Global petroleum demand constantly increases the contradiction gradually exhausted with fossil energy order; energy resource supply situation is more and more nervous; world market crude oil price continues to sharp rise; diversification, renewableization of the energy and clean the inevitable choice becoming human social development; exploitation biomass energy is one of direction solving global energy crisis, and the biofuel as novel substitute energy is rapid in countries in the world development.Biofuel refers to oil crops as soybean, rape, cotton, palm etc., and the waterplant such as Wild oil plant and engineering microalgae grease and animal grease, food garbage wet goods are the reproducibility diesel oil fuel of the replaced petrifaction diesel that stock oil is made by transesterify or thermochemical processes.
Biofuel has the performance advantage of following uniqueness: (1) bioenergy is renewable performance: as renewable energy source, different from prospective oil, it is obtained by agricultural and Biological resources, can supply can not be exhausted, and the biological degradability of biofuel is higher than common diesel, biological degradation can be realized under natural situation, reduce the pollution to environment for human survival.(2) there is excellent environmental protection characteristic: be mainly manifested in because in biofuel, sulphur content is low, make the discharge of sulfurous gas and sulfide low; Not containing the aromatic series alkane that can pollute environment in biofuel, thus waste gas damages lower than diesel oil human body.(3) good lubricity, makes the wearing and tearing of oil injection pump, engine cylinder-body and connecting rod reduce, long service life.(4) good fuel performance: biofuel cetane value is high, makes its incendivity be better than diesel oil, and combustion residue is that subacidity makes extend the work-ing life of catalyzer and engine motor oil.(5) raw material sources preparing biofuel are more extensive: comprise oil crops, Wild oil plant and alga plant grease and animal grease can as raw material, the waste oil in catering trade, sewer oil even can be utilized as raw material, the advantages such as the object that recovery rubbish is turned waste into wealth can be accomplished.
China is the relatively poor countries of petroleum resources; but woody oleiferous plants resource and abundant; along with the research to energy woody oleiferous plants crop, the deepening continuously of development and utilization; biomass energy is huge in China's development potentiality; development woody oleiferous plants Biodiesel is not only conducive to solving oil replacement, ecological environmental protection and agriculture, rural areas and farmers problem, also can be as China's forestry industry brings new development opportunity.Margosa (Meliaazedarach), deciduous tree, also known as bitter Siberian cocklebur, Fructus Toosendan, Zhan wingceltis etc.Margosa grows rapidly on moistening fertile soil, requires not tight, all can grow, be mainly distributed in each provinces and regions on the south Chinese the Yellow River in sour earth, neutral soil and In Limestone Area soil.Once, 100 ~ 150kg chinaberry seeds is about produced in the every strain of the margosa that becomes a useful person to China tree seed 1 year maturation, and its seed oil length is high, can reach 31.44%.Therefore, the development potentiality as biodiesel raw material is very big.Utilize the main method of chinaberry seeds biofuel for ester-interchange method at present, but traditional ester-interchange method mostly exist catalytic efficiency low, yield poorly, the shortcoming such as color and luster is dark, apt to deteriorate, long reaction time, etching apparatus, complex process, temperature of reaction are high, energy consumption more greatly, easily causes secondary pollution and byproduct losses, cost be higher.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to traditional Production of Biodiesel Via Transesterification Method Problems existing, a kind of method fully utilizing chinaberry seeds production biofuel is provided.The present invention take magnetic nano solid acid as catalyzer, not only not etching apparatus, can also improve catalytic efficiency significantly, can Reaction time shorten and reduce energy consumption etc.
For realizing above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Fully utilize a method for chinaberry seeds production biofuel, comprise the following steps:
1. raw materials pretreatment: add the silica gel absorber that weight ratio is 0.6-1.2% in chinaberry seeds oil, stir 10-20min under rotating speed is 150-250r/min, can obtain pure chinaberry seeds oil;
2. esterification: be that 100:30-50:1.5-2.0 adds in reactor with weight ratio by pure chinaberry seeds oil, methyl alcohol and magnetic nano-catalyst, temperature be 50-60 DEG C, under stirring velocity is 100-120r/min, carry out esterification 25-45min, obtain esterification products;
3. separating bio diesel oil crude product: by esterification products centrifugal 8-12min under rotating speed is 500-1000r/min, after staticly settling, upper liquid be separated with subnatant, upper liquid is biofuel crude product, and lower floor is glycerine;
4. purification biofuel: biofuel crude product obtained above is added to agitator, add the mixed adsorbent with Magnesium Silicate q-agent and polyvinyl lactam composition again, its add-on is the 1.2-2.0% of biofuel crude product weight, under rotating speed 150-180r/min, stir 5-8min, can biodiesel oil product be obtained.
The above magnetic nano-catalyst comprises B 2o 3-Fe 3o 4, ZrO2-Fe 3o 4and Al 2o 3-Fe 3o 4.
The mixed adsorbent of the above Magnesium Silicate q-agent and polyvinyl lactam composition is made up of 30-40% Magnesium Silicate q-agent and 60-70% polyvinyl lactam.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention and beneficial effect:
1, the present invention utilizes renewable resources preparing biodiesel from chinaberry seed oil, can effectively solve Present Global energy dilemma and problem of environmental pollution, and the biofuel of production not only quality obtains larger raising, and productive rate is promoted to about 90%.
2, magnetic nano-catalyst is incorporated in the production of biofuel by the present invention, wherein magnetic nano-catalyst has the features such as reaction interface is large, surface-area is large, resistance to mass transfer is little, reaction conditions is gentle, activity is high, activity stability is good, catalytic efficiency is high in the esterification reaction, catalytic effect remarkable to make it, thus the productive rate of Reaction time shorten and raising biofuel.Magnetic nano-catalyst can facilitate according to exterior magnetic field on the other hand, be isolated rapidly, reclaim, can recycled for multiple times, overcome that non magnetic nanocatalyst difficulty reclaims, shortcoming that cost is high, to alleviation environmental pollution, improve enterprise's productivity effect, to realize resources circulation efficiency utilization significant.
3, the present invention adopts absorption method purification biofuel, simple to operate, cost is low, effectively can solve large and " three wastes " emission problem of power consumption; Select the mixture of Magnesium Silicate q-agent and polyvinyl lactam composition as sorbent material, not only can adsorb the impurity such as free acid, methyl alcohol, glycerine, glyceride of biofuel very well, also there is good dehydrating effect simultaneously, dark, the perishable and conventional distil-lation method of biofuel color and luster can be overcome and there is the problems such as complex process, power consumption are large, long reaction time.
4, the present invention first carried out pre-treatment with silica gel to chinaberry seeds oil before esterification, and can adsorb impurity and the part free acid of chinaberry seeds oil, the soap that esterification reaction process is produced is few, alleviates the difficulty of follow-up refining coarse biodiesel.
5, the inventive method has that preparation technology is simple, energy-conserving and environment-protective, catalytic efficiency is high, the reaction times is short, productive rate is high, product purity advantages of higher, has good social efficiency, ecological benefits and economic benefit, easily realizes mass-producing, industrialization is produced.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further described, but be not limited to protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment magnetic nano-catalyst used is ZrO 2-Fe 3o 4.Its preparation method comprises the following steps:
A. magnetic Fe 3o 4the preparation of Nano microsphere: be the FeCl of 1:4 by mass ratio 2and FeCl 3be dissolved in distilled water water, pass into nitrogen, stir under 450r/min rotating speed, dropwise adding ammoniacal liquor to pH value is 11; Control temperature is 65 DEG C again, rotating speed is 120r/min, stirs 1.5h, is cooled to room temperature after reaction, utilizes magnetite adsorption to collect Fe 3o 4particulate, with distilled water cleaning to neutral, vacuum-drying 2h at temperature is 80 DEG C, obtains magnetic Fe 3o 4nano microsphere, the particle diameter of microballoon is 45nm.
B.ZrO 2-Fe 3o 4the preparation of magnetic nano-catalyst: be that magnetic Fe_3O_4 Nano microsphere and the zirconium nitrate solution of 1:12 adds to ultrasonic stirrer by mass ratio, then add and magnetic Fe 3o 4nano microsphere mass ratio is the ethanol of 1:20; rotating speed be 250r/min, at temperature is 50 DEG C; dropwise adding ammoniacal liquor to pH is 11; after ultrasonic agitation 4h; the product of gained through Magneto separate, then cleans 6 times with distilled water, is 60 DEG C of dry 10h with microwave; finally roasting 3h under 400 DEG C and nitrogen protection, can obtain .ZrO 2-Fe 3o 4magnetic nano-catalyst.
Fully utilize a method for chinaberry seeds production biofuel, comprise the following steps:
1. raw materials pretreatment: add the silica gel absorber that weight is 0.6kg in 100kg chinaberry seeds oil, stir 10min under rotating speed is 150r/min, can obtain pure chinaberry seeds oil;
2. esterification: be that 100:30:1.5 adds in reactor with weight ratio by pure chinaberry seeds oil, methyl alcohol and magnetic nano-catalyst, is 50 DEG C in temperature, under stirring velocity is 100r/min, carries out esterification 25min, obtain esterification products;
3. separating bio diesel oil crude product: by esterification products centrifugal 8min under rotating speed is 500r/min, after staticly settling, upper liquid be separated with subnatant, upper liquid is biofuel crude product, and lower floor is glycerine;
4. purification biofuel: 100.23kg biofuel crude product obtained above is added to agitator, add the mixed adsorbent 1.3kg with 10% Magnesium Silicate q-agent and 90% polyvinyl lactam composition again, under rotating speed 150r/min, stir 5min, can biodiesel oil product 93.20kg be obtained.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment magnetic nano-catalyst used is B 2o 3-Fe 3o 4.Its preparation method comprises the following steps:
A. magnetic Fe 3o 4the preparation of Nano microsphere: be the FeCl of 1:2 by mass ratio 2and FeCl 3be dissolved in distilled water water, pass into nitrogen, stir under 300r/min rotating speed, dropwise adding ammoniacal liquor to pH value is 12; Control temperature is 65 DEG C again, rotating speed is 100r/min, stirs 1h, is cooled to room temperature after reaction, utilizes magnetite adsorption to collect Fe 3o 4particulate, with distilled water cleaning to neutral, vacuum-drying 3h at temperature is 70 DEG C, obtains magnetic Fe 3o 4nano microsphere, the particle diameter of microballoon is 55nm.
B.B 2o 3-Fe 3o 4the preparation of magnetic nano-catalyst: be that magnetic Fe_3O_4 Nano microsphere and the Boron Nitride solution of 1:7 adds to ultrasonic stirrer by mass ratio; adding with magnetic Fe_3O_4 Nano microsphere mass ratio is again the ethanol of 1:20; rotating speed be 300r/min, at temperature is 50 DEG C; dropwise adding ammoniacal liquor to pH is 12, after ultrasonic agitation 3h, and the product of gained is through Magneto separate; 6 times are cleaned again with distilled water; be 70 DEG C of dry 8h with microwave, finally roasting 2h under 500 DEG C and nitrogen protection, can obtain B 2o 3-Fe 3o 4magnetic nano-catalyst.
Fully utilize a method for chinaberry seeds production biofuel, comprise the following steps:
1. raw materials pretreatment: add the silica gel absorber that weight is 1.0kg in 100kg chinaberry seeds oil, stir 15min under rotating speed is 200r/min, can obtain pure chinaberry seeds oil;
2. esterification: be that 100:40:1.7 adds in reactor with weight ratio by pure chinaberry seeds oil, methyl alcohol and magnetic nano-catalyst, is 55 DEG C in temperature, under stirring velocity is 110r/min, carries out esterification 30min, obtain esterification products;
3. separating bio diesel oil crude product: by esterification products centrifugal 10min under rotating speed is 700r/min, after staticly settling, upper liquid be separated with subnatant, upper liquid is biofuel crude product, and lower floor is glycerine;
4. purification biofuel: 98.63kg biofuel crude product obtained above is added to agitator, add the mixed adsorbent 1.6kg with 15% Magnesium Silicate q-agent and 85% polyvinyl lactam composition again, under rotating speed 160r/min, stir 7min, can biodiesel oil product 91.86kg be obtained.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment magnetic nano-catalyst used is Al 2o 3-Fe 3o 4.Its preparation method comprises the following steps:
A. magnetic Fe 3o 4the preparation of Nano microsphere: be the FeCl of 1:3.5 by mass ratio 2and FeCl 3be dissolved in distilled water water, pass into nitrogen, stir under 500r/min rotating speed, dropwise adding ammoniacal liquor to pH value is 12; Control temperature is 70 DEG C again, rotating speed is 150r/min, stirs 2h, is cooled to room temperature after reaction, utilizes magnetite adsorption to collect Fe 3o 4particulate, with distilled water cleaning to neutral, vacuum-drying 2h at temperature is 75 DEG C, obtains magnetic Fe 3o 4nano microsphere, the particle diameter of microballoon is 70nm.
B.Al 2o 3-Fe 3o 4the preparation of magnetic nano-catalyst: be the magnetic Fe of 1:10 by mass ratio 3o 4nano microsphere and alum liquor add to ultrasonic stirrer, then add and magnetic Fe 3o 4nano microsphere mass ratio is the ethanol of 1:40; rotating speed be 300r/min, at temperature is 60 DEG C; dropwise adding ammoniacal liquor to pH is 12; after ultrasonic agitation 4h; the product of gained through Magneto separate, then cleans 6 times with distilled water, is 70 DEG C of dry 6h with microwave; finally roasting 3h under 450 DEG C and nitrogen protection, can obtain Al 2o 3-Fe 3o 4magnetic nano-catalyst.
Fully utilize a method for chinaberry seeds production biofuel, comprise the following steps:
1. raw materials pretreatment: add the silica gel absorber that weight is 1.2kg in 100kg chinaberry seeds oil, stir 18min under rotating speed is 250r/min, can obtain pure chinaberry seeds oil;
2. esterification: be that 100:50:2 adds in reactor with weight ratio by pure chinaberry seeds oil, methyl alcohol and magnetic nano-catalyst, is 60 DEG C in temperature, under stirring velocity is 120r/min, carries out esterification 40min, obtain esterification products;
3. separating bio diesel oil crude product: by esterification products centrifugal 12min under rotating speed is 900r/min, after staticly settling, upper liquid be separated with subnatant, upper liquid is biofuel crude product, and lower floor is glycerine;
4. purification biofuel: 99.13kg biofuel crude product obtained above is added to agitator, add the mixed adsorbent 2.0kg with 25% Magnesium Silicate q-agent and 75% polyvinyl lactam composition again, under rotating speed 170r/min, stir 8min, can biodiesel oil product 92.57kg be obtained.

Claims (3)

1. fully utilize a method for chinaberry seeds production biofuel, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) raw materials pretreatment
In chinaberry seeds oil, add the silica gel absorber that weight ratio is 0.6-1.2%, under rotating speed is 150-250r/min, stirs 10-20min, pure chinaberry seeds oil can be obtained;
(2) esterification
Be that 100:30-50:1.5-2.0 adds in reactor by pure chinaberry seeds oil, methyl alcohol and magnetic nano-catalyst with weight ratio, be 50-60 DEG C in temperature, under stirring velocity is 100-120r/min, carries out esterification 25-45min, obtain esterification products;
(3) separating bio diesel oil crude product
By esterification products centrifugal 8-12min under rotating speed is 500-1000r/min, after staticly settling, upper liquid be separated with subnatant, upper liquid is biofuel crude product, and lower floor is glycerine;
(4) purification biofuel
Biofuel crude product obtained above is added to agitator, add the mixed adsorbent with Magnesium Silicate q-agent and polyvinyl lactam composition again, its add-on is the 1.2-2.0% of biofuel crude product weight, under rotating speed 150-180r/min, stir 5-8min, can obtain biodiesel oil product.
2. a kind of method fully utilizing chinaberry seeds production biofuel according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described magnetic nano-catalyst comprises B 2o 3-Fe 3o 4, ZrO2-Fe 3o 4and Al 2o 3-Fe 3o 4.
3. a kind of method fully utilizing chinaberry seeds production biofuel according to claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: the mixed adsorbent of described Magnesium Silicate q-agent and polyvinyl lactam composition is made up of 10-25% Magnesium Silicate q-agent and 75-90% polyvinyl lactam.
CN201610026933.7A 2016-01-15 2016-01-15 Method for producing biodiesel through comprehensive utilization of chinaberry seeds Pending CN105542953A (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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CN101492603A (en) * 2008-01-23 2009-07-29 华中农业大学 Method for producing biodiesel by using tallowseed oil and special solid catalyst thereof
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