CN105664528A - 污染液体的处理 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及在处理容器(2,28)中从污染液体除去污染物,所述容器包含能够电化学再生的碳基吸附材料。该吸附材料以负载在容器底部的板(6)上的床层形式存在。搅动床层一段时间以在液体中分散所述吸附材料,并且吸附其中的污染物。在时间结束时停止搅动,使得吸附材料的床层沉降。然后,在沉降期间或之后,通过向床层通入电流以从吸附材料释放来自污染物的气体产物而再生吸附材料,所述气体产物以气泡形式穿过容器内的被去污的液体上升。本发明公开了吸附材料再生的各种方法,以及可以应用于所述方法中的装置。
Description
本申请是2010年5月6日递交的国际申请号为PCT/GB2010/000908,中国国家申请号为201080019974.4,名称为“污染液体的处理”的申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及通过与吸附材料接触而处理污染液体的方法和产品。在除去有机污染物的液体处理中,本发明具有特别的但并非唯一的应用。本发明利用公开于国际专利公开号WO2007/125334以及WO2008/047132中;未公布的国际专利申请号GB07/20429.0中以及未公布的英国专利申请号0823165.6中的技术。这些公布的以及未公布的申请所公开的全部内容援引加入本文。
背景技术
吸附材料常用于液体处理装置。碳基的这种材料特别有用,并且具有借助通过其中的电流再生的能力。下面文章描述了碳基吸附剂在污染水处理中的使用,该文章由TheUniversityofManchesterInstituteofScienceandTechnology(theUniversityofManchester)曼彻斯特科学技术学院(现在为曼彻斯特大学)在2004年出版,在此将其援引加入本文:
负载龙胆紫染料的碳基吸附剂电化学再生Electrochemicalregenerationofacarbon-basedabsorbentloadedwithcrystalvioletdyebyNWBrown,EPLRoberts,AAGarforth和RAWDryfe,电化学学报ElectrachemicaActa49(2004)3269-3281
利用吸附和电化学再生除去阿特拉津AtrazineremovalusingadsorptionandelectrochemicalregenerationbyNWBrown,EPLRoberts,AChasiotis,TCherdron和NSanghrajka,水研究WaterResearch39(2004)3067-3074
发明内容
本发明特别关注个体液体间歇处理而非连续处理工艺。根据本发明,在从污染液体中除去污染物的方法中,输送液体到处理容器,所述容器包含能电化学再生的碳基吸附材料并在容器底部以材料床层形式存在。搅动该床层一段时间以向液体中分散吸附材料并从中吸附污染物,这段时间结束时停止搅动,使得吸附材料床层沉降。在该沉降期间,吸附材料将与液体分离。分离度取决于沉降的时间。有可能根据被处理液体的性质调节时间范围。在沉降期间或之后,使电流通过该床层以从吸附材料上释放来自污染物的气体产物以再生吸附材料,气体产物以气泡形式在容器中通过被去污的液体上升,然后被除去。当然可以在吸附材料最终再生以前移出液体。在再生周期的不同阶段,可以调整电流。例如,再生周期起初,仅沉淀了非常薄层的吸附材料,所以比出现大量沉淀的再生周期后期需要更小的电流。
在本发明的方法中,吸附发生在再生区域以及吸附区域内,有利于形成紧凑并且潜在可移动的装置。也获得了更大的再生区域。增加电极的尺寸有利于处理含有高浓度污染物的液体。
上述方法特别的优点是为待处理的特定液体选择处理循环。该方法中,搅动床层和使其沉降、以及再生吸附材料的步骤是可以重复的,从而在液体移出之前进一步除去其中的污染物。换句话说,可以监测液体的去污程度,相应地采取方法。可以理解的是,再生区域和吸附区域的相对大小可以根据处理需要而改变。加入到容器内的吸附材料的量应当与液体中存在的污染物的类型和含量相适应。改进该方法的能力、吸附材料的数量以及吸附区域与再生区域的相对大小赋予了该方法显著的灵活性。
用于本发明方法中的优选的吸附材料包括未膨胀的插层石墨(unexpandedintercalatedgraphite),优选以粉剂或薄片的形式。该材料可能仅由未膨胀的插层石墨构成,或者是这种石墨与一种或多种其他吸附材料的混合物,正如我们在应用领域中所描述的主题为“用于处理污染液体的吸附剂”。吸附剂的各个颗粒可以本身包括一种以上的吸收剂材料的混合物。
在本发明的方法中,通常通过向床层基底输送流体来搅动吸附材料的床层。所述流体通常是气体,如空气,但是在一些情况下可以使用液体。液体可以是中性的,如水,或者可以是污染液体本身或输送到该容器的那部分。换句话说,至少在初始的去污阶段,污染液体可以输送到处理容器作为搅动工艺的一部分。如果需要随后的去污阶段,可使用不同的搅动流体,如空气。如果需要的话,该搅动流体本身可以包括处理组分或待处理的组分。
可以简单设计用于实施本发明方法的装置以进行该方法的步骤。装置包括用于液体的容器,具有上部区域和下部区域。所述容器包含能够电化学再生的颗粒的吸附材料,优选参照上述的类型,并且以负载在容器底部的下部区域中的床层形式。安装搅拌器用于搅动床层以在包含于包括上部区域的容器中的液体中分散颗粒,以及在下部区域的相对侧布置电极用于输送电流通过颗粒床层。搅拌器通常包括位于床层下面的室,该室带有向上通入床层的排放孔,以及该设置用于输送加压流体穿过所述排放孔进入床层以分散床层颗粒。一般地,搅拌器包括多个喷嘴,例如以歧管的形式,用于引导加压流体向上进入颗粒床层。其可以为其上具有多孔板的室的形式。搅拌器可以带有将其与加压流体的外部源头连接的装置,但搅拌器可以与安装在搅拌器自身中的加压流体源独立。这提供了搅拌器就地安装在已有的污染液体处理容器中的可能性。在搅拌器的尺寸与容器的尺寸兼容的情况下,在从颗粒床层之上或之下输送污染液体之前,安装搅拌器并且在其上形成颗粒床层。
用于搅动容器中物质的附加设备可以包括机械混合器的形式,其具有防止吸附材料和处理液体凝结的额外功能。凝结可能带来的问题是它截留搅动气泡,降低吸附材料的密度并因此引起吸附材料漂浮。这降低了吸附效率并且可引起不完全分离。这可能是与(例如)被处理液体中存在表面活性剂或油品相关的问题。在优选实施方式的实验中,混合器位于容器上部区域并且附着于盖或罩(如果使用的话)上,但是它也可以与腔室吸附区域中的任何位置结合。机械混合器可作为使用加压流体的替代被用来流化床层。当污染液体具有不应该暴露于气泡的性质,如起泡剂或高度挥发性试剂时,这是有必要的。
通常,本发明装置中的容器具有基本上均匀的水平横截面,吸附材料颗粒床层完全延伸扩展整个横截面。然而,容器上部区域和下部区域的横截面不必相同,并且特别是用于相对少量的污染液体时,吸附材料床层可以限定在比上部区域横截面积更小的下部区域,并且当吸附材料沉降时流入下部区域。在该实施方式中,容器可以采取漏斗的形式,在上部区域和下部区域之间具有中段,围绕着中段,容器壁朝着下部区域收敛,在下部区域形成吸附材料床层。
容器可以用盖或罩(未示出)关闭,以在进行搅动过程时增加压力,增加吸附效率。为了在反应室内维持所需压力,需要提供一个或多个阀门以控制释放该方法中产生的或使用的气体。
在本发明方法的实施中,当搅动的吸附材料床层材料已沉降时,其通过通入贯穿床层的电流得以再生。该电流通过在床层相对侧的电极之间施加电压而产生。通常床层的横截面或容器的下部区域为正方形或矩形,电极在下部区域的相对侧上布置。可以沿着这些侧面的每一侧布置多个电极。比如,在横截面积为200×100cm的均匀矩形截面容器中,可以沿着较长的相对侧各自布置30个电极。水平安装多个电极可以使得在再生期间,在床层的不同高度处施加不同的电流。
本发明也适合于从污染的气体中除去污染物。在该变体中,所述方法包括输送液体到包含碳基吸附材料的处理容器,该材料能够电化学再生并且以颗粒床层的形式位于容器底部;输送污染气体到吸附材料床层以搅动床层并且向液体中分散吸附材料,以及从污染气体中吸附污染物。穿过液体释放被去污的气体。然后停止搅动,使得吸附材料床层沉降;并且通过向床层通入电流,从吸附材料上释放来自污染物的气体产物,吸附材料得到再生,气体产物以气泡的形式穿过容器内液体上升。可以分别收集各种气体或酌情排放。应当理解,可以使用上述基本上相同的装置。
附图说明
将通过实施例和参照附图对本发明予以描述,其中:
图1是根据本发明一个实施方式的装置的透视图;
图2是图1中负载有吸附材料床层的容器基底的俯视图;
图3是用于负载本发明装置中的流化床的装置的透视图;
图4是本发明装置的可替换形式的透视图;
图5是图1中位于分布板平面下方的容器的可替换基底的俯视图,并且示出了再生电极的可替换布置;以及
图6和7显示在根据本发明的装置的基底中使用多个电池。
具体实施方式
图1显示具有矩形水平横截面的简单的容器(tank)2。在容器的下部区域4中,板6上负载有颗粒吸附材料的床层。在板6之下是室8,其用于从入口管10接收流化介质,例如空气。
图2是容器2的下部区域4的水平横截面视图,特别地显示板6和入口管10。图2还显示板中的开口12,以用作来自室8下面的流化介质的通道。在板6较长的相对侧并且从其向上延伸的是电极16的两个工作面(banks)14。吸附材料的床层负载在容器2壁内的板6上,位于电极16的工作面14之间。
在本发明实施中使用的吸附材料是碳基材料,并以在液体中容易流化的颗粒形式提供。优选的吸附材料是在上述专利公开与申请中公开的那些。在图1和图2的装置使用中,污染液体输送到顶部常开的容器2中。通过输入管10输送适当的介质来流化吸附材料以在该容器所含的污染液体主体内分散吸附材料。吸附材料从液体中获得污染物,污染物附着于吸收剂颗粒表面。在一段时间后,流化介质停止流动,结果是吸附材料在电极16的工作面14之间的板6上沉降。此时可以通过排放口18移出被去污的液体,但可以延期移出。可以测量去污程度,并且如果该程度是可接受的,则可以移出液体。如果需要进一步净化,将其保留在容器2内。
如果需要,由15代表的机械混合器可为容器2的上部区域中的液体提供进一步的搅动。如果它的功能与通过板6输送的流化介质相结合,通常其可以是简单的桨就足够。如果它是仅有的搅拌机构,那么可以将其安装在床层之内或之下以推动吸附材料进入上部区域,但是也可以将其安装在上部区域本身中。特别地,如果安装在容器中的液体表面,则可以用于凝聚的颗粒。
无论是否移出了被去污的液体,负载在板6上的吸附材料现在可以被再生。这通过向电极16之间的材料床层通入电流来实现。以含碳气体与水的形式释放吸附的污染物。该气体或者通过容器2的顶部开口释放,或者如果顶部是封闭的,则通过单独的排风管20释放,以用于可能存在的后续处理。如果被去污的液体保留在容器中,释放的气体仅鼓泡通过它。在吸附材料再生之后,保留在容器中的污染液体当然可以通过再流化床层以再一次向液体内分散吸附材料颗粒而进一步被净化。该顺序可以重复,并在每次处理之后监测液体的去污程度。
在图1的装置中,吸附材料的床层、用于流化床层以向容器内液体中分散材料的装置、以及用于在净化处理后再生吸附材料的电极,都集成在容器的构造中。然而,可以理解的是,容器是一个可移动的去污单元,其可以在一批或多批肯定被污染的液体的所在场所之间移动,而不需要一个固定的场所。如果合适的容器已经就位,则其就是去污系统;吸附材料床层与流化机构可以分别地输送。这种系统在图3中示出,如图所示,除用于流化介质的输入管10之外,系统包括与图1中容器2的下部区域中存在的相同元件。输入管10由管22替代,其可以贯穿于就地容器的顶部以与流化介质源连接。使用时,图3所示的系统应当安装在容器的下部区域,采用容器壁在端部边界24与电极工作面14之间做合适的密封,然后输送吸附材料到位于电极工作面14之间的板6上。然后输送污染液体到容器内,并且随后进行上述处理。当处理完成时,分别排干容器并且系统与板6上的吸附材料一起移走或与吸附材料分别移走。
图4示出了本发明的一种替换装置,其适于较少量污染液体,比如,用于实验室使用的液体。装置的元件基本上与图1和2的装置中的那些相似,但是容器28的下部区域26的横截面小于上部区域30的横截面。在处理工艺中,板6上的吸附材料同样借助输入管10通过输送简单介质而流化,并且当流化介质暂停输送时,通过收敛的容器壁32,将吸附材料直接导回到下部区域26中。如果膨胀的上部区域明显大于下部区域,在膨胀的上部区域中可能需要额外的混合,这可以由另外的搅拌器提供。
图5显示了本发明的另一个实施方式,其中多个电极可以以平行安装的形式紧密地定位在一个电池内。在外侧电极34与36之间施加电压极化中间电极38,以在最远的阴极34和阳极36之间有效地产生一系列交替的阴极和阳极。以此方式使用双性电极有利于若干次形成一个电流而按比例增加电压。这样的优势在于,与简单的通过向床层整体施加较大的电压而获得的电流相比,增大了电压以在电极间的床层区域内的吸附材料中获得了更大的电流。电极之间的距离可以不高于约25mm;这足以使得电池电压保持在可接受的水平,而不产生吸附材料的断裂,并且使得以气泡的形式释放的污染物离开。
在本发明装置的再生区域中,阴极通常设置在由多孔膜或者滤布限定的分隔的室内,以防止其与吸附材料直接接触。多孔膜能够使阴极液由室泵出,该阴极液既用于控制pH水平又作为冷却剂以从再生区域散热。
本发明的装置可包含单一电池或者多个电池。图6显示采用相同极性彼此相邻安装的电池的布置。图7显示连续设置的电池,其具有相对的极性,以防止不必要的电流消耗。在图6和7示出的各个布置中,各自最远的电极必须平行连接。
Claims (15)
1.从一定量的污染液体中除去污染物的方法,所述方法包括:
输送液体至包含能电化学再生的碳基吸附材料的处理容器,所述吸附材料以颗粒床层的形式位于所述处理容器的底部;
搅动所述床层以在所述液体中分散所述吸附材料并且从其中吸附污染物;
停止搅动,使得吸附材料床层沉降;
通过向床层通入电流以从吸附材料上释放来自污染物的气体产物而再生吸附材料,所述气体产物以气泡形式穿过容器中的液体上升;以及
从所述容器移出被去污的液体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,重复进行搅动床层和使其沉降、以及再生吸附材料的步骤,以在液体移出之前进一步地从液体除去污染物。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中,通过向吸附材料床层底部输送流体来搅动吸附材料床层。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中,所述流体是所述污染液体,或者是气体,如空气。
5.从污染气体中除去污染物的方法,所述方法包括:
输送液体至包含能电化学再生的碳基吸附材料的处理容器,所述吸附材料以颗粒床层的形式位于所述处理容器的底部;
输送所述污染气体到吸附材料床层以搅动床层,在液体中分散吸附材料,并从污染气体中吸附污染物,以及释放被去污的气体;
停止搅动,使得吸附材料床层沉降;以及
通过向床层通入电流以从吸附材料上释放来自污染物的气体产物而再生吸附材料,所述气体产物以气泡形式穿过容器内的液体上升。
6.根据权利要求3、4或5所述的方法,其包括在容器底部安装流体分布器的预备步骤,在所述分布器上形成吸附材料床层,所述分布器与流体源头偶合以用于输送流体。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的方法,其中,至少一些所述污染气体溶于所述液体中。
8.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的方法,其中,所述容器包括用于接收待处理液体的上部区域和用于容纳吸附材料床层的下部区域,所述下部区域的横截面小于所述上部区域的横截面,并且所述吸附材料的床层在所述下部区域再形成以便再生。
9.处理液体以从其中除去污染物的装置,所述装置包括用于液体的容器,所述容器包含上部区域和下部区域并包含能电化学再生的吸附材料,所述吸附材料以颗粒床层的形式在所述容器的底部负载于所述下部区域中;
搅拌器,用于搅动床层以向包括上部区域的容器中所含的液体中分散所述颗粒;以及
电极,位于下部区域的相对侧面以用于输送电流以通过所述颗粒床层。
10.根据权利要求9所述的装置,其中,所述搅拌器包括位于床层下的室,所述室带有向上引导进入床层的排放孔,以及用于输送加压流体穿过所述排放孔进入床层以分散床层颗粒的设备。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的装置,其中,所述搅拌器包括多个喷嘴以用于向上引导加压流体进入床层内以分散床层颗粒。
12.根据权利要求9-11中任一项所述的装置,其中,所述搅拌器可拆除地安装在所述容器内。
13.根据权利要求9-12中任一项所述的装置,其中,至少所述容器的下部区域具有正方形或矩形水平横截面。
14.根据权利要求9-13中任一项所述的装置,其中,所述容器下部区域的水平横截面小于上部区域的水平横截面。
15.根据权利要求9-13中任一项所述的装置,其中,在容器下部区域的两个相对侧面的各自上布置多个电极。
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JPS58159888A (ja) * | 1982-03-18 | 1983-09-22 | Meisui Giken Kk | 再生装置付活性炭吸着塔 |
DK165090D0 (da) * | 1990-07-09 | 1990-07-09 | Kem En Tec As | Konglomererede partikler |
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RU2046014C1 (ru) * | 1992-03-11 | 1995-10-20 | Научно-исследовательский физико-технический институт при Дальневосточном государственном университете | Способ регенерации углеродного сорбента, загрязненного органическими веществами |
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2009
- 2009-05-06 GB GB0907813A patent/GB2470042B/en active Active
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2010
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- 2010-05-06 CN CN201610093368.6A patent/CN105664528A/zh active Pending
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- 2010-05-06 RU RU2011149484/05A patent/RU2531189C2/ru active
- 2010-05-06 EP EP10718262A patent/EP2427408A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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WO2009050485A1 (en) * | 2007-10-18 | 2009-04-23 | Arvia Technology Limited | Treatment of contaminated gases |
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CN114470873A (zh) * | 2022-03-10 | 2022-05-13 | 兖矿能源集团股份有限公司 | 一种用于井下下山掘进工作面的煤水分离装置及方法 |
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US20150196856A1 (en) | 2015-07-16 |
GB0907813D0 (en) | 2009-06-17 |
KR101864451B1 (ko) | 2018-07-05 |
US20120118829A1 (en) | 2012-05-17 |
JP5410597B2 (ja) | 2014-02-05 |
GB2470042A (en) | 2010-11-10 |
RU2011149484A (ru) | 2013-06-20 |
KR20120020133A (ko) | 2012-03-07 |
US8936726B2 (en) | 2015-01-20 |
WO2010128298A1 (en) | 2010-11-11 |
CN102428032A (zh) | 2012-04-25 |
EP2427408A1 (en) | 2012-03-14 |
RU2531189C2 (ru) | 2014-10-20 |
JP2012525963A (ja) | 2012-10-25 |
GB2470042B (en) | 2011-10-19 |
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