CN105660686A - 一种韭菜蛆诱杀剂及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents

一种韭菜蛆诱杀剂及其制备方法与应用 Download PDF

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CN105660686A
CN105660686A CN201511023410.9A CN201511023410A CN105660686A CN 105660686 A CN105660686 A CN 105660686A CN 201511023410 A CN201511023410 A CN 201511023410A CN 105660686 A CN105660686 A CN 105660686A
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王晓青
曹永松
郑建秋
胡彬
孙海
李云龙
郭明程
丁光龙
张文兵
王胤
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Beijing plant protection station
China Agricultural University
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Abstract

本发明提供一种韭菜蛆诱杀剂及其制备方法与应用。所述韭菜蛆诱杀剂，其组成包括引诱剂和杀灭剂。本发明提供的韭菜蛆诱杀剂具有制作方法简单，原材料易得，产品性能稳定，使用方便；与传统的化学防治韭菜蛆相比，本发明的韭菜蛆诱杀剂通过添加微量的引诱剂，能有效地控制韭菜蛆的危害，降低农药的使用次数与用量，有效地解决了化学防治引起的抗性问题、农药残留问题及环境问题；本发明的韭菜蛆诱杀剂能高效引诱杀死韭菜蛆的成虫，持续时期长，直接杀死成虫或使成虫不能正常产卵，大幅降低韭菜蛆的虫口基数，因而可以为韭菜绿色防控提供可靠的物质保障。

Description

一种韭菜蛆诱杀剂及其制备方法与应用
技术领域
本发明属于有害生物绿色防控领域，具体涉及一种韭菜蛆诱杀剂及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
韭菜属百合科葱属，是多年生宿根植物。韭菜是人们喜食的蔬菜，由于其抗寒、耐热、适应性强，已成为生产范围最广泛的香辛叶菜类蔬菜之一。韭菜蛆是韭菜生产中危害最为严重的虫害，已经是制约韭菜生产的主要因素，它是韭菜蚊类和蝇类幼虫的统称，主要包括韭菜迟眼蕈蚊和葱蝇，韭菜蛆主要危害韭菜叶鞘、幼芽和鳞茎，引起鳞茎腐烂、叶片枯死，轻则造成植株枯黄倒伏，重时缺苗断垄，严重影响韭菜产量和质量。由于年年发生，不同地区、不同季节种类差异很大，发生早晚也不尽相同，随着种植年份增加危害越来越严重，每年都必须防治，防治难度很大。目前韭菜蛆防治主要为化学防治，常用化学农药有辛硫磷、毒死蜱、丁硫克百威等，化学农药大量反复使用造成害虫抗药性的产生以及农药残留超标，给人类健康和生态环境造成严重危害，由于层出不穷的“毒韭菜”等农药残留超标事件，使得人们不敢吃韭菜、农民不敢种韭菜。
昆虫诱杀剂在害虫防治上具有不污染环境、对天敌和有益生物安全等特点，已受到国内外的高度重视，正成为害虫综合治理措施之一，将昆虫引诱剂与杀灭剂有机结合达到控制害虫的目的，具有广阔的应用和发展前景。
发明内容
为了解决韭菜生产过程中韭菜蛆难以防治，或采用化学防治后引起的抗性问题、农药残留问题及环境问题等，本发明的目的在于提供一种韭菜蛆诱杀剂及其制备方法。
本发明所提供的韭菜蛆诱杀剂，其活性组分为引诱剂和杀灭剂，所述引诱剂与杀灭剂的质量比为0.05:1，具体可为0.5:1、0.21:1、0.442:1、0.07:1、0.1:1、0.7:1、0.133:1、0.5:1或0.3:1。
具体地，本发明所提供的韭菜蛆诱杀剂的剂型可为液体制剂，其组成包括下述重量份数的组分：以总重量份100份计，0.0001-5.0重量份的引诱剂、0.001-10.0重量份的杀灭剂及余量的溶剂和助剂。
所述韭菜蛆诱杀剂的剂型也可为固体制剂，其组成包括下述重量份数的组分：以总重量份100份计，0.0001-5.0重量份的引诱剂、0.001-10.0重量份的杀灭剂及余量的溶剂、助剂和固体载体。
优选地，所述引诱剂为0.021-5重量份，具体可为0.021重量份、0.2重量份、0.21重量份、0.4重量份、0.5重量份、0.8重量份、2重量份、2.21重量份或5重量份。
优选地，所述杀灭剂为0.1-10重量份，具体可为0.1重量份、0.7重量份、1重量份、3重量份、5重量份、6重量份、7重量份或10重量份。
所述引诱剂选自下述至少一种：二烯丙基二硫、二烯丙基三硫、二烯丙基四硫、戊酸、十七烷、四甲基吡嗪和苯乙醇。
所述杀灭剂为农药，选自下述至少一种：敌百虫、灭蝇胺、溴氰菊酯、仲丁威、乐果和乙基多杀菌素。
所述助剂选自下述至少一种：聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、羧甲基纤维素、羧乙基纤维素、黄原胶、阿拉伯胶、明胶、海藻酸、吐温和司盘。
所述溶剂选自下述至少一种：水、醋酸、乙醇、异丙醇、丁醇、二氧六环、萘、甲基萘、N－甲基吡咯烷酮、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、丁酮、苯乙酮、乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、辛醇和乙二醇醚类。
所述韭菜蛆诱杀剂为固体制剂时，所述固体载体选自下述至少一种：蔗糖、乳糖、麦芽糖、葡萄糖、酵母粉、奶粉、芝麻粉、核桃粉、豆粉、小麦粉、红薯粉、马铃薯粉和大米粉。
所述韭菜蛆诱杀剂为液体制剂时，其制备方法为：将上述各组分混合，搅拌溶解得到均匀透明液体即可，或将上述各组分混合，高速剪切搅拌乳化得到乳状液即可。
所述韭菜蛆诱杀剂为固体制剂时，其制备方法为：将除固体载体的其余各组分混合得到混合液，再所述混合液吸附到所述固体载体上，粉碎后得到粉剂即可，或粉碎后捏合、挤压造粒得到颗粒剂即可。
本发明所制备得到的韭菜蛆诱杀剂在防治韭菜蛆方面的应用也属于本发明的保护的范围。
本发明还提供一种防治韭菜蛆的方法，所述方法包括下述步骤：
所述韭菜蛆诱杀剂为液体制剂时，将所述液体制剂兑水稀释，将稀释液盛放于韭菜田中，即可；
所述韭菜蛆诱杀剂为固体制剂时，将所述固体制剂直接放置于韭菜田中，即可；或将所述固体制剂用水溶解形成溶液，稀释后，将所述稀释液盛放于韭菜田中，即可。
本发明提供的韭菜蛆诱杀剂及其制备方法具有下述优点：
1)本发明提供的韭菜蛆诱杀剂具有制作方法简单，原材料易得，产品性能稳定，使用方便；
2)与传统的化学防治韭菜蛆相比，本发明的韭菜蛆诱杀剂通过添加微量的引诱剂，能有效地控制韭菜蛆的危害，降低农药的用量使用次数和用量，有效地解决了化学防治引起的抗性问题、农药残留问题及环境问题；
3)本发明的韭菜蛆诱杀剂能高效引诱杀死韭菜蛆的成虫，持续时期长，直接杀死成虫或使成虫不能正常产卵，大幅降低韭菜蛆的虫口基数，因而可以为韭菜绿色防控提供可靠的物质保障。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明进行说明，但本发明并不局限于此。
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明，均为常规方法；下述实施例中所用的试剂、材料等，如无特殊说明，均可从商业途径得到。
对照例
将蔗糖20g、乳糖20g、奶粉20g、酵母粉20g、红薯粉20g、敌百虫100g、吐温-8020g、司盘-4020g、醋酸20g、乙醇100g、水640g混合，搅拌充分溶解得到1000g均匀的乳状液体，按1：100比例兑水稀释，将20毫升稀释液用塑料小盆置于韭菜温室棚中，每4平方米放一盆，每周补加20毫升稀释液，60天后测得韭菜蛆的危害率为82.5％。
实施例1
将二烯丙基二硫3g、二烯丙基三硫1g、戊酸1g、敌百虫10g混合，分别加入助剂醋酸20g、吐温-805g、乙醇60g，搅拌充分溶解得到100g均匀透明的液体制剂，按1：100比例兑水稀释，将20毫升稀释液用塑料小盆置于韭菜温室棚中，每4平方米放一盆，每周补加20毫升稀释液，60天后测得韭菜蛆的危害率仅为2.8％。
实施例2
将戊酸0.1g、十七烷0.01g、四甲基吡嗪0.1g、溴氰菊酯1g混合，分别加入助剂醋酸50g、司盘-4010g、乙二醇20g、蔗糖50g、水869g，搅拌充分溶解得到1000g均匀透明的液体制剂，将20毫升此液体用塑料小盆置于韭菜温室棚中，每4平方米放一盆，每周补加20毫升稀释液，60天后测得韭菜蛆的危害率仅为3.6％。
实施例3
将二烯丙基二硫0.1g、二烯丙基四硫0.01g、四甲基吡嗪0.1g、苯乙醇2g、乐果5g混合，分别加入助剂乙酸乙酯10g、吐温-803g、丙酮80g，搅拌充分溶解得到100g均匀透明的液体制剂，按1：100比例兑水稀释，将20毫升稀释液用塑料小盆置于韭菜温室棚中，每4平方米放一盆，每周补加20毫升稀释液，60天后测得韭菜蛆的危害率仅为3.3％。
实施例4
将十七烷0.1g、苯乙醇0.1g、戊酸0.01g、灭蝇胺1g、乙基多杀菌素2g混合，分别加入助剂丁酮10g、吐温-805g、乙醇单甲醚82g，搅拌充分溶解得到100g均匀透明的液体制剂，按1：100比例兑水稀释，将20毫升稀释液用塑料小盆置于露地韭菜田中，每4平方米放一盆，每周补加20毫升稀释液，60天后测得韭菜蛆的危害率仅为4.2％。
实施例5
将二烯丙基二硫0.5g、敌百虫2g、仲丁威3g混合，分别加入助剂醋酸10g、吐温-803g、乙醇81.5g，搅拌充分溶解得到100g均匀透明的液体制剂，按1：200比例兑水稀释，将20毫升稀释液用塑料小盆置于露地韭菜田中，每4平方米放一盆，每周补加20毫升稀释液，60天后测得韭菜蛆的危害率仅为4.4％。
实施例6
将二烯丙基二硫2g、四甲基吡嗪2g、戊酸1g、灭蝇胺5g、溴氰菊酯2g混合，分别加入助剂醋酸15g、吐温-805g、丙三醇2g，搅拌充分溶解得到油相组分，将油相加入到66g水中，通过6000转/分钟高速剪切搅拌乳化5分钟，得到100g白色均相乳状液体制剂，按1：100比例兑水稀释，将20毫升稀释液用塑料小盆置于露地韭菜田中，每4平方米放一盆，每周补加20毫升稀释液，60天后测得韭菜蛆的危害率仅为4.2％。
实施例7
将戊酸0.1、十七烷0.1、四甲基吡嗪0.1、苯乙醇0.5g、溴氰菊酯1g，敌百虫5g混合，分别加入助剂醋酸10g、吐温-805g、乙醇30g，搅拌充分溶解得到均匀透明的液体，然后将液体加入到含有可溶性淀粉100g、奶粉48.2g中充分吸附混合均匀，经过垂式粉碎机粉碎后捏合，然后通过挤压造粒制备成直径为3-5毫米的诱杀剂颗粒200g。使用时按1：50比例兑水稀释，颗粒剂崩解在水中形成乳状液，将20毫升乳状液用塑料小盆置于露地韭菜田中，每4平方米放一盆，每周补加20毫升乳状液，60天后测得韭菜蛆的危害率仅为3.7％。
实施例8
将二烯丙基二硫3g、二烯丙基四硫1g、十七烷1g、敌百虫5g、灭蝇胺5g混合，分别加入助剂醋酸20g、乙醇60g搅拌充分溶解得到均匀透明的液体，然后将液体加入到含有酵母粉100g、奶粉100g、小麦粉705g中充分吸附混合均匀，经过垂式粉碎机粉碎得到固体粉剂1000g，将20g粉剂用塑料小盆置于韭菜温室棚中，每4平方米放一盆，每二周补加20g，60天后测得韭菜蛆的危害率仅为4.8％。
实施例9
将十七烷0.5g、四甲基吡嗪0.5g、苯乙醇1g、敌百虫5g、乙基多杀菌素2g混合，分别加入助剂醋酸20g、丙酮30g搅拌充分溶解得到均匀透明的液体，然后将液体加入到含有乳糖100g、大豆粉100g、大米粉741g中充分吸附混合均匀，经过垂式粉碎机粉碎得到固体粉剂1000g，将20g粉剂用塑料小盆置于露地韭菜田中，每4平方米放一盆，每二周补加20g，60天后测得韭菜蛆的危害率仅为4.2％。
实验结果表明：实施例1-9与对照例相比，由于在诱杀剂中使用了二烯丙基二硫、二烯丙基三硫、二烯丙基四硫、戊酸、十七烷、四甲基吡嗪和苯乙醇等引诱剂中的一种或几种的混合物，田间药效试验结果表现出较好韭菜保苗率，说明本发明的诱杀剂组合物对韭菜蛆具有较好的诱杀效果。

Claims (10)

1.一种韭菜蛆诱杀剂，其活性组分为引诱剂和杀灭剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的韭菜蛆诱杀剂，其特征在于：所述引诱剂与杀灭剂的质量比为0.05:1。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的韭菜蛆诱杀剂，其特征在于：所述韭菜蛆诱杀剂的剂型为液体制剂，其组成包括下述重量份数的组分：以总重量份100份计，0.0001-5.0重量份的引诱剂、0.001-10.0重量份的杀灭剂及余量的溶剂和助剂；优选地，所述引诱剂为0.021-5重量份；所述杀灭剂为0.1-10重量份。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的韭菜蛆诱杀剂，其特征在于：所述韭菜蛆诱杀剂的剂型为固体制剂，其组成包括下述重量份数的组分：以总重量份100份计，0.0001-5.0重量份的引诱剂、0.001-10.0重量份的杀灭剂及余量的溶剂、助剂和固体载体；优选地，所述引诱剂为0.021-5重量份；所述杀灭剂为0.1-10重量份。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的韭菜蛆诱杀剂，其特征在于：所述引诱剂选自下述至少一种：二烯丙基二硫、二烯丙基三硫、二烯丙基四硫、戊酸、十七烷、四甲基吡嗪和苯乙醇；
所述杀灭剂为农药，选自下述至少一种：敌百虫、灭蝇胺、溴氰菊酯、仲丁威、乐果和乙基多杀菌素。
6.根据权利要求3或4所述的韭菜蛆诱杀剂，其特征在于：所述助剂选自下述至少一种：聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、羧甲基纤维素、羧乙基纤维素、黄原胶、阿拉伯胶、明胶、海藻酸、吐温和司盘；
所述溶剂选自下述至少一种：水、醋酸、乙醇、异丙醇、丁醇、二氧六环、萘、甲基萘、N－甲基吡咯烷酮、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、丁酮、苯乙酮、乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、辛醇和乙二醇醚类。
7.根据权利要求4所述的韭菜蛆诱杀剂，其特征在于：所述固体载体选自下述至少一种：蔗糖、乳糖、麦芽糖、葡萄糖、酵母粉、奶粉、芝麻粉、核桃粉、豆粉、小麦粉、红薯粉、马铃薯粉和大米粉。
8.制备权利要求3所述的韭菜蛆诱杀剂的方法，包括：将各组分混合，搅拌溶解得到均匀透明液体即可，或将各组分混合，高速剪切搅拌乳化得到乳状液即可。
9.制备权利要求4所述的韭菜蛆诱杀剂的方法，包括：将除固体载体的其余各组分混合得到混合液，再所述混合液吸附到所述固体载体上，粉碎后得到粉剂即可，或粉碎后捏合、挤压造粒得到颗粒剂即可。
10.权利要求1-7中任一项所述的韭菜蛆诱杀剂在防治韭菜蛆方面的应用。
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