CN104170814A - 一种韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的监测诱杀技术 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的监测诱杀技术以糖醋酒液作为诱集试液,在拱棚内将新配制的糖醋酒液加入敞口盆中,并加入添加物制成标准诱集盆,将诱集盆置于韭菜畦中。本发明在不增加成本的基础上提高监测韭菜迟眼蕈蚊发生及诱杀效果的新技术,不仅适合基层植物保护部门对害虫发生规律的监测,还特别适合基层农业生产者对害虫的防治。并且该发明中涉及到的糖醋酒液无毒无害对植物生长有良好的促进作用。此法为监测害虫种群动态及诱杀防治的较为精确的试验方法之一。
Description
技术领域:
本发明涉及农业生产领域,尤其涉及一种韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的监测诱杀技术。
背景技术:
韭菜迟眼蕈蚊主要危害韭菜、大葱、洋葱、小葱、大蒜等百合科蔬菜,偶尔也危害莴苣、青菜、芹菜等,分布于北京、天津、山东、山西、辽宁、江西、宁夏、内蒙古、浙江、台湾等地,是葱蒜类蔬菜的主要害虫之一。虫态有成虫、卵、幼虫、蛹,以幼虫聚集在韭菜地下部的鳞茎和柔嫩的茎部为害。初孵幼虫先为害韭菜叶鞘基部和鳞茎的上端。春、秋两季主要为害韭菜的幼茎引起腐烂,使韭叶枯黄而死。夏季幼虫向下活动蛀入鳞茎,重者鳞茎腐烂,整墩韭菜死亡。
在农业生产中对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的防治方法主要有:冬灌或春灌减少幼虫数量和韭菜萌发前,起土翻晒晾根,干死幼虫这两种方法。但以此方法进行防治的过程中带来劳动量大,防治效果不理想的问题,并且不适合基层植物保护部门对害虫发生规律的监测。
发明内容:
为解决上述问题,本发明的韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的监测诱杀技术是以诱虫量判断韭菜迟眼蕈蚊对添加牛粪的糖醋酒液是否产生趋避性的测定技术。以糖醋酒液作为诱集试液,在拱棚内将新配制的糖醋酒液加入敞口盆中,并加入添加物制成标准诱集盆,将诱集盆置于韭菜畦中。
作为优选,糖醋酒水按5∶5∶3∶10配制的试液600ml加入直径21cm,高6.5cm的敞口盆中加入用200目纱布捆扎的添加物,置于韭菜畦中。
作为优选,添加物为常见农家肥牛粪,加入量为600ml糖醋酒液中加入牛粪10-240g。
作为优选,拱棚中温度为25-30℃,湿度为20%-30%。
作为优选,监测诱杀技术具体步骤如下:
(1)配置糖醋酒液,将糖醋酒水按5∶5∶3∶10配制的试液600ml加入直径21cm,高6.5cm的塑料盆中,然后加入用200目纱布捆扎的添加物;
(2)将糖醋酒液在温度为25-30℃,湿度为20%-30%的拱棚内韭菜畦中连续诱集9天;
(3)每天定时带回诱集盆中诱集到的成虫,实验室内置于直径为12cm,高2cm并加入3/4清水的培养皿中,放大镜下辨别、清点韭菜迟眼蕈蚊虫数,以判断该虫趋避性。
本发明的有益效果在于:
(1)本发明在不增加成本的基础上提高监测韭菜迟眼蕈蚊发生及诱杀效果的新技术,不仅适合基层植物保护部门对害虫发生规律的监测,还特别适合基层农业生产者对害虫的防治。
(2)本发明所涉及的诱集试液糖醋酒液是一种物理诱杀液,糖醋液对靶标害虫有很好的选择性,对人畜和天敌安全,不污染环境,无残留,不降低农产品的品质,有机蔬菜生产中喷洒高浓度的糖醋液,有利于促进作物生长,防止老化,增加果实亮度,降低果实酸度,低浓度喷洒可抑制作物生长,防止倒伏,防治病虫害。
(3)本发明的韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的监测诱杀技术可较快识别目标害虫并区分雌雄虫,此法为监测害虫种群动态及诱杀防治的较为精确的试验方法之一。
具体实施方式:
本发明提供一种在不增加成本的基础上提高监测韭菜迟眼蕈蚊发生及诱杀效果的新技术。它是在拱棚内将新配制的一定比例的糖醋酒液,按一定液量加入敞口盆中并加入牛粪制成标准诱集盆,将诱集盆置于韭菜畦中,定时取回诱集到的成虫之后,通过检查诱虫量,与单纯糖醋酒液诱集盆诱虫量做对比,从而对害虫的趋避性进行评价。它不仅适合基层植物保护部门对害虫发生规律的监测,还特别适合基层农业生产者对害虫的防治。
本发明所采用的添加物质为常见农家肥牛粪,其中添加牛粪的糖醋酒液诱集效果高于单纯糖醋酒液11.1%。此外,还筛选了牛粪的加入量及持效期,主要是为了避免肥料和液体变质而影响诱集监测结果。通过筛选牛粪加入量,选择了加入范围,其重量为600ml糖醋酒液中加入牛粪10-240g,最佳重量为80g。加入该重量的糖醋酒液在棚中温度为25-30℃,湿度为20%-30%连续诱集9天,其诱集结果经方差分析连续6天差异不显著,表明不考虑蒸发量时在80g牛粪加入量的糖醋酒液可以使用6天而不影响测定结果。
本发明所涉及的容器和调查方法为:将糖醋酒水按5∶5∶3∶10配制的试液600ml加入直径21cm,高6.5cm的塑料盆中,然后加入用200目纱布捆扎的添加物,置于韭菜畦中。每天定时带回诱集盆中诱集到的成虫,实验室内置于直径为12cm,高2cm并加入3/4清水的培养皿中,放大镜下辨别、清点韭菜迟眼蕈蚊虫数,以判断该虫趋避性。
实施例一
将600ml糖醋酒液(糖∶醋∶酒∶水=5∶5∶3∶10)置于直径21cm,高6.5cm的塑料盆中,其处理为盆中加入80g牛粪,以单独糖醋酒液盆诱虫量为对照,重复3次,随机排布于韭菜棚中,每天定时收回诱虫并记录棚内温湿度,实验室内清点虫数,持续1个月:对照盆诱虫量均数为18头/盆,添加牛粪的诱集盆诱虫量均数为20头/盆,高于对照11.1%。
实施例二
将分别添加牛粪10g、20g、40g、80g的糖醋酒液诱集盆随机区组排布于韭菜棚中,每处理各重复3次,每三天更换诱集盆中物质、收回诱虫并记录棚内温湿度,实验室内清点虫数,连续3次。以添加10g牛粪糖醋酒液诱虫量为对照进行数据处理,具体结果见表1。
表1:
添加不同重量牛粪的糖醋酒液 | 诱虫量 |
20g | 15a±3 |
40g | 22a±18 |
80g | 71b±22 |
从表1可知,随着糖醋酒液中肥料重量的增加,诱虫数量明显增加,添加80g牛粪的糖醋酒液诱虫量与其它两种添加量的糖醋酒液诱虫量存在显著差异。
实施例三
将分别添加牛粪10g、80g、160g、240g的糖醋酒液诱集盆随机区组排布于韭菜棚中,每处理各重复3次,每三天更换诱集盆中物质、收回诱虫并记录棚内温湿度,实验室内清点虫数,连续3次。以添加10g牛粪糖醋酒液诱虫量为对照进行数据处理,具体结果见表2。
表2:
添加不同重量牛粪的糖醋酒液 | 诱虫量 |
80g | 39a±19 |
160g | 30a±16 |
240g | 24a±8 |
从表2可知,牛粪添加量超过80g后随着糖醋酒液中肥料量的增加,诱虫数量逐渐减少,故最佳诱虫组合为添加80g牛粪的糖醋酒液。
实施例四
将最佳诱虫组合600ml糖醋酒液+80g牛粪放置拱棚韭菜畦,连续9天调查诱虫量,诱虫量虽有减少,但前6天虫数间无显著差异,因此,如表3所示,在600ml糖醋酒液中添加80g牛粪可持续6天对诱虫试验结果没有显著影响。
表3:
日期 | 诱虫量 |
5.15-5.17 | 115a±6 |
5.17-5.20 | 110a±4 |
5.20-5.23 | 92b±6 |
Claims (5)
1.一种韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的监测诱杀技术,以糖醋酒液作为诱集试液,其特征在于:在拱棚内将新配制的糖醋酒液加入敞口盆中,并加入添加物制成标准诱集盆,将诱集盆置于韭菜畦中。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的监测诱杀技术,其特征在于:所述糖醋酒水按5∶5∶3∶10配制的试液600ml加入直径21cm,高6.5cm的敞口盆中加入用200目纱布捆扎的添加物,置于韭菜畦中。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的监测诱杀技术,其特征在于:所述添加物为常见农家肥牛粪,加入量为600ml糖醋酒液中加入牛粪10-240g。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的监测诱杀技术,其特征在于:所述拱棚中温度为25-30℃,湿度为20%-30%。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的监测诱杀技术,其特征在于:监测诱杀技术具体步骤如下:
(1)配置糖醋酒液,将糖醋酒水按5∶5∶3∶10配制的试液600ml加入直径21cm,高6.5cm的塑料盆中,然后加入用200目纱布捆扎的添加物;
(2)将糖醋酒液在温度为25-30℃,湿度为20%-30%的拱棚内韭菜畦中连续诱集9天;
(3)每天定时带回诱集盆中诱集到的成虫,实验室内置于直径为12cm,高2cm并加入3/4清水的培养皿中,放大镜下辨别、清点
(4)韭菜迟眼蕈蚊虫数,以判断该虫趋避性。
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CN105660686B (zh) * | 2015-12-31 | 2017-12-15 | 北京市植物保护站 | 一种韭菜蛆诱杀剂及其制备方法与应用 |
CN108633883A (zh) * | 2018-04-16 | 2018-10-12 | 林立查 | 用于山茱萸虫害防治的环保试剂 |
CN114982760A (zh) * | 2022-05-16 | 2022-09-02 | 北京中农绿安有机农业科技有限公司 | 一种韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫诱食剂及诱饵诱集率的测定方法 |
CN114982760B (zh) * | 2022-05-16 | 2023-07-28 | 北京中农绿安有机农业科技有限公司 | 一种韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫诱食剂及诱饵诱集率的测定方法 |
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