It is a kind of to remove tritiated common loop reactor and its implementation for water
Technical field
The present invention relates to chemical industry and nuclear technology and apparatus field, and in particular to be a kind of to remove tritiated interior circulation for water
Reactor and its implementation.
Background technology
Tritium is the radio isotope of hydrogen, all most important in military project and nuclear power field.Nuclear weapon are manufactured and fusion reactor fortune
Row can all be related to the operation of a large amount of tritiums, and part tritium is final to be existed in tritiated water form;Nuclear power station running can also be produced largely
Tritium-containing liquid waste.If these tritium-containing liquid wastes cannot be handled rationally, it will cause serious environmental pollution.Meanwhile, tritium is certainly
Extremely micro element in right boundary, itself has high value, and the recovery containing tritium in HTO is with very high economic value.
Therefore, efficient, energy-saving and environmental protection, the water of low cost are developed and go tritiated technology and equipment, for reclaiming containing the tritium element in HTO,
And make to reach discharge index containing HTO, all have very important significance.
Liquid-phase catalysis exchange(LPCE)Technology is that the water of current relative maturity goes tritiated technology, using the catalysis of multi-section serial
Exchange column is to realize higher reaction efficiency and treating capacity, but the technology is disadvantageous in that equipment is complicated, setting height(from bottom)
High, high processing costs;And the Pt base catalyst used is expensive, the exchange column catalyst filling total amount of multi-section serial is big, takes
With height;Meanwhile, the liquid phase residence time is difficult to control in exchange column, it is impossible to low HTO and containing tritium after the quantitative reaction of control exactly
The tritium level of hydrogen.
Therefore, it is necessary to go tritiated technology to be improved in existing water.
The content of the invention
For above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides it is a kind of for water go tritiated common loop reactor and its
Implementation method, can easily and accurately control the tritium level of liquid phase after reaction.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
It is a kind of to go tritiated common loop reactor, including top cover, outer barrel, center air inlet pipe, the air inlet of annular space area for water
Pipe, sintered plate, the guide shell with pod apertures, θ ring fillers, water inlet pipe containing HTO, the gas containing hydrogen tritide for being coated with hydrophobic catalyst
Blast pipe, annular tube type distributor and low HTO outlet pipe;The top cover is arranged at the top of outer barrel, and the annular tube type distributor is located at
Outer barrel and close top cover, the water inlet pipe containing HTO and hydrogen purge pipe containing tritium then penetrate top cover and connected with outer barrel
Lead to, and water inlet pipe containing HTO is also connected with annular tube type distributor;The guide shell is arranged on outer barrel bottom, and by outer barrel
Interior bottom portion space is divided into center and annular space area, and the center air inlet pipe is penetrated by outer barrel bottom and connected with guide shell
It is logical, for being passed through high-purity hydrogen into center;Annular space area air inlet pipe is connected with outer barrel bottom, for being passed through to annular space area
High-purity hydrogen;The sintered plate is fixed on outer barrel, and below guide shell, outer barrel bottom is separated out a hydrogen by it
Air inlet buffers cavity;The θ ring fillers are filled in center and annular space area respectively;The low HTO outlet pipe and outer drum outer wall
Connect and connected with annular space area.
Further, the θ ring fillers are by blanket of glass wool or 80~200 mesh stainless steel cloths, and coated Pt bases are hydrophobic to urge
Agent, cutting and molding are made.
Preferably, the ratio of height to diameter of the θ ring fillers is 1~1.2.
Preferably, the filling of the θ ring fillers is highly no more than guide shell height.
Yet further, present invention additionally comprises temperature-controlling system, the temperature-controlling system includes being enclosed on outside outer barrel and in symmetrical half
The heater of circular ring, the solid-state relay being connected with the heater, and the PID temperature controls being connected with the solid-state relay
Instrument.
Further, the silicon for being 2 cm as heat-insulation layer and thickness is also enclosed with outside the heater and outer barrel
Sour aluminum fiber cotton layer.
Preferably, the cross-sectional area ratio of the annular space area and center is 2.5~5.
Based on the structure of above-mentioned reactor, it is used for the realization that water removes tritiated common loop reactor present invention also offers this
Method, comprises the following steps:
(1)Pressurize test is carried out to common loop reactor, and its inside is vacuumized, until vacuum reaches 5Pa
Below;
(2)Start temperature-controlling system, outer barrel is preheated;
(3)After preheating terminates, high-purity hydrogen is passed through into center and annular space area respectively, then introduces pending containing tritium
The hydrogen superficial gas velocity in water, area of control centre and annular space area, forms center Airlift circulating, and control liquid level containing HTO not
More than the 20% of reactor outer barrel internal diameter, make to carry out hydrogen isotopic exchange reaction containing HTO and high-purity hydrogen, obtain gas containing hydrogen tritide with
Low HTO;In the step, center liquid phase is flowed up, and liquid phase is influenceed after highly exceeding guide shell by gravity, in annular space area
Flow downward, and when reaching water conservancy diversion hole site, promoted, flowed into from annular space area through pod apertures by pod apertures pressure at both sides difference
Center, forms circulation;
(4)To contain hydrogen tritide gas discharge, and continue cycling through be passed through to center and annular space area and low HTO react, Ran Houjian
The tritium level of low HTO outlet pipe aqueous phase is surveyed, until discharging low HTO and gas containing hydrogen tritide when meeting tritium concentration index.
Further, the step(3)In, high-purity hydrogen enters interior circulation through center air inlet pipe, annular space area air inlet pipe
In the hydrogen gas buffering cavity of reactor bottom, and by the homogeneous bubble of sintered plate formation distribution, subsequently into center
In annular space area.
Yet further, the step(4)In, the discharge of low HTO can be using processing mode intermittently or serially;Between
Have a rest operation when, disposably injected in circulation flow reactor and enough pending contain in HTO, reacted device repeatedly circular response, prison
Survey low HTO concentration to touch the mark, the low HTO of the batch is all drawn, progress is repeated;During continuous operation, slowly smoothly
Instillation is pending to contain HTO, and hydrogen isotopic exchange is carried out after being mixed with the low HTO in reactor, in the extraction mouth monitoring of low HTO
Tritium concentration, and continuously draw the low HTO for meeting tritium concentration index, it is ensured that it is continuous while circulation flow reactor continuous and steady operation
Low HTO needed for discharge.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1)Circular fluidic flow in reactor of the present invention, the liquid phase residence time is long, and gas holdup is high, and mass tranfer coefficient is high,
θ ring fillers provide substantial amounts of reaction surface simultaneously, and Gas-liquid interfacial area is big so that the efficiency of hydrogen isotope reaction is obtained
It is obviously improved.
(2)Under conditions of hydrogen superficial gas velocity, formation center Airlift circulating in area of control centre and annular space area, this hair
Directed flow and circulation, and the residence time of controllable liquid phase occur for the bright HTO that contains for making to be passed into outer barrel, so that convenient,
The concentration of tritium in liquid phase after reaction is controlled exactly.
(3)The present invention using liquid phase circulation flowing by the way of, compared to liquid phase be catalyzed exchange process plural serial stage friendship
Post is changed, height for reactor can be significantly reduced, simple in construction, equipment investment is few.Catalyst filling amount is few simultaneously, can significantly drop
The use cost of low Pt bases catalyst.
(4)The present invention is also provided with temperature-controlling system, and the heating to outer barrel can be achieved, not only thermal-stable, temperature control essence
Degree is high, heating effect is good, and can conveniently adjust the temperature in reactor.Meanwhile, using the thick aluminosilicate fiber cottons of 2 cm
Layer, it is ensured that the temperature stabilization of common loop reactor, reduces the heat exchange of reactor and environment, improves the energy-conservation effect of reactor
Rate.
(5)Of the invention ingenious in design, compact conformation, simple operation, operating flexibility is big and reaction efficiency is high, can be ideally
The drawbacks of solving prior art, significantly reduces equipment and the cost of catalyst.Therefore, the technological progress is obvious, with prominent
Substantive distinguishing features and significant progress, are highly suitable in association area carrying out popularization and application.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the invention.
Liquid phase circulation schematic diagram when Fig. 2 is present invention work.
Fig. 3 is three-dimensional front-view of the invention.
Fig. 4 is three dimensional sectional view of the invention.
Wherein, reference is corresponding entitled:
1- centers air inlet pipe;2- annular spaces area air inlet pipe;3- sintered plates;4- guide shells;5- outer barrels;6- θ ring fillers;7- contains
HTO water inlet pipe;8- gas containing hydrogen tritide discharge line;9- annular tube type distributors;10- heaters;11- aluminosilicate fiber cottons layer;12-
Low HTO outlet pipe.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described with embodiment for explanation below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and mode of the invention includes but not only limited
In following examples.
As shown in figure 1, the invention provides a kind of new reactor, achievable water go it is tritiated, the present invention include top cover,
Outer barrel 5, center air inlet pipe 1, annular space area air inlet pipe 2, sintered plate 3, the guide shell 4 with pod apertures, it is coated with hydrophobic catalyst
θ ring fillers 6, water inlet pipe containing HTO 7, hydrogen purge pipe containing tritium 8, annular tube type distributor 9, low HTO outlet pipe 12 and the temperature control of agent
System.
The top cover, outer barrel 5, guide shell 4 and hydrogen gas cushion chamber constitute common loop reactor main body, wherein, outer barrel
Made using stainless steel or quartz material, and top cover is arranged on the top of outer barrel 5, guide shell 4 is then arranged on the interior bottom portion of outer barrel 5,
And outer barrel bottom space is divided into center and annular space area.The annular tube type distributor 9 is located at the inside of outer barrel 5 and close
Top cover, the water inlet pipe containing HTO 7 and hydrogen purge pipe containing tritium 8 then penetrate top cover and connected with outer barrel, and containing HTO
Water inlet pipe 7 is also connected with annular tube type distributor 9.Water inlet pipe containing HTO 7 is used to be passed through containing HTO.
The center air inlet pipe 1 is penetrated by the bottom of outer barrel 5 and connected with guide shell 4, for being passed through height into center
Pure hydrogen;Annular space area air inlet pipe 2 is connected with the bottom of outer barrel 5, for being passed through high-purity hydrogen to annular space area.What is be passed through is high-purity
Hydrogen will be contacted with containing HTO, and occur hydrogen isotopic exchange reaction.The sintered plate 3 is quartzy sintered plate, and it is fixed outside
Inside cylinder 5, and positioned at the lower section of guide shell 4, the hydrogen gas buffering cavity is separated out by the sintered plate 3 in the bottom of outer barrel 5.Institute
Low HTO outlet pipe 12 is stated then to be connected and connect with annular space area with the outer wall of outer barrel 5.
The θ ring fillers 6 are filled in center and annular space area respectively.In the present embodiment, θ ring fillers 6 are by blanket of glass wool
Or 80~200 mesh stainless steel cloths, ratio of height to diameter is 1~1.2, its coated Pt bases hydrophobic catalyst, cutting and molding system
, and the filling of θ ring fillers 6 is highly no more than guide shell height, to provide the reaction surface of abundance, and controls bubble
Size and it is uniformly distributed.And annular space area amount of filler is 2.5~5 times of cross-sectional area ratios of center, and the region liquid phase is inverse
Stream contact, liquid phase flow rate is slow, further increases reaction efficiency.
Described temperature-controlling system is used to ensure the temperature conditionss needed for reaction, and it includes being enclosed on outside outer barrel 5 and in symmetrical
The heater 10 of semi-annular shape structure, the solid-state relay being connected with the heater 10, and be connected with the solid-state relay
PID temperature controllers.In addition, heater and outer barrel outer surface are enclosed with heat-insulation layer, the present embodiment, heat-insulation layer is thick using 2 cm
Aluminosilicate fiber cotton layer 11.
The workflow to the present invention describes in detail below.
First, pressurize test is carried out to mounted common loop reactor and supporting pipeline and after-treatment system, and
To being vacuumized in outer barrel 5, until vacuum reaches below 5Pa, it is ensured that equipment safety during handling hydrogen.
Then, start temperature-controlling system, outer barrel is preheated.After preheating terminates, pass through center air inlet pipe 1 and ring
Gap area air inlet pipe 2 is passed through high-purity hydrogen into center and annular space area.
Then, pending tritium-containing liquid waste is introduced from water inlet pipe containing HTO 7, it is then slowly flat through annular tube type distributor 9
Quietly instill to annular space area, the hydrogen superficial gas velocity in area of control centre and annular space area forms center Airlift circulating.The height of entrance
Pure hydrogen is first into hydrogen gas buffering cavity, and then the sintered formation of plate 3 size is smaller, it is laggard to be distributed homogeneous bubble
Enter in circulation center area and annular space area.Fully reacted with high-purity hydrogen containing HTO, obtain gas containing hydrogen tritide and low HTO, liquid containing HTO
Position height is no more than the 20% of reactor outer barrel internal diameter.Hydrogen discharge pipe containing tritium at the top of the reacted autoreactor of gas containing hydrogen tritide
Road 8 is drawn, after the gas containing hydrogen tritide of extraction can be pressurizeed by circulating pump, and the inlet channel of autoreactor bottom continues to be incorporated into outside
In cylinder 5, circular response is realized, the content of hydrogen tritium is lifted, and continuously detects the tritium level of low HTO outlet pipe aqueous phase, until symbol
Low HTO is discharged when closing tritium concentration index.
The discharge of above-mentioned low HTO can be using processing mode intermittently or serially;During intermittently operated, in circulation flow reactor
Inside disposably inject it is enough it is pending contain in HTO, reacted device repeatedly circular response, monitor low HTO concentration and touch the mark,
The low HTO of the batch is all drawn, progress is repeated;During continuous operation, slowly smoothly instill it is pending contain HTO, it is and anti-
The low HTO in device is answered to carry out hydrogen isotopic exchange after mixing, in low HTO extraction mouth monitoring tritium concentration, and continuously extraction meets
The low HTO of tritium concentration index, it is ensured that low HTO needed for continuous discharge while circulation flow reactor continuous and steady operation.
In addition, as shown in Fig. 2 in above-mentioned processing procedure, area of control centre high-purity hydrogen superficial gas velocity is higher than annular space area
Gas velocity, center liquid phase gas holdup is high, and aqueous phase is integrally flowed up.When aqueous phase highly exceedes guide shell height, by Action of Gravity Field
Into annular space area.Annular space area is smaller due to hydrogen superficial gas velocity, and aqueous phase is integrally moved down.Reach annular space bottom water conservancy diversion hole site
When, driven by pod apertures pressure at both sides difference, annular space aqueous phase enters center through pod apertures, so as to realize center in reactor
The center gas-lifting type circulation patterns that aqueous phase is moved upwards, annular space is moved downward.And the HTO that contains of reactor head divides through annular tube type
Cloth device 9 instills annular space area, the local lifting tritium concentration of annular space area aqueous phase, causes liquid phase mass transfer and reaction motive force increase,
So as to further improve reaction efficiency.Consequently, it is possible to which by controlling liquid circulation speed or residence time, feed speed containing HTO
Rate and low HTO rate of withdraw, and hydrogen gas flow, it is possible to convenient, quantitatively isotope exchanges anti-in control reactor
Process is answered, obtains meeting the low HTO of index and the gas containing hydrogen tritide of high concentration.
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are respectively the three-dimensional front-view and sectional view of common loop reactor.In the present embodiment, interior circulation is anti-
Answer device installation procedure as follows:Guide shell lowermost end sets fluid sealant, and structure is agreed with reference on sintered plate so that guide shell is compressed
Sintered plate, it is ensured that the sealing between guide shell bottommost inner/outer tube.θ ring fillers are loaded, packed height is high no more than guide shell
Degree, is then connected outer barrel and top cover by flange, then installs temperature-controlling system and heat-insulation layer successively.
The present invention is designed by rational structure and operating process, and Gas-liquid interfacial area is big, reaction efficiency is high, and contains
HTO energy directed flow, while the liquid phase residence time can also be controlled, thus operating flexibility is big, can quickly and accurately control anti-
The tritium level of liquid phase after answering.Therefore, the technology of the present invention progress is fairly obvious, goes the design of Tritium reaction device to be lifted in water and arrives
One new height.
Above-described embodiment is only one of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, should not be taken to limit the protection model of the present invention
Enclose, it is all the present invention body design thought and mentally make have no the change of essential meaning or polishing, what it was solved
Technical problem is still consistent with the present invention, should be included within protection scope of the present invention.