CN105650673B - High-temperature air and high-temperature low-oxygen flue gas mixed combustion-supporting type full-automatic control ceramic kiln - Google Patents
High-temperature air and high-temperature low-oxygen flue gas mixed combustion-supporting type full-automatic control ceramic kiln Download PDFInfo
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- CN105650673B CN105650673B CN201610146071.1A CN201610146071A CN105650673B CN 105650673 B CN105650673 B CN 105650673B CN 201610146071 A CN201610146071 A CN 201610146071A CN 105650673 B CN105650673 B CN 105650673B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
- F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
- F23N1/025—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electrical or electromechanical means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2239/00—Fuels
- F23N2239/06—Liquid fuels
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-temperature air and high-temperature low-oxygen flue gas mixed combustion-supporting type full-automatic control ceramic kiln, which comprises a combustion-supporting gas main pipe, a gas main pipe and a kiln body which is divided into a cooling section, a combustion section and a preheating section along the longitudinal direction, wherein the combustion section comprises at least three control subareas, each control subarea comprises a thermocouple, at least five nozzles and a control box, the control box is provided with a box body, a first mixer accommodated in the box body, a combustion-supporting gas control branch pipe penetrating through one side wall of the box body and connected between the first mixer and the combustion-supporting gas main pipe, a gas control branch pipe penetrating through the other side wall of the box body and connected between the first mixer and the gas main pipe, and a mixed gas branch pipe penetrating through one end wall of the box body from the first mixer and extending to the outside of the box body, the combustion-supporting gas control branch pipe is provided with, the mixed gas branch pipes are respectively connected with at least five nozzles.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a ceramic kiln, in particular to a full-automatic control ceramic kiln.
Background
At present, with the increasing market demand of ceramics, ceramic kilns are built longer and wider in cross section, but the temperature in the kilns is difficult to control, and the firing defects such as deformation, color difference and the like caused by non-uniform temperature in the kilns are more and more serious. In addition, the ceramic kiln usually uses fuel gas as a heat source, and whether the proportion of the fuel gas and the combustion-supporting gas is reasonable or not during combustion directly influences the energy consumption. When the combustion-supporting gas amount is too small, the combustion is incomplete, the incomplete combustion product contains a large amount of substances which pollute the environment, and meanwhile, the energy waste is also caused; when the combustion-supporting gas amount is too large, a large amount of heat is taken away when the excessive air combustion-supporting gas is exhausted, and the heat loss is increased. Therefore, it is a focus of attention in the industry to provide a fully automatic control ceramic kiln which can uniform the temperature in the kiln and reduce the energy consumption and pollution at the same time.
For example, chinese patent No. 201110339112.6 discloses a linear proportional control system of combustion air and natural gas for ceramic kiln, which comprises a control unit, a hot air pipeline, a cold air pipeline, and a mixed air pipeline and a natural gas pipeline having outlets connected to a combustion chamber of the ceramic kiln, wherein outlet ends of the cold air pipeline and the hot air pipeline are connected to the mixed air pipeline, and an electric valve is disposed on the cold air pipeline; the mixed air pipeline is provided with a pressurizing fan and a temperature measuring device; the temperature measuring element is arranged on the combustion chamber, the electric valve, the booster fan, the temperature measuring device and the temperature measuring element are all connected with the control unit, and the natural gas pipeline and the mixed air pipeline are connected with each other through the pressure regulating valve. However, the linear proportional control system of combustion air and natural gas applied to the ceramic kiln has the following disadvantages or shortcomings: (1) the proportion between the mixed air and the natural gas is controlled only by using the pipe diameters, which are different from the pipe diameters, of the natural gas pipe, of the mixed air pipe, and when the temperature changes, the mixed air and the natural gas are difficult to accurately achieve the optimal air-fuel ratio; (2) the pressure regulating valve is adopted to control the air pressure of the mixed air and the natural gas to control the temperature in the kiln to be uniform, the control effect is poor, the effect of conversion between the pressure and the temperature is not obvious, and the reaction speed is slow. Therefore, the temperature change in the kiln cannot be effectively controlled in time.
Also, as disclosed in chinese patent No. 201320216754.1, an energy saving device for adjusting the oxygen content of hot air in a ceramic kiln is disclosed, wherein the ceramic kiln is a high temperature firing zone kiln, and comprises an air intake main pipe for introducing combustion-supporting air into the kiln, air intake branch pipes which are independent from each other and parallel to the air intake main pipe are respectively arranged in each section of kiln with different furnace temperatures, and automatic valves and manual valves are respectively connected between each section of air intake branch pipe and the air intake main pipe at intervals, and the automatic valves and the manual valves can adjust the air intake amount automatically. The structure is provided with the air inlet branch pipe, the automatic valve and the manual valve, so that the combustion-supporting air of each section of kiln can be automatically or manually adjusted, namely the oxygen content of hot air of each section of kiln is flexibly adjusted, and partial coal gas cannot be taken away due to overhigh oxygen content when the hot air is discharged out of the kiln, thereby realizing good energy-saving effect. However, the energy-saving device for adjusting the oxygen content of hot gas on a ceramic kiln in a segmented manner has the following disadvantages or shortcomings: (1) the air quantity of combustion-supporting air can be automatically adjusted only, and the gas quantity can not be adjusted simultaneously, so that the gas and the air can not reach the optimal air-fuel ratio; (2) the quantity of combustion-supporting air is automatically adjusted by monitoring the oxygen content of the air, and the system cannot be automatically adjusted when the temperature of the combustion-supporting air is reduced; (3) and the adjustment of the combustion air amount and the adjustment of the fuel gas amount cannot keep synchronous or follow-up, so that cold air can be blown into the kiln, thereby influencing the combustion efficiency and even the quality of ceramic products.
For another example, chinese patent No. 201410171369.9 discloses a sectional type ceramic kiln gas and air linkage control system, which includes a kiln body, an air main, a gas main, a first thermocouple, and at least three control sections, each control section includes: an air branch pipe; an air electric valve and a flow meter which are arranged on a connecting pipeline between the air branch main pipes; at least three air input pipes connected between the air branch pipes and the air inlets; a gas branch pipe; the gas electric valve and the flow meter are arranged on a connecting pipeline between the gas branch main pipes; at least three gas input pipes connected between the gas branch pipes and the gas inlets; a second thermocouple for measuring zonal temperatures within the kiln body. The control center couples and controls the opening of the air electric valve according to the gas flow data and the air temperature data in the air main pipe obtained by the first thermocouple, so that the air mass flow data obtained by the air flow meter and the gas mass flow data obtained by the gas flow meter reach the optimal air-fuel ratio preset by the system. However, the gas and air linkage control system of the sectional type ceramic kiln has the following disadvantages or shortcomings: (1) only the hot air after heat exchange can be independently used as combustion-supporting gas, but a large amount of high-temperature low-oxygen flue gas discharged by the ceramic kiln furnace is not fully utilized as auxiliary combustion-supporting gas; (2) the first thermocouple can only measure air temperature data in the air main pipe, but cannot measure air temperature data in each air branch pipe with temperature difference with the air main pipe, and errors exist when air-fuel ratio is adjusted; (3) and a large amount of air input pipes and fuel gas input pipes are required to be arranged on the kiln body, so that the assembly is complicated and the structure is complex.
Therefore, the problem that the full-automatic control ceramic kiln capable of saving energy and reducing emission is urgently needed to be solved in the industry is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-temperature air and high-temperature low-oxygen flue gas mixed combustion-supporting type full-automatic control ceramic kiln which can fully utilize the heat of high-temperature flue gas, can control the temperature in the ceramic kiln in time and can realize the optimal air-fuel ratio under any load.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a high temperature air and high temperature low oxygen flue gas mixed combustion-supporting type full-automatic control ceramic kiln, which comprises a kiln body, a combustion-supporting gas main pipe and a gas main pipe, wherein a hearth is arranged inside the kiln body, the kiln body is divided into a cooling section, a combustion section and a preheating section along a longitudinal direction, the combustion section comprises at least three control subareas sequentially arranged along the longitudinal direction of the kiln body, and the high temperature air and high temperature low oxygen flue gas mixed combustion-supporting type full-automatic control ceramic kiln comprises, corresponding to each control subarea: the thermocouple is arranged on the side wall of the kiln body of each control subarea to obtain subarea temperature data in the combustion section corresponding to each control subarea; at least five nozzles are arranged on the side wall of the kiln body of each control partition at intervals; the control box is provided with a box body, a first mixer accommodated in the box body, a combustion-supporting gas control branch pipe penetrating through one side wall of the box body and connected between the first mixer and a combustion-supporting gas main pipe, a gas control branch pipe penetrating through the other side wall of the box body and connected between the first mixer and the gas main pipe, and a mixed gas branch pipe extending from the first mixer to the outside of the box body after penetrating through one end wall of the box body, wherein a first electric valve and a first thermometer are arranged on the combustion-supporting gas control branch pipe outside the box body, a first flowmeter is arranged on the combustion-supporting gas control branch pipe inside the box body, a second electric valve and a second flowmeter are arranged on the gas control branch pipe outside the box body, and the mixed gas branch pipe outside the box body is respectively connected with at least five nozzles so as to inject gas and combustion-supporting; the first electric valve and the second electric valve of each control zone are independently controlled, so that the opening degree of the first electric valve is changed along with the change of the opening degree of the second electric valve according to a preset air-fuel ratio set by a control center.
Optionally, the first mixer is provided with a combustion-supporting gas inlet, a fuel gas inlet and a mixed gas outlet, the combustion-supporting gas inlet is connected with the combustion-supporting gas control branch pipe, the fuel gas inlet is connected with the fuel gas control branch pipe, and the mixed gas outlet is connected with the mixed gas branch pipe.
Alternatively, the temperatures in the kiln body corresponding to the control sections may be set to be different from each other, for example, the temperatures in the combustion sections corresponding to at least three control sections are set to gradually increase from the side adjacent to the cooling section to the side adjacent to the preheating section, or the temperature of the central control section is set to be higher than the temperatures of the control sections on the two sides. Of course, the temperature in the kiln body corresponding to each control partition can be set arbitrarily according to the specific process requirements.
Preferably, the high-temperature air and high-temperature low-oxygen flue gas mixed combustion-supporting type full-automatic control ceramic kiln comprises five or more control subareas.
Preferably, the ends of at least five nozzles are connected to the pipe wall of the mixer branch.
Optionally, the device further comprises a second mixer for providing mixed combustion-supporting gas for the combustion-supporting gas main pipe, the second mixer is provided with a hot flue gas inlet, a hot air inlet and an air-flue gas mixture outlet, the hot flue gas inlet is connected with the flue gas pipeline of the preheating section through a flue gas backflow pipeline, the hot air inlet is connected with the cooling air outlet of the cooling section through a hot air connecting pipeline, and the air-flue gas mixture outlet is connected with the combustion-supporting gas main pipe through a pipeline.
Preferably, the preheating section is provided with a flue gas outlet, the flue gas pipeline is connected between the flue gas outlet and the chimney, and the flue gas return line is connected to the side wall of the flue gas pipeline, wherein flue gas accounting for about 15-30% (by volume) of the total amount of flue gas in the flue gas pipeline flows back to the second mixer through the flue gas return line.
Preferably, the cooling section is provided with a cooling air inlet and a cooling air outlet, cold air from the fan enters the cooling section from the cooling air inlet to cool the ceramic and then becomes hot air, and the hot air is conveyed from the cooling air outlet to the second mixer through the hot air connecting pipeline. Alternatively, about 50% to 100% of the total amount of cooling air is delivered to the second mixer, and the rest of the hot air is delivered to the exhaust-heat boiler for heating water.
Optionally, the volume ratio of the hot air to the hot flue gas entering the second mixer per unit time is set to be 2: 1-1: 2, such as 1: 1.
Preferably, hot flue gas with the oxygen content of 13-18 percent (volume) and the temperature of 350-450 ℃ and hot air with the oxygen content of 21 percent and the temperature of 250-350 ℃ respectively enter the second mixer through the flue gas backflow pipeline and the hot air connecting pipeline to form combustion-supporting gas with the oxygen content of 15-20 percent and the temperature of 300-400 ℃.
More preferably, hot flue gas with an oxygen content of 15% at a temperature of 400 ℃ and hot air with an oxygen content of 21% at a temperature of 300 ℃ enter the second mixer through the flue gas return line and the hot air connecting line respectively to form combustion-supporting gas with an oxygen content of 18% at a temperature of 350 ℃.
Optionally, the combustion-supporting gas control branch pipe located inside the box body is provided with an oxygen meter between the first flow meter and the combustion-supporting gas inlet so as to obtain oxygen content data in the combustion-supporting gas.
Optionally, the combustion-supporting gas control branch pipe positioned inside the box body is provided with a first induced draft fan between the first thermometer and the first flowmeter so as to input combustion-supporting gas into the first mixer.
Optionally, a second fan is disposed on the flue gas return line to input hot flue gas into the second mixer, and a third fan is disposed on the hot air connecting line to input hot air into the second mixer.
Alternatively, the preset air-fuel ratio is a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio that is set to become larger as the temperature data of the oxidant gas obtained by the first thermometer increases. This is because the higher the temperature of the oxidant gas, the lower the density and, therefore, the lower the oxygen content per unit flow of the oxidant gas. And if the gas quantity is not changed, the combustion-supporting gas quantity needs to be increased to ensure the combustion-supporting effect.
Alternatively, the preset air-fuel ratio is a product of a theoretical air-fuel ratio set to become larger as the combustion-supporting gas temperature data obtained by the first thermometer increases and a correction coefficient set to decrease as the oxygen content data obtained by the oxygen meter becomes larger.
Alternatively, the second electrically operated valve is set to gradually decrease the opening degree when the section temperature data obtained by the thermocouple is higher than the upper limit of the set temperature range until the section temperature data obtained by the thermocouple is in the set temperature range.
Alternatively, the second electric valve is set to be maximum in opening degree when the difference between the zone temperature data obtained by the thermocouple and the lower limit of the set temperature range is greater than 200 degrees celsius and to be gradually reduced in opening degree when the difference between the zone temperature data and the lower limit of the set temperature range is less than 100 degrees celsius until the zone temperature data obtained by the thermocouple is within the set temperature range.
Alternatively, a thermocouple is arranged in each control zone, the temperature of the thermocouple is converted into an electric signal, the signal is transmitted to a central controller (control center), the central controller controls the opening degree of the corresponding second electric valve of each control zone according to the temperature signal of the central controller, the flow parameter of the fuel gas is transmitted to the central controller through a second flow meter, meanwhile, the flow parameter, the temperature parameter and the oxygen content parameter of the combustion-supporting gas are transmitted to the central controller through a first flow meter, a first thermometer and an oxygen meter, and the central controller independently controls the opening degree of the first electric valve of each control zone according to a set preset air-fuel ratio, so that the optimal ratio of the fuel gas to the combustion-supporting gas is realized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the structure is simple and compact, and the rapid assembly and installation are convenient; (2) the hot flue gas discharged by the ceramic kiln and the hot air formed by heat exchange are fully utilized as mixed combustion-supporting gas, so that the hot flue gas of the ceramic kiln is effectively recycled, the discharge amount of the flue gas is reduced, and energy conservation and environmental protection are realized; (3) when the temperature of the control subarea in the kiln is close to the preset temperature, the opening degree of the second electric valve can be automatically reduced, so that the gas flow is reduced, the opening degree of the first electric valve can be determined according to the reading of the second flowmeter, the reading of the oxygen meter, the reading of the thermometer and the air-fuel ratio, the flow of the mixed combustion-supporting gas can be automatically controlled, stepless speed regulation and automatic control are realized, and the optimal air-fuel ratio can be achieved under any load or working condition; (4) the temperature of each control subarea can be controlled more accurately independently, so that the energy is effectively utilized, and the quality of ceramic products is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-temperature air and high-temperature low-oxygen flue gas mixed combustion-supporting type full-automatic control ceramic kiln.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the construction of the control box of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic map for air-fuel ratio control according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic map of the correction factor selection of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, according to a non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, the combustion-supporting full-automatic controlled ceramic kiln with a mixture of high-temperature air and high-temperature low-oxygen flue gas comprises a kiln body 100, a combustion-supporting gas main pipe 200, and a gas main pipe 300.
The kiln body 100 is provided with a hearth (not numbered) inside, the kiln body 100 is divided into a cooling section 110, a combustion section 120 and a preheating section 130 along the longitudinal direction, and the combustion section 120 includes three control partitions (not numbered) sequentially arranged along the longitudinal direction of the kiln body 100.
The invention relates to a high-temperature air and high-temperature low-oxygen flue gas mixed combustion-supporting type full-automatic control ceramic kiln, which comprises the following control subareas corresponding to each control subarea: a thermocouple 121, a control box 122, and five nozzles 123. Wherein, the thermocouple 121 is arranged on the kiln body side wall of each control partition, so that the partition temperature data in the combustion section 120 corresponding to each control partition can be obtained. As shown in fig. 2, the control box 122 is provided with a box 1221, a first mixer 1222 accommodated in the box 1221, an oxidant gas control branch 1223 connected between the first mixer 1222 and the oxidant gas main pipe 200 through one side wall of the box 1221, a gas control branch 1224 connected between the first mixer 1222 and the gas main pipe 300 through the other side wall of the box 1221, and a mixture gas branch 1225 extending from the first mixer 1222 to the outside of the box 1221 through one end wall of the box 1221. The combustion-supporting gas control branch pipe 1223 located outside the box 1221 is provided with a first electric valve V1 and a first temperature gauge T1, and the combustion-supporting gas control branch pipe 1223 located inside the box 1221 is provided with a first flow meter F1. The gas control branch 1224 located outside the box 1221 is provided with a second electric valve V2 and a second flow meter F2, and the mixed gas branch 1225 located outside the box 1221 is respectively connected with five nozzles 123 arranged on the side wall of the kiln body of each control zone at intervals, so that the gas and the combustion-supporting gas are injected into the hearth for combustion and heat release.
Therefore, the opening degree of the second electric valve V2 in each control zone can be controlled by the three control zones according to the zone temperature data in the corresponding combustion section 120 obtained by the corresponding thermocouple 121, the obtained gas flow data is transmitted to a control center (a central controller, not shown) by the second flow meter F2, and the control center couples and controls the opening degree of the first electric valve V1 in each control zone according to the gas flow data obtained by the second flow meter F2, the combustion-supporting gas flow data in the combustion-supporting gas control branch 1223 obtained by the first flow meter F1 and the combustion-supporting gas temperature data in the combustion-supporting gas control branch 1223 obtained by the first thermometer T1. The mixed gas of the combustion-supporting gas and the fuel gas after the flow rate is adjusted is injected into the hearth through the five nozzles 123 for combustion and heat release, so that the ratio of the combustion-supporting gas flow data obtained by the first flow meter F1 and the fuel gas flow data obtained by the second flow meter F2 in each control subarea reaches the optimal air-fuel ratio preset by the system. The control center performs air-fuel ratio adjustment in accordance with the map shown in fig. 3, specifically, the higher the temperature of the first thermometer T1, the larger the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio is set, and when the opening degree of the second electric valve V2 is changed, the calculated air-fuel ratio obtained from the first flow meter F1 and the second flow meter F2 is made to approach the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio by adjusting the opening degree of the first electric valve V1. For example, the theoretical air-fuel ratio is set to about 1.1 when the temperature of the first thermometer T1 is about 250 degrees Celsius, to about 1.5 when the temperature of the first thermometer T1 is about 450 degrees Celsius, and to vary linearly between 1.1 and 1.5 when the temperature of the first thermometer T1 is between 250 and 450 degrees Celsius.
As an alternative embodiment, in order to fully utilize the hot flue gas of the ceramic kiln, as shown in fig. 1, a second mixer 400 for providing mixed combustion-supporting gas to the combustion-supporting gas manifold 200 is further included, the second mixer 400 is provided with a hot flue gas inlet 401, a hot air inlet 402 and an air-flue gas mixture outlet 403, the hot flue gas inlet 401 is connected with the pipe wall of the flue gas pipe 133 through a flue gas return pipe 404, and the flue gas pipe 133 is connected between the flue gas outlet 131 of the preheating section 130 and a chimney (not shown). The hot air inlet 402 is connected to the cooling air outlet 115 of the cooling stage 110 via a hot air connecting line 405. The air-flue gas mixture outlet 403 is connected to the combustion-supporting gas manifold 200 via a pipeline. Thus, hot flue gas with an oxygen content of 15% at a temperature of about 400 ℃ and hot air with an oxygen content of 21% at a temperature of about 300 ℃ enter the second mixer 400 via the flue gas return line 404 and the hot air connecting line 405, respectively, to form combustion-supporting gas with an oxygen content of about 18% at a temperature of about 350 ℃. Meanwhile, in this non-limiting embodiment, the oxidant gas control branch pipe 1223 located inside the case 1221 is provided with an oxygen meter O capable of obtaining data of the oxygen content in the oxidant gas between the first flow meter F1 and the first mixer 1222.
In this alternative embodiment, the control center also performs air-fuel ratio adjustment in accordance with the map shown in fig. 4, specifically, multiplies the theoretical air-fuel ratio of fig. 3 by a correction coefficient as a corrected theoretical air-fuel ratio, and sets the correction coefficient smaller as the oxygen content measured by the oxygen gauge O is larger. For example, the correction coefficient is set to about 1.5 at an oxygen content of about 15% of the oxygen gauge O, to about 1 at an oxygen content of about 21% of the oxygen gauge O, and to vary linearly between 1.5 and 1 when the oxygen content of the oxygen gauge O is between 15% and 21%. When the opening degree of the second electric valve V2 is changed, the calculated air-fuel ratio obtained from the first flow meter F1 and the second flow meter F2 is made to approach the correction stoichiometric air-fuel ratio by adjusting the opening degree of the first electric valve V1.
In addition, in another alternative embodiment, the combustion-supporting gas control branch 1223 located inside the box 1221 is provided with a first induced draft fan W1 capable of inputting combustion-supporting gas into the first mixer 122 between the first thermometer T1 and the first flowmeter F1. A second fan W2 is provided on the flue gas return line 404 to enable the hot flue gas to be fed into the second mixer 400. A third fan W3 capable of supplying hot air into the second mixer 400 is provided on the hot air connection line 405.
As a specific application example, in the starting stage of the ceramic kiln, after the temperature of the subarea is increased to a preset temperature, the control center adjusts the opening degree of the second electric valve V2 in the corresponding control box to be small, and according to the mapping chart of fig. 3 and/or fig. 4, the control center correspondingly adjusts the opening degree of the corresponding first electric valve V1 to be small, so that the optimal air-fuel ratio is formed between the combustion-supporting gas and the combustion gas, and the control center can adjust the opening degree in multiple times until the temperature of the subarea is stabilized in the set temperature range.
As another specific application example, when the temperature in the combustion section corresponding to a certain control zone of the ceramic kiln needs to be increased, the control center adjusts the opening degree of the second electric valve V2 in the corresponding control box to be larger, and according to the map of fig. 3 and/or fig. 4, the control center correspondingly adjusts the opening degree of the first electric valve V1 to be larger, so that the optimal air-fuel ratio is formed between the combustion-supporting gas and the combustion gas, and the control center can adjust the temperature in multiple times until the temperature in the zone is stabilized within the set temperature range.
As still another alternative, the temperature in the kiln body 100 corresponding to at least three control zones is set to gradually increase from one end of the combustion section 120 to the other end, for example, the furnace temperature of the three control zones shown in fig. 1 sequentially increases by 10 degrees from left to right.
Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail herein, it is to be understood that this invention is not limited to the precise construction herein shown and described in detail, and that other modifications and variations may be effected by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. The utility model provides a high temperature air adds high temperature hypoxemia flue gas and mixes combustion-supporting ceramic kiln automatic control method, ceramic kiln includes that the inside kiln body, combustion-supporting gas house steward and the gas house steward that is equipped with furnace, the kiln body divide into cooling zone, combustion section and preheating section along longitudinal direction, the cooling zone is equipped with cooling air entry and cooling air export, the combustion section includes along the longitudinal direction of the kiln body at least three control subregion of arranging in proper order, ceramic kiln includes corresponding to every control subregion: the thermocouple is arranged on the side wall of the kiln body of each control subarea to obtain subarea temperature data in a combustion section corresponding to each control subarea; the at least five nozzles are arranged on the side wall of the kiln body of each control subarea at intervals;
the ceramic kiln further comprises a control box, the control box is provided with a box body, a first mixer, a combustion-supporting gas control branch pipe, a fuel gas control branch pipe and a mixed gas branch pipe, the first mixer is accommodated in the box body, the combustion-supporting gas control branch pipe penetrates through one side wall of the box body and is connected between the first mixer and the combustion-supporting gas main pipe, the fuel gas control branch pipe penetrates through the other side wall of the box body and is connected between the first mixer and the fuel gas main pipe, the mixed gas branch pipe penetrates through one end wall of the box body and extends to the outside of the box body from the first mixer, a first electric valve and a first thermometer are arranged on the combustion-supporting gas control branch pipe which is positioned outside the box body, a first flowmeter is arranged on the combustion-supporting gas control branch pipe which is positioned inside the box body, a second electric valve and a second flowmeter are arranged on the fuel gas control branch pipe which is positioned outside the box body, and combustion in the chamber is carried out to release heat; the combustion-supporting gas control branch pipe positioned in the box body is provided with an oxygen meter between the first flowmeter and the combustion-supporting gas inlet so as to obtain oxygen content data in the combustion-supporting gas; the combustion-supporting gas control branch pipe positioned in the box body is provided with a first induced draft fan between the first thermometer and the first flowmeter so as to input combustion-supporting gas into the first mixer;
the first mixer is provided with a combustion-supporting gas inlet, a fuel gas inlet and a mixed gas outlet, the combustion-supporting gas inlet is connected with the combustion-supporting gas control branch pipe, the fuel gas inlet is connected with the fuel gas control branch pipe, and the mixed gas outlet is connected with the mixed gas branch pipe;
the ceramic kiln further comprises a second mixer for providing mixed combustion-supporting gas for the combustion-supporting gas main pipe, the second mixer is provided with a hot flue gas inlet, a hot air inlet and an air-flue gas mixed gas outlet, the hot flue gas inlet is connected with a flue gas pipeline of the preheating section through a flue gas backflow pipeline, the hot air inlet is connected with a cooling air outlet of the cooling section through a hot air connecting pipeline, and the air-flue gas mixed gas outlet is connected with the combustion-supporting gas main pipe through a pipeline; the preheating section is provided with a flue gas outlet, the flue gas pipeline is connected between the flue gas outlet and a chimney, and the flue gas return pipeline is connected to the side wall of the flue gas pipeline; the smoke return pipeline is provided with a second fan for inputting hot smoke into the second mixer, and the hot air connecting pipeline is provided with a third fan for inputting hot air into the second mixer;
the automatic control method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
enabling the flue gas accounting for 15-30% of the total volume of the flue gas in the flue gas pipeline to flow back to the second mixer through the flue gas backflow pipeline; cold air from a fan enters the cooling section from the cooling air inlet to cool the ceramic to form hot air, the hot air is conveyed to the second mixer from the cooling air outlet through a hot air connecting pipeline, and the hot air accounting for 50-100% of the total volume of the cooling air is conveyed to the second mixer; the volume ratio of hot air to hot flue gas entering the second mixer in unit time is set to be 2: 1-1: 2, so that hot flue gas with the oxygen content of 13% -18% at the temperature of 350-450 ℃ and hot air with the oxygen content of 21% at the temperature of 250-350 ℃ enter the second mixer through the flue gas backflow pipeline and the hot air connecting pipeline respectively to form combustion-supporting gas with the oxygen content of 15% -20% at the temperature of 300-400 ℃;
setting a preset air-fuel ratio as a product of a theoretical air-fuel ratio set to become larger as the combustion-supporting gas temperature data obtained by the first thermometer increases and a correction coefficient set to decrease as the oxygen content data obtained by the oxygen meter becomes larger; when the temperature of the first thermometer is between 250 ℃ and 450 ℃, the theoretical air-fuel ratio is set to change linearly between 1.1 and 1.5; the correction factor is set to vary linearly between 1.5-1 when the oxygen content of the oxygen gauge is between 15% and 21%;
setting the first electric valve and the second electric valve of each control zone to be independently controlled, so that the opening of the first electric valve is changed along with the change of the opening of the second electric valve according to a preset air-fuel ratio; the second electric valve is set to be opened to the maximum when the difference between the zone temperature data obtained by the thermocouple and the lower limit of the set temperature range is more than 200 ℃ and to be gradually opened when the difference between the zone temperature data and the lower limit of the set temperature range is less than 100 ℃ until the zone temperature data obtained by the thermocouple is in the set temperature range; when the opening degree of the second electric valve is changed, the calculated air-fuel ratio obtained according to the first flow meter and the second flow meter is close to the corrected theoretical air-fuel ratio by adjusting the opening degree of the first electric valve.
Priority Applications (1)
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| CN112919777A (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2021-06-08 | 河南旭阳光电科技有限公司 | System and method for controlling kiln temperature |
| CN113670071B (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2023-06-23 | 中冶长天国际工程有限责任公司 | Cascade oxygen supply system for gas combustion and adjusting method |
| CN113620567A (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2021-11-09 | 甘肃旭康材料科技有限公司 | Glass bottle manufacturing system and glass bottle manufacturing method |
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