CN105649234A - 一种相变颗粒骨料复合的装配式轻质墙体及制备方法 - Google Patents

一种相变颗粒骨料复合的装配式轻质墙体及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105649234A
CN105649234A CN201610150328.0A CN201610150328A CN105649234A CN 105649234 A CN105649234 A CN 105649234A CN 201610150328 A CN201610150328 A CN 201610150328A CN 105649234 A CN105649234 A CN 105649234A
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slab
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陶祥令
朱科企
刘辉
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Jiangsu Institute of Architectural Technology
Jiangsu Jianzhu Institute
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Priority to PCT/CN2016/112867 priority patent/WO2017157079A1/zh
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    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
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    • E04C2/44—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose
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Abstract

本发明提供一种相变颗粒骨料复合的装配式轻质墙体及制备方法，装配式墙体包括发泡混凝土面板，所述发泡混凝土面板上设有墙体板肋，相邻墙体板肋之间设有半圆形的沟槽，所述沟槽沿装配式墙体长度方向设置，沟槽内设有相变颗粒拌合物，所述相变颗粒拌合物包括相变多孔膨胀石墨颗粒与轻质骨料拌合物，墙体板肋上方覆盖有聚氨酯类面层。本装配式墙体结构简单，使用方便，在白天可以吸收热能储存，夜晚温度降低相变材料释放能量隔绝室外冷空气保持室内温度，从而实现室内热环境的调节。

Description

一种相变颗粒骨料复合的装配式轻质墙体及制备方法
技术领域
本发明主要涉及用于建筑工程装配式墙体施工的保温墙体技术领域，具体是一种相变颗粒骨料复合的装配式轻质墙体及制备方法。
背景技术
目前，建筑围护结构通常采用传统的有机保温隔热材料以满足建筑节能规范对于围护结构热阻的要求。尽管这些绝热材料具有较低的导热系数值，可以有效地增大围护结构的热阻，但它们大多具有安全隐患，且墙体使用寿命有限，热容值较低。
现在国内建筑行业比较先进的使用方法是将相变材料作为添加剂，混入混凝土中进行浇筑，或将相变材料合理地运用到空心砌块墙体中，相变材料在发生相变时具有明显的蓄热效应，可以吸收或释放大量潜热，而自己本身的温度变化不大，可以一定程度上使室内温度波动略加平稳，从而提高室内舒适度、降低空调系统的能耗。但是，轻质相变材料保温墙体，在我国现在还属于先进技术，应用方面存在很大的空白。根据国务院《中共中央国务院关于进一步加强城市规划建设管理工作的若干意见》中第十一条：发展新型建造方式，力争用10年左右时间，使装配式建筑占新建建筑的比例达到30％等指导意见，我国建筑领域装配式建筑结构具有较大的发展和应用空间，装配式轻质相变保温墙体可以有效地缩短建筑工期，提高效率增强建筑整体质量，提高建筑外墙的热容值，其应用提高了能源利用率，降低了能源消耗，可以大幅降低温度的波动，提高环境舒适度。因此如何设计及制备廉价的装配式轻质墙体是本领域技术人员亟需解决的一项技术问题。
发明内容
为解决目前技术的不足，本发明结合现有技术，从实际应用出发，提供一种相变颗粒骨料复合的装配式墙体及制备方法，该装配式墙体结构简单，使用方便，在白天可以吸收热能储存，夜晚温度降低相变材料释放能量隔绝室外冷空气保持室内温度，从而实现室内热环境的调节。
为实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案如下：
一种相变颗粒骨料复合的装配式轻质墙体，包括装配式墙体，所述装配式墙体包括发泡混凝土面板，所述发泡混凝土面板上设有墙体板肋，相邻墙体板肋之间设有半圆形的沟槽，所述沟槽沿装配式墙体长度方向设置，沟槽内设有相变颗粒拌合物，所述相变颗粒拌合物包括相变多孔膨胀石墨颗粒与轻质骨料拌合物，墙体板肋上方覆盖有聚氨酯类面层。
所述装配式墙体两侧面分别设有凸砌口和凹砌口，所述凸砌口和凹砌口沿装配式墙体长度方向设置，凸砌口和凹砌口可相互配合形成企口。
所述凸砌口和凹砌口均至少为两个，多个凸砌口和凹砌口在装配式墙体侧面依次排列。
所述发泡混凝土面板和墙体板肋均采用废混混凝土粉、轻质骨料和水泥为主料拌合浇注定型。
一种相变颗粒骨料复合的装配式轻质墙体制备方法，包括如下步骤：
1)采用废混凝土粉、轻质骨料和水泥为主料，2％～4％早强剂为辅料，拌合浇筑定型形成发泡混凝土面板和墙体板肋，常温条件下保湿养护3天以上，在墙体板肋制备定型过程中预留若干半圆形沟槽；
2)制备相变多孔膨胀石墨颗粒：
A、将石墨，采用浓度为3.5～4.6mol/L的氢氧化钾溶液在室温下浸泡，磁力搅拌约12小时以上，拌合物静置26小时以上，抽滤除去多余的氢氧化钾浸泡液，将处理后的石墨充填入氩气包裹下，设置温度800℃煅烧25小时，用浓度为3.6％的盐酸和蒸馏水洗涤3次，得到多孔石墨基体；
B、相变颗粒基料采用硬脂酸丁酯和多孔石墨基体混合物，两者的质量比为：液体硬脂酸丁酯65～80％、多孔石墨基体20～35％，经混合后设置温度90℃恒温箱里30分钟，取出后降至室温；
C、采用相变材料(PCM)胶囊封装技术制成粒径小于14mm的颗粒，储存待用；
3)将相变多孔膨胀石墨颗粒与轻质骨料拌合物拌合后形成相变颗粒拌合物浇筑于墙体板肋半圆形沟槽内，表面整平后常温条件养护48h以上；
4)待相变颗粒拌合物固化成型后墙体表面进行喷涂聚氨酯泡沫类保温材料形成聚氨酯类面层，美观定形后成为一体。
发泡混凝土面板和墙体板肋制备定型过程中，在发泡混凝土面板两侧分别预留相互配合的凸砌口和凹砌口。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明所设计的装配式轻质墙体采用相变颗粒骨料作为填充物，使得本墙体白天可以吸收热能储存，夜晚温度降低相变材料释放能量隔绝室外冷空气保持室内温度，从而实现室内热环境的调节的功能；本轻质墙体的结构简单，制备方便，装配时轻松快捷，且墙体使用材料成本低廉，可大幅度降低能源消耗。
附图说明
附图1为装配式轻质墙体总体结构示意图；
附图2为发泡混凝土面板结构示意图；
附图3为装配式轻质墙体横截面剖面图；
附图4为装配式轻质墙体应用实例示意图。
附图中所示标号：1、装配式轻质墙体；2、墙体板肋；3、相变颗粒拌合物；4、发泡混凝土面板；5、聚氨酯类面层；6、相变多孔膨胀石墨颗粒；7、轻质骨料拌合物；8、企口；9、沟槽；81、凹砌口；82、凸砌口。
具体实施方式
结合附图和具体实施例，对本发明作进一步说明。应理解，这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解，在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后，本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改，这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
如附图1～4所示，一种相变颗粒骨料复合的装配式轻质墙体，包括装配式墙体1，所述装配式墙体1包括发泡混凝土面板4，所述发泡混凝土面板4上设有墙体板肋2，相邻墙体板肋2之间设有半圆形的沟槽9，所述沟槽9沿装配式墙体1长度方向设置，沟槽9内设有相变颗粒拌合物3，所述相变颗粒拌合物3包括相变多孔膨胀石墨颗粒6与轻质骨料拌合物7，墙体板肋2上方覆盖有聚氨酯类面层5；所述装配式墙体1两侧面分别设有凸砌口82和凹砌口81，所述凸砌口82和凹砌口81沿装配式墙体1长度方向设置，凸砌口82和凹砌口81可相互配合形成企口8；所述凸砌口82和凹砌口81均至少为两个，多个凸砌口82和凹砌口81在装配式墙体1侧面依次排列。
本发明的装配式墙体1为矩形，其底板为发泡混凝土面板4，中间填充物为相变颗粒拌合物3，上部的保温材料层为聚氨酯泡沫类保温材料，相变颗粒拌合物3浇注在墙体板肋2中的沟槽9内，沟槽9的设计一方面方便发泡混凝土面板4和墙体板肋2的成型，另一方便也方便相变颗粒拌合物3的浇注，相变颗粒拌合物3浇注后将沟槽9填充满，此时在表面喷涂聚氨酯泡沫类保温材料。由于墙体内部相变材料可以白天可以吸收热能储存，夜晚温度降低相变材料释放能量隔绝室外冷空气保持室内温度，因此本装配式墙体可以实现室内热环境的调节。本发明在发泡混凝土面板4的两侧分别设置了多个凸砌口82和凹砌口81，可使各装配式墙体1之间方便的进行连接，且连接后结合紧密，可防止透缝。
本装配式轻质墙体1的厚度尺寸为190mm，墙体板肋2、发泡混凝土面板4均采用废混凝土粉、轻质骨料和水泥为主料，2％-4％早强剂为辅料，拌合浇筑定型，常温条件下保湿养护3天以上，墙体板肋2制备定型过程预留的沟槽9是尺寸为直径110mm的半圆，相邻墙体板肋2尺寸最狭窄处为30mm。
本发明制备相变多孔膨胀石墨颗粒6的方法如下：
将石墨，采用浓度为3.5～4.6mol/L的氢氧化钾溶液在室温下浸泡，磁力搅拌约12小时以上，拌合物静置26小时以上，抽滤除去多余的氢氧化钾浸泡液，将处理后的石墨充填入氩气包裹下，设置温度800℃煅烧25小时，用浓度为3.6％的盐酸和蒸馏水洗涤3次，得到多孔石墨基体；
B、相变颗粒基料采用硬脂酸丁酯和多孔石墨基体混合物，两者的质量比为：液体硬脂酸丁酯65～80％、多孔石墨基体20～35％，经混合后设置温度90℃恒温箱里30分钟，取出后降至室温；
C、采用相变材料(PCM)胶囊封装技术制成粒径小于14mm的颗粒，储存待用；
制备后的相变多孔膨胀石墨颗粒6和轻质骨料拌合物7拌合后浇筑于墙体板肋2中的半圆形沟槽9内，表面整平后常温条件养护48h以上；
待相变颗粒拌合物3固化成型后在表面进行喷涂聚氨酯泡沫类保温材料形成聚氨酯类面层5，美观定形后成为一体。
采用上述方法制备的装配式墙体质量较好，且能够提高能源利用率，降低能源消耗，同时还可大幅度降低温度的波动，提高环境舒适度。

Claims (6)

1.一种相变颗粒骨料复合的装配式轻质墙体，包括装配式墙体(1)，其特征在于：所述装配式墙体(1)包括发泡混凝土面板(4)，所述发泡混凝土面板(4)上设有墙体板肋(2)，相邻墙体板肋(2)之间设有半圆形的沟槽(9)，所述沟槽(9)沿装配式墙体(1)长度方向设置，沟槽(9)内设有相变颗粒拌合物(3)，所述相变颗粒拌合物(3)包括相变多孔膨胀石墨颗粒(6)与轻质骨料拌合物(7)，墙体板肋(2)上方覆盖有聚氨酯类面层(5)。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种相变颗粒骨料复合的装配式墙体，其特征在于：所述装配式墙体(1)两侧面分别设有凸砌口(82)和凹砌口(81)，所述凸砌口(82)和凹砌口(81)沿装配式墙体(1)长度方向设置，凸砌口(82)和凹砌口(81)可相互配合形成企口(8)。
3.如权利要求2所述的一种相变颗粒骨料复合的装配式轻质墙体，其特征在于：所述凸砌口(82)和凹砌口(81)均至少为两个，多个凸砌口(82)和凹砌口(81)在装配式墙体(1)侧面依次排列。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种相变颗粒骨料复合的装配式轻质墙体，其特征在于：所述发泡混凝土面板(4)和墙体板肋(2)均采用废混混凝土粉、轻质骨料和水泥为主料拌合浇注定型。
5.一种相变颗粒骨料复合的装配式轻质墙体制备方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
1)采用废混凝土粉、轻质骨料和水泥为主料，2％～4％早强剂为辅料，拌合浇筑定型形成发泡混凝土面板(4)和墙体板肋(2)，常温条件下保湿养护3天以上，在墙体板肋(2)制备定型过程中预留若干半圆形沟槽(9)；
2)制备相变多孔膨胀石墨颗粒(6)：
A、将石墨采用浓度为3.5～4.6mol/L的氢氧化钾溶液在室温下浸泡，磁力搅拌约12小时以上，拌合物静置26小时以上，抽滤除去多余的氢氧化钾浸泡液，将处理后的石墨充填入氩气包裹下，设置温度800℃煅烧25小时，用浓度为3.6％的盐酸和蒸馏水洗涤3次，得到多孔石墨基体；
B、相变颗粒基料采用硬脂酸丁酯和多孔石墨基体混合物，两者的质量比为：液体硬脂酸丁酯65～80％、多孔石墨基体20～35％，经混合后设置温度90℃恒温箱里30分钟，取出后降至室温；
C、采用相变材料(PCM)胶囊封装技术制成粒径小于14mm的颗粒，储存待用；
3)将相变多孔膨胀石墨颗粒(6)与轻质骨料拌合物(7)拌合后形成相变颗粒拌合物(3)浇筑于墙体板肋(2)的半圆形沟槽(9)内，表面整平后常温条件养护48h以上；
4)待相变颗粒拌合物(3)固化成型后墙体表面进行喷涂聚氨酯泡沫类保温材料形成聚氨酯类面层(5)，美观定形后成为一体。
6.如权利要求5所述的一种相变颗粒骨料复合的装配式轻质墙体制备方法，其特征在于：发泡混凝土面板(4)和墙体板肋(2)制备定型过程中，在发泡混凝土面板(4)两侧分别预留相互配合的凸砌口(82)和凹砌口(81)。
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