CN105637305A - 具有减小轮廓的飞行器空气制冷器 - Google Patents
具有减小轮廓的飞行器空气制冷器 Download PDFInfo
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- QMYDVDBERNLWKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,2-diol;hydrate Chemical compound O.CC(O)CO QMYDVDBERNLWKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47B—TABLES; DESKS; OFFICE FURNITURE; CABINETS; DRAWERS; GENERAL DETAILS OF FURNITURE
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- B64D11/04—Galleys
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
- F25B1/005—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle of the single unit type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D11/00—Self-contained movable devices, e.g. domestic refrigerators
- F25D11/003—Transport containers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D17/00—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces
- F25D17/04—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection
- F25D17/06—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection by forced circulation
- F25D17/067—Evaporator fan units
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D13/00—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft
- B64D13/06—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft the air being conditioned
- B64D2013/0603—Environmental Control Systems
- B64D2013/0629—Environmental Control Systems with subsystems for cooling food, catering or special loads
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
本申请公开了特别适用于需要冷藏或冷却饮料/食物推车和/或冷库隔间的飞行器厨房的改进的飞行器空气制冷器单元。本发明的制冷器采取现场可更换单元(“LRU”)的形式并且包含以竖直定向布置在壳体内的液冷式制冷剂蒸汽压缩循环。由于竖直定向,因此消除了制冷器的后表面上的管道系统,减小了整体占用面积。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2013年10月1日提交的美国临时专利申请61/885,388和于2014年9月30日提交的美国非临时专利申请14/502,930的优先权,上述申请的内容通过引用整体合并于此。
背景技术
在飞行时为乘客和机组人员提供食品和饮料是航空业中的习惯。根据飞行的持续时间,这项服务可以小到饮料和小吃至用于更长时间飞行的多种餐饮。为了在飞行器上储存、准备和供应食物和饮料,需要对飞行器做出规定以便以适当的方式安全地维持食物和饮料。对于易腐败食物,这意味着在将保持产品新鲜且可食的环境中保存食物和饮料。在大多数情况下,这意味着一种制冷系统,其能够存储且冷冻食品和饮料直到它们准备被供应给乘客。
大型商用载客飞机主要使用两种冷却系统中的一种来将易腐败的食物和不易腐败的饮料维持在它们的最佳温度下。为保存易腐败食物并使得某些饮料和食物更加可口,冷冻是必要的,尤其是在长距离和超长距离飞行旅程期间。第一种冷却系统利用基于标准蒸汽循环的空气制冷器,所述空气制冷器利用常规的制冷剂蒸汽压缩和扩张技术来生成二次再循环的冷冻空气回路。冷冻空气通常经由热绝缘空气管道系统供给至合适的存储结构(诸如厨房)并且从合适的存储结构(诸如厨房)返回。空气制冷器可以位于厨房内或邻近地安装在飞行器机身的另一部分中。
第二种类型的冷却系统利用相同的常规制冷剂蒸汽压缩和扩张技术,但冷却介质是冷冻液体而不是空气。冷冻液体具有更高的热容量,但是要求更复杂的泵送和管道架构来操作该系统。冷冻液体在闭合回路中被泵送到合适的存储结构(诸如厨房)并且从其中泵送回来。在一些情况下,冷冻液体被配置为用于整个飞行器的大型集中式系统。在其他情况下,冷冻液体可以在每个分离的厨房隔间处被循环以形成局部区域制冷环路,或者是基于每个独立的厨房作为单独的系统。在厨房处,液体经由控制阀和电子控制系统被传递到热交换器,在热交换器中电轴向(或其他)风扇吹送和抽吸空气通过它的起源地(matrix)并且去到需要冷冻的存储隔间(compartment),例如厨房推车隔舱(bay)或冷藏隔间。热交换器风扇及其控制系统(尽管不一定是全部)集合在一起以形成冷冻空气再循环单元,该冷冻空气再循环单元可以被组装在厨房内或组装在厨房上面或远离厨房被组装,或者组装到厨房综合设施。
这些不同的制冷器系统的一个缺点是它们占据了厨房内的大部分可用空间,显而易见的是,这些空间在飞行器内是宝贵的。另外,制冷器趋于非常沉重,这也是它们用在飞行器上的缺点。还存在冷凝物收集和清除的问题,并且需要改进热传递效率。因此,将有益的是拥有相对于目前正在使用的常规制冷器系统占用更少空间并且反映出重量减少的制冷器系统,其同时提供冷凝物收集和改进的热传递效率。
发明内容
本发明是改进的飞行器空气制冷器单元,其重量比同类更轻并且具有减小的整体占用面积。这种紧凑式系统特别适用于飞行器厨房,飞行器厨房需要冷藏或冷却饮料/食物推车和/或冷冻存储隔间。本发明也特别有益于大型单通道飞行器厨房和使用点(POU)推车。本发明的制冷器位于在飞行器厨房的工作平台下面的厨房隔间的侧面处创建的空腔内。在优选实施例中,制冷器采用现场可更换单元(“LRU”)的形式,也就是说在现场可以更换的组件。制冷器包含以竖直定向布置在壳体内的液冷式制冷剂蒸汽压缩循环。沿上表面的多个轴向风扇将空气抽吸到单元内,在单元内空气被引入制冷剂蒸汽压缩循环内。在可替换的实施例中,轴向风扇能够被涡流型风扇代替。蒸汽循环包括在紧凑的竖直布置中的蒸发器、膨胀阀、液冷式冷凝器和压缩机。冷冻空气从单元的顶部再循环到单元的底部,消除了对制冷器后部处的空气管道的需要。消除空气管道使制冷器隔间的所需深度至少减小4英寸,这表示比现有制冷器单元明显节省空间。制冷器优选地利用快速断开阀用于冷凝器冷却液入口和出口,其进而被耦连到飞行器散热器。显示器被提供在单元上以用于控制温度和该单元的其他操作。
制冷器的位置在厨房占用面积和重量减少以及冷冻空气在围绕安装在工作平台下面的手推车或推车的有效分布中发挥作用。
结合以示例的方式图示说明本发明的操作的附图,参照优选实施例的以下详细描述,本发明的其他特征和优势将会变得更显而易见。
附图说明
图1是图示说明本发明的制冷器的可能位置的飞行器厨房结构的透视图。
图2是本发明的制冷器的第一实施例的组件的升高透视图;
图3是制冷器单元的元件的透视图;以及
图4是图2和图3的系统的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了飞行器厨房结构框架的一部分,其中示出了新型制冷器单元相对于饮料推车隔舱的位置。厨房框架100包括在工作平台110上方的多个隔间,其中工作平台110上方的空间被保留用于各种食物供应设备,诸如咖啡机、冰箱、食物贮存室、器皿贮存室等。在工作平台110下方是用于容纳饮料推车(未示出)的一系列隔舱120,航空乘务员沿着飞行器的(多个)通道推动所述饮料推车以将食物和饮料带给乘客。饮料推车被有意保持在允许保存在里面的饮料和易腐败食物并且以可接受的温度供应的温度。为了使推车维持在适当的温度,制冷器单元140位于指定的外围隔间150内,该外围隔间在上面和下面具有空气通路以用于引导并接收来自隔舱120的空气。每个隔舱120包括沿底部边缘的开口160,其中来自相邻隔舱的冷冻空气能够穿过所述开口,或者在第一隔舱的情况下来自隔间150的冷冻空气能够穿过所述开口。空气如箭头170所示围绕隔舱在每个隔舱中流动,并且当空气变暖时返回外围隔间150。空气从隔间150的顶部被吸回到制冷器140内,在制冷器中空气被冷却并且被再循环。制冷器140的紧凑性质及其竖直定向允许该单元被存放在与隔舱120相邻的指定外围隔间150内。此外,如下所述,消除制冷器140的后表面处的导管系统使隔间150的必要深度至少减小4英寸。
图2和图3示出了制冷器单元140,如下所述,其特别适用于商用飞行器的厨房。制冷器140被形成在壳体135内并且包括蒸汽循环制冷系统的基础组件,包括压缩机180、热交换器185、液冷式冷凝器190和蒸发器195。暖空气215通过制冷器140的顶部进入制冷器,并且被冷却的空气220通过底部开口198离开制冷器,在底部开口处冷却空气被引导到厨房工作平台110下方的隔舱120。作为空气冷却过程的一部分,被冷却的“供给”空气220被轴向风扇200传递通过蒸发器195和底部开口198。液冷式冷凝器的液体冷却系统被应用于循环冷却剂,例如丙二醇水(“PGW”),所述冷却剂穿过液冷式冷凝器190并且进入收集冷却剂的贮液器205。然后PGW经由流体快速断开件250被液体泵210泵送到飞行器的散热器,在所述散热器中PGW被冷却介质(空气或液体)冷却。然后被冷却的PGW穿过另一流体快速断开件240流回到冷凝器190内以冷却来自压缩机180的制冷剂的过热蒸汽。
图3和图4进一步说明制冷剂和冷冻空气的路径。循环制冷剂(例如,R134a、R1234yf或其他制冷剂)以被称为低压过热蒸汽的热力学状态进入压缩机180并且被压缩到较高的压力,也导致较高的温度。然后该热的被压缩的蒸汽处于被称为具有较高压力和温度的过热蒸汽的热力学状态,并且它处于能够用冷却液体或冷却空气进行冷凝的温度和压力下。这种热蒸汽被输送通过冷凝器190,在冷凝器中热蒸汽通过流经线圈或导管而被冷却并且被冷凝成液体,其中冷却液体或冷却空气被引导经过所述线圈或导管外侧。这就是循环制冷剂从系统排斥热量并且被排斥的热量通过循环液体或空气被带走的地方。处于被称为饱和的热力学状态的现在被冷却的冷凝液体制冷剂穿过包含视镜(未示出)和过滤器/干燥机组装件(未示出)的服务区块182。然后,制冷剂穿过用于局部冷却的制冷剂热交换器185,在该制冷剂热交换器中在从服务区块182传送到膨胀阀189的制冷剂液体和从蒸发器195传送到压缩机180的制冷剂蒸汽之间交换热量。特别地,制冷剂热交换器185执行制冷剂液体局部冷却和制冷剂蒸汽过热过程,通过该过程经由制冷剂热交换器185从服务区块182传送到膨胀阀189的液体制冷剂转移热量到从蒸发器195传送到压缩机180的蒸汽制冷剂。通过使制冷剂在进入压缩机180之前过热,制冷剂液体液滴可以被阻止进入压缩机180。
制冷剂接下来被输送通过膨胀阀189,在该膨胀阀处制冷剂经历压力骤降。该压力下降导致一部分液体冷却剂的绝热闪蒸(adiabaticflashevaporation)。绝热闪蒸的自动制冷效果降低了液体和蒸汽制冷剂混合物的温度,所达到的温度比厨房饮料推车隔间120中的环境温度更冷。然后冷的液体-蒸汽混合物被输送通过蒸发器195中的线圈或导管。风扇200从厨房隔间抽吸更温暖的空气215横穿运载具有较低压力的冷的制冷剂液体和蒸汽混合物的线圈或导管。该温暖的空气215蒸发冷的制冷剂混合物的液体部分。因此,循环空气220在穿过蒸发器195时被冷却,并且该被冷却的空气沿底部开口198被迫离开制冷器,在底部开口处已冷却的空气被运载进入相邻的饮料推车隔间120。蒸发器195是循环制冷剂吸收和移除热量的地方,该热量随后在冷凝器中被排斥并且通过在冷凝器190中使用的液体或空气被转移到其他地方。膨胀阀189也可以与热膨胀远端球状物(remotebulb)192耦连。远端球状物192可以通过毛细管与膨胀阀189耦连,所述毛细管连通膨胀阀189和远端球状物192之间的工作气体以用于感测离开蒸发器195的制冷剂的温度。因此,膨胀阀189可以用作恒温膨胀阀并且进行操作以根据离开蒸发器195的制冷剂的温度控制进入蒸发器195的制冷剂的流量。当冷的液体/蒸汽混合物离开膨胀阀189之后,制冷剂移动通过制冷剂管道系统并且进入蒸发器195。
为了完成制冷循环,来自蒸发器195的现在处于其饱和蒸汽状态的制冷剂蒸汽通过热交换器185被输送回压缩机180内。
制冷器140优选地包括在壳体135的后部的两个流体快速断开件(QD)。第一断开件250被耦连到管道系统255,该管道系统将流体从制冷器140传递到飞行器散热器,并且第二断开件240经由管道系统245将流体从飞行器散热器供给到制冷器140。这些快速断开阀240和250被用于将冷却液体传递到冷凝器并且将加热的流体运载到飞行器散热器。
制冷器140的紧凑配置使其非常适用于飞行器应用。这种存放在小型相邻隔间内并且给饮料手推车隔舱提供冷冻空气的能力导致节省重量和能源,也能节省空间。在优选实施例中,制冷器单元140具有31.5英寸的高度并且具有梯形轮廓,该梯形轮廓包括8.7英寸的底边长和具有5.9英寸长度的相对侧边。在优选实施例中,制冷器具有34.3英寸的深度,允许制冷器装配到邻近手推车隔舱120的小隔间150内部。另外,制冷器140采取厨房现场可更换单元或LRU的形式,使制冷器在维修或更换期间能够快速且容易地被移除或更换而无需拆卸厨房构架,导致更简单的维护和更少的停机时间。因为本发明的制冷器在侧壁或后壁上不利用管道系统,所以制冷器的占用面积被减小并且不需要管道系统来传递冷冻空气。因此,制冷器可以装配在较小的隔间内,同时服务相同尺寸和数量的推车隔舱。
本发明用于展示一种用于飞行器厨房的饮料手推车隔舱的邻近隔舱的POU式制冷器系统。总体上,该系统在从蒸发器清除冷凝物以及改进蒸发器和系统的整体热传递效率方面是有效的。
Claims (5)
1.一种用于冷却相邻飞行器厨房推车的液冷式竖直定向的现场可更换单元制冷器即LRU式制冷器,其通过消除沿外围表面的管道系统而具有减小的占用面积,所述LRU式制冷器包含:
壳体,其具有沿上表面的至少一个风扇和在底表面中的开口,所述风扇用于通过所述上表面将空气吸入到所述制冷器单元,所述开口用于通过所述壳体的所述底部排出冷冻空气;
一对快速断开耦接件,用于与冷凝器和飞行器散热器连接;
蒸发器,其被直接设置在所述至少一个风扇下方;
压缩机;
热交换器;
液冷式冷凝器;
蒸发器;并且
其中温暖空气通过所述壳体的上表面进入并且冷冻空气通过所述壳体中的底部开口被排出。
2.根据权利要求1所述的液冷式竖直定向的现场可更换单元制冷器,其中所述壳体的轮廓是梯形。
3.根据权利要求1所述的液冷式竖直定向的现场可更换单元制冷器,其中通过所述液冷式冷凝器来循环丙二醇水。
4.根据权利要求3所述的液冷式竖直定向的现场可更换单元制冷器,进一步包含液体泵,以将所述丙二醇水从收集容器泵送到所述冷凝器和所述飞行器中的散热器。
5.根据权利要求1所述的液冷式竖直定向的现场可更换单元制冷器,其中所述至少一个风扇是多个轴向风扇。
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US14/502,930 | 2014-09-30 | ||
US14/502,930 US10021970B2 (en) | 2013-10-01 | 2014-09-30 | Aircraft air chiller with reduced profile |
PCT/US2014/058596 WO2015050971A1 (en) | 2013-10-01 | 2014-10-01 | Aircraft air chiller with reduced profile |
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EP (1) | EP3052872B1 (zh) |
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EP3052872B1 (en) | 2021-07-07 |
WO2015050971A1 (en) | 2015-04-09 |
CN105637305B (zh) | 2017-12-05 |
US20150089968A1 (en) | 2015-04-02 |
US10021970B2 (en) | 2018-07-17 |
US20150089970A1 (en) | 2015-04-02 |
CA2925337A1 (en) | 2015-04-09 |
EP3052872A1 (en) | 2016-08-10 |
CA2925337C (en) | 2017-11-28 |
JP2016537599A (ja) | 2016-12-01 |
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