CN105628470A - Preparation method of penetrated crack rock mass test specimen based on 3D (three-dimensional) printing technology - Google Patents
Preparation method of penetrated crack rock mass test specimen based on 3D (three-dimensional) printing technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a penetrated crack rock mass test specimen based on a 3D (three-dimensional) printing technology. The method comprises the following steps that (1) the practical crack rock mass is simulated, and a three-dimensional digital model of a mold for manufacturing the test specimen is determined; (2) the mold is obtained through 3D printing, a part used for forming the test specimen crack is printed by water-soluble materials; the surface of the part of the obtained mold is coated with hot melt adhesives; other parts are printed by water-insoluble materials; (3) the physical performance of the practical crack rock mass is simulated, cement mortar is prepared for preparing the test specimen, after the preparation, the cement mortar is poured into the mold, the cement mortar is cured and formed, and the test specimen with the primary shape is formed; (4) the mold for loading the test specimen is dried, and the hot melt adhesives are completely molten and flow out from the crack positions; (5) after the drying, the mold is soaked into water, the water-soluble material parts of the mold are completely dissolved, and the test specimen with the final shape is formed, and is taken out to be dried; (6) demolding and maintenance are performed, and the test specimen is obtained. The preparation method is suitable for being used for preparing penetrated crack rock mass test specimens in different structure types.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation method of a kind of crack rock sample, in particular to the preparation method of a kind of through crack rock sample based on 3D printing technique, belong to rock mechanics field.
Background technology
Along with China's hydro project, mining engineering, the development of underground petroleum and gas storage engineering, crack rock becomes a kind of complex dielectrics often run in engineering, the mechanical property of crack rock is had control action kou by crack, therefore the mechanical property of crack rock and rockmass have significant difference, the experimental study that Chinese scholars is done for rockmass mechanical property is comparatively deep, but the experimental study done for crack rock mechanical property is also less, this is owing to crack rock is as a kind of special structure, its internal crack structure is comparatively complicated, also do not compare complete method at present and make crack rock sample, generally also exist and out of true is located in position, crack, the precision controlling of crack size is not enough, can not fully consider the spatial form in crack, the crack rock sample not easily demoulding of preparation, crack internal structure is easily destroyed during the demoulding, change shape and the size in crack, the problems such as newborn crack are produced at crack periphery. therefore rock mechanics experiment field urgently needs a kind of to compare the complete method preparing crack rock sample. the following is the several method making crack rock sample at present and usually adopting.
Application number be 201410052815.4 Chinese invention patent application " making method of a kind of random fissure rock sample " disclose a kind of by tin bar and sand-cement slurry mix and blend, through subzero treatment, tin bar turns into the method preparing class fissure rock sample that powder shape forms crack. The method adopts the crack of tin bar simulation rock, can not embody crack spatial shape and the surfaceness of actual rock complexity, and in the whipping process of tin bar and sand-cement slurry, tin bar easily ruptures and then affects size and the distribution in crack in rocks sample.
Application number be 201410139078.1 Chinese invention patent application " the rocks test specimen mould for interrupted two fissure rock triaxial compression test " disclose a kind of rocks test specimen mould making interrupted two fissure rock comprising bottom, the middle boxes mould being located on bottom, gland, fixing ear, rectangular tank, but this mould can not prepare the rock-like materials having complicated fissured structure, and the not easily demoulding.
Application number be 201110251080.4 Chinese invention patent application " a kind of indoor single fissure rock sample preparation device " disclose single fissure rock sample preparation device of a kind of filling certain thickness matrix material, this device is made up of bottom, the seat of honour, top and the bottom core retaining collar, threaded spindle, regulating nut, fastening nut, it can only prepare the rocks sample containing single crack, can not prepare the rocks sample having many cracks.
The patent No. Chinese invention patent " preparation method of anisotropic seepage medium with slits " that to be ZL201010190001.9 be discloses and a kind of as starting material, natural rock is processed into little sillar, again little sillar is formed big scale rock mass at contact surface local bonding in a predefined manner, the gap between little sillar is made to form three-dimensional crack system in big rock mass, and the distribution of the big rock mass clinking of fixing quantity, thus form the method for anisotropy rock-like materials, by binding agent by little sillar manually to put or face is bonded to the rock-like materials containing crack, differ greatly with the fissured structure of actual rock, can not fully simulate actual crack rock.
Application number be 201310641618.1 Chinese invention patent application " the making mould of intermittent joints rock simulation test specimen and method " disclose one and comprise base plate, fixed length side plate, movable long side plate, movable short side plate, cutting backing plate at bottom, the mould of cutting top blind flange, and disclose the method making the rock-like materials containing intermittent joints being formed crack by insertion tinsel, the method forms crack by insertion tinsel, can not fully simulate the fissured structure in actual rock, and tinsel during the demoulding, need to be extracted, the fissured structure of prepared rock-like materials can be destroyed.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: it is an object of the invention to provide the preparation method of a kind of through crack rock sample based on 3D printing technique, rock mass sample prepared by the method can fully be simulated actual crack rock and can the complete demoulding.
Technical scheme: the preparation method of a kind of through crack rock sample based on 3D printing technique of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
(1) form and the distribution in crack in the geometric shape of actual crack rock and this rock mass is simulated, it is determined that for making the three-dimensional digital model of the mould of sample;
(2) this three-dimensional digital model is obtained mould by 3D printing, wherein, part for the formation of sample crack adopts water-soluble material to print, and smears hot melt adhesive at this part surface of gained mould, and the part for the formation of sample profile adopts the file printing being insoluble to water;
(3) the mechanical property preparation sand-cement slurry simulating actual crack rock prepares sample, pours the sand-cement slurry prepared into mould, sand-cement slurry mold curing shaping, formed at the beginning of the sample of tool shape;
(4) mould being mounted with just tool shape sample is toasted, make hot melt adhesive melt completely and flow out from crack;
(5) mould being mounted with sample after baking is put into water to soak, the water-soluble material part of mould is dissolved completely, forms the sample of final form, the mould being mounted with this sample is taken out and dries;
(6) demoulding, maintenance, obtain sample.
The present invention by 3D printing technique for the preparation of the rock mass sample with through crack, can accurately locate the position in crack, the size in control crack, quantity, fully consider the spatial form in crack, its in-profile of mould making crack rock sample is consistent with the external geometric overall dimension of prepared sample, and the water-soluble structure part of mould is consistent with the structure in sample crack, it is possible to by complete for sample crack filling; Mould smears hot melt adhesive in mould inside water-soluble material part after having printed, and ensures that in the process of sand-cement slurry maintenance in a mold, mould inside water-soluble material part is not dissolved.
Concrete, in step (2), adopt the part for the formation of sample profile in cochrome print die, and smear hot melt adhesive at this part surface of gained mould. The cohesive force of hot melt adhesive and cochrome is more weak, the cohesive force of sand-cement slurry is relatively strong, hot melt adhesive is evenly spread upon the surface of cochrome mould, before cement mortar solidification forms sample, block the bonding of sand-cement slurry and mould, avoid the structure destroying sample during the follow-up demoulding. Preferably, the thickness of the hot melt adhesive smeared for the formation of the part surface of sample profile at gained mould is 0.5��0.6mm. Now, it is possible to the complete roughness simulating actual crack rock surface at die surface.
Further, in above-mentioned steps (2), at the reserved aperture of mold bottom, and this aperture is sealed; In step (6), first upper end, sample crack is sealed, then aperture is released sealing, in mould, blast air from this aperture, sample is ejected mould, complete the demoulding. It is convenient in demoulding quick, and crack internal structure can not be destroyed.
Preferably, above-mentioned water-soluble material is PVA material.
Useful effect: compared with prior art, the remarkable advantage of the present invention is:
(1) the present invention adopts 3D printing technique to prepare the mould of crack rock sample, by the position in crack in crack rock sample prepared by the complete performance of 3-dimensional digital space model, size, quantity and spatial shape, can accurately locate the position in crack, the size in control crack, surfaceness, fully considers the spatial form in crack; Meanwhile, adopting the part for the formation of sample crack in water-soluble material print die, the water-soluble structure part of mould is consistent with the structure in sample crack, it is possible to by complete for sample crack filling; And, the mould forming sample crack part and the part forming sample exterior contour are an entirety, the prefabricated structure forming sample crack need not be extracted, because extracting the destruction of crack shape that prefabricated structure causes and size and produce new life crack at crack periphery when avoiding the demoulding during demoulding; In addition, smearing hot melt adhesive in this part after mould has printed, hot melt adhesive can closely be bonded at water-soluble material surface, can not with the contact process of sand-cement slurry in come off, prevent component with sand-cement slurry contact process in meet water dissolution;
(2) the present invention is by adopting in cochrome print die the part for the formation of sample profile, and smear hot melt adhesive at this part surface of gained mould, avoid the bonding of sand-cement slurry and mould, make shaping sample can not the effectively demoulding, 3D printing technique is found broad application in preparing at rock engineering field rock-like materials;
(3) the present invention by the reserved aperture of mold bottom, when the demoulding, blasting air by this aperture in mould, sample is ejected mould, fast demoulding, is convenient in demoulding quick, can not destroy shape and the size in crack and produce newborn crack at crack periphery;
(4) method of the present invention is simple to operate, efficiently, fast, and applied range, it is possible to prepare the through crack rock that the internal structure unfairness of various cracks, fissured structure are comparatively complicated according to actual needs, open new approaches for making through crack rock.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schema of the preparation method of the through crack rock sample based on 3D printing technique of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is for making the three-dimensional digital model of the mould of sample in embodiments of the invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the technical scheme of the present invention is described further.
Such as Fig. 1, the preparation method of a kind of through crack rock sample based on 3D printing technique of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
(1) form and the distribution in crack in the geometric shape of actual crack rock and this rock mass is simulated, comprise the geometrical dimension of actual crack rock, the size in crack, spatial shape, quantity and distribution situation etc., it is determined that for making the three-dimensional digital model of the mould of sample;
(2) this three-dimensional digital model is obtained mould by 3D printing, adopt water-soluble material to print the part for the formation of sample crack, adopt the file printing being insoluble to water for the formation of the part of sample profile; After mould has printed, smear hot melt adhesive at mould for the formation of the surface of sample crack part;
(3) the mechanical property preparation sand-cement slurry simulating actual crack rock prepares sample, pours the sand-cement slurry prepared into mould, sand-cement slurry mold curing shaping, formed at the beginning of the sample of tool shape; Can wait that sand-cement slurry is self-curing shaping by leaving standstill, it is also possible to the mould loading sand-cement slurry is carried out maintenance and makes the faster more preferably curing molding of sand-cement slurry;
(4) mould being mounted with the just sample of tool shape is toasted, until hot melt adhesive melts completely and flows out from crack;
(5) mould being mounted with sample after baking is put into water to soak, treat that the water-soluble material part of mould is dissolved completely, after forming the sample of final form, the mould loading this sample is taken out and dries;
(6) by the sample demoulding and sample is carried out maintenance, obtain having the rock mass sample in through crack.
The present invention by 3D printing technique for the preparation of the rock mass sample with through crack, by the position in crack in crack rock sample prepared by the complete performance of 3-dimensional digital space model, size, quantity and spatial shape, can accurately locate the position in crack, the size in control crack, surfaceness, fully considers the spatial form in crack; Meanwhile, adopting the part for the formation of sample crack in water-soluble material print die, the water-soluble structure part of mould is consistent with the structure in sample crack, it is possible to by complete for sample crack filling; And, the mould forming sample crack part and the part forming sample exterior contour are an entirety, the prefabricated structure forming sample crack need not be extracted, because extracting the destruction of crack shape that prefabricated structure causes and size and produce new life crack at crack periphery when avoiding the demoulding during demoulding; In addition, smearing hot melt adhesive in this part after mould has printed, hot melt adhesive can closely be bonded at water-soluble material surface, can not with the contact process of sand-cement slurry in come off, prevent component with sand-cement slurry contact process in meet water dissolution.
In step (2), it is possible to adopt the part for the formation of sample profile in cochrome print die, and smear hot melt adhesive at this part surface of gained mould.
3D prints usually taking ABS, PLA and PVA as starting material, gained mould easily occurs bonding with sand-cement slurry in the process of sand-cement slurry drying and moulding, drying is bonding comparatively firm after completing, make shaping sample can not the effectively demoulding, therefore 3D printing technique is difficult to find broad application in prepared by geotechnical engineering field rock-like materials. The present invention prepares the mould of sample by employing cochrome file printing, then hot melt adhesive is smeared at die surface, hot melt adhesive is solid state at normal temperatures, melt after being heated, the cohesive force of sand-cement slurry is stronger, but it is more weak with the cohesive force of cochrome material, therefore hot melt adhesive is evenly spread upon the surface of cochrome material mould, in the process of sand-cement slurry drying and moulding, hot melt adhesive tight bond is at specimen surface, block the bonding of sand-cement slurry and mould, follow-up can the conveniently demoulding, and during the demoulding, do not destroy the structure of sample.
When gained mould smears hot melt adhesive for the formation of the part surface of sample profile, the thickness of hot melt adhesive that can control to smear is 0.5��0.6mm. The roughness simulating actual rock material surface at die surface that now can be complete, the roughness of the specimen surface produced and real material are comparatively close. By adopting the thermosol gelgun of high precision to smear hot melt adhesive. Hot melt adhesive is put into high precision thermosol gelgun, by hot melt adhesive high temperature melt, by the minor diameter spout of high precision thermosol gelgun, hot melt adhesive is sprayed, it is possible to the volume of accurate control hot melt adhesive ejection, the precision of the hot melt adhesive smeared can control at about 0.1mm.
In above-mentioned steps (2), at the reserved aperture of mold bottom, and this aperture can be sealed; After sample final molding, first upper end, sample crack is sealed, then the aperture being mounted with the mold bottom of sample is released sealing, in mould, blast air from this aperture, by air pressure, sample is ejected mould, complete the demoulding. Whole knockout course is convenient and swift, and can not destroy crack internal structure or produce newborn crack at crack periphery.
Embodiment
To prepare the through crack rock rock sample in dam foundation place, some hydropower station riverbed, the through crack rock preparation method of sample based on 3D printing technique of the present invention is described further, comprises the steps:
(1) by consulting the geologic report data at this dam foundation place, riverbed, power station, it is determined that the development condition in the crack of the through crack rock that this place grows, comprises the length in crack, width, spatial shape, quantity, distribution situation, the volume of rock mass sample is determined according to similar relation, the size in crack, spatial shape, quantity and distribution situation, and the three-dimensional digital model of mould corresponding to this sample is made according to specimen shape, such as Fig. 2.
(2) by the two shower nozzle 3D printer of three-dimensional digital model input of mould, printer head A loads PVA water-soluble material, shower nozzle B loads the cochrome material being insoluble to water, according to the three-dimensional digital model inputted by layer print die, wherein mould inside is printed by shower nozzle A PVA water-soluble material for the formation of the part in sample crack, and residue part is by shower nozzle B cochrome file printing. Mould evenly smears the hot melt adhesive of 0.5��0.6mm at gained mould for the formation of the surface of sample crack part and sample outline portion after having printed, ensure mould inside formed sample crack structure with the contact process of sand-cement slurry in can not come off, also can not be dissolved in the process of mould maintenance, and prevent mould bonding with sand-cement slurry, hinder the follow-up demoulding; In order to air easy to use compresses the device demoulding, leaving at mold bottom and compress the aperture that device exports identical size with air, the stopper made of resin material clogs sealing.
(3) according to the mechanical property of the actual crack rock in dam foundation place, some hydropower station riverbed, the each composition proportion of material of sample is determined to prepare by similar relation, finally determine sample by ordinary Portland cement, natural river sand and water in mass ratio example 1:0.5:0.4 mix, wherein river sand footpath grain is less than 1mm, add mobility, the reduction holes porosity of the permeability-reducing admixture of total mass 0.5% and the barrier performance of water reducer reinforcement material and cement, add a little defoamer and reduce in cement hydration process the bubble produced. Sand-cement slurry being stirred after evenly pours in mould, temperature 22 DEG C, in the climatic chamber of humidity 90% maintenance shaping to cement mortar solidification after, the mould loading sample is put into baking oven toast with the temperature of 80 DEG C, hot melt adhesive flows out from through crack after at high temperature melting, by the mould of the loading sample after baking, put into normal-temperature water and soak 2-4 hour, take out after the part in mould inside formation sample crack is dissolved completely and dry.
(4) with lute, upper end, sample crack is sealed, the stopper at mold bottom aperture place is opened, air is compressed device outlet insertion aperture, in mould, blasts air, in the short period of time, sample can be ejected mould, fast demoulding, after the sample demoulding, lute is removed, puts into temperature 22 DEG C, maintenance 33 days in the climatic chamber of humidity 90%, prepared by sample.
Claims (5)
1. the preparation method based on the through crack rock sample of 3D printing technique, it is characterised in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) form and the distribution in crack in the geometric shape of actual crack rock and this rock mass is simulated, it is determined that for making the three-dimensional digital model of the mould of sample;
(2) this three-dimensional digital model is obtained mould by 3D printing, wherein, part for the formation of sample crack adopts water-soluble material to print, and smears hot melt adhesive at this part surface of gained mould, and the part for the formation of sample profile adopts the file printing being insoluble to water;
(3) the mechanical property preparation sand-cement slurry simulating actual crack rock prepares sample, pours the sand-cement slurry prepared into mould, sand-cement slurry mold curing shaping, formed at the beginning of the sample of tool shape;
(4) mould being mounted with just tool shape sample is toasted, make hot melt adhesive melt completely and flow out from crack;
(5) mould being mounted with sample after baking is put into water to soak, the water-soluble material part of mould is dissolved completely, forms the sample of final form, the mould being mounted with this sample is taken out and dries;
(6) demoulding, maintenance, obtain sample.
2. the preparation method of the through crack rock sample based on 3D printing technique according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (2), adopt the part for the formation of sample profile in cochrome print die, and smear hot melt adhesive at this part surface of gained mould.
3. the preparation method of the through crack rock sample based on 3D printing technique according to claim 2, it is characterised in that, the thickness of the hot melt adhesive smeared for the formation of the part surface of sample profile at gained mould is 0.5��0.6mm.
4. the preparation method of the through crack rock sample based on 3D printing technique according to any one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that, in step (2), at the reserved aperture of mold bottom, and this aperture is sealed; In step (6), first upper end, sample crack is sealed, then described aperture is released sealing, in mould, blast air from this aperture, sample is ejected mould, complete the demoulding.
5. the preparation method of the through crack rock sample based on 3D printing technique according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, described water-soluble material is PVA material.
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