CN105625998A - Reverse production method and production equipment for seafloor natural gas hydrate stable layer - Google Patents
Reverse production method and production equipment for seafloor natural gas hydrate stable layer Download PDFInfo
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- CN105625998A CN105625998A CN201610071790.1A CN201610071790A CN105625998A CN 105625998 A CN105625998 A CN 105625998A CN 201610071790 A CN201610071790 A CN 201610071790A CN 105625998 A CN105625998 A CN 105625998A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/01—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
Abstract
The invention relates to a reverse production method for a seafloor gas hydrate stable layer. The reverse production method comprises the following steps of S1, pressure-drop gas production: firstly, sucking out liquid in a production well, dropping the pressure at the bottom of the well, producing free gas under the hydrate stable layer, and decomposing the lower surface of the hydrate stable layer; S2, heat-injection decomposing: injecting hot water or steam into the upper part of a production layer, decomposing the gas hydrate stable layer from bottom to top, and producing from the production well after decomposing; S3, cementing of carbon dioxide: injecting the carbon dioxide into the lower part of the production layer, and gradually cementing at the bottom part of the production layer from bottom to top; S4, after the cementing is completed, repeating the steps S1, S2 and S3, cycling to produce, and stopping production until the natural gas hydrate stable layer is thinned to the proper thickness. The reverse production method has the advantage that the problems of easy leakage of natural gas, easy pollution to sea environment, and easy occurrence of geological disasters in the production process of seafloor natural gas hydrates are solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to exploitation of gas hydrates technical field, particularly a kind of reverse recovery method of sea bed gas hydrate stabilized zone and winning apparatus thereof.
Background technology
Gas hydrates (NaturalGasHydrates, NGH) are by lighter hydrocarbons, CO when cryogenic high pressure2And H2The micro-molecular gas such as S and the white solid state crystalline material of formation in water interaction process, can burn because meeting fire, also known as combustible ice. 1 cubic metre of gas hydrates can be converted into the natural gas of 164 cubic metres and the water of 0.8 cubic metre, is the energy of a kind of extremely high-efficiency cleaning, and its damage ratio coal, oil are much smaller.
The conventional recovery method of hydrate mainly has four classes: voltage drop method, heat injection method, note chemical-agent technique and carbon dioxide replacement method. Voltage drop method is the water by extracting in producing well or in other manners, the pressure that hydrate is hidden is reduced to below the vapor pressure of hydrate, so that hydrate is decomposed. Voltage drop method major downside is that decomposition of hydrate phase transformation institute calorific requirement is very big, it is possible to causes hydrate secondary to generate or produces to freeze on a large scale, blocking permeation pathway, affect long-term production efficiency.
Heat injection method is by injecting heat energy to the hydrate in shaft bottom, makes the temperature that hydrate hides raise, and when the vapor pressure of hydrate at the thing Tibetan pressure of hydrate is lower than this kind of temperature, hydrate will be decomposed. Heat injection extraction system has the drawback that the heat not only providing decomposition of hydrate phase transformation, also wants heating deposition thing, porous gases and liquid, and up-and-down boundary layer exists heat dissipation problem simultaneously, causes that thermal loss is very big, and face cost is higher.
Note chemical inhibitor method is by hiding injection chemical reagent to hydrate, and such as saline, methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol etc., the hydrate changing it hides equilibrium condition, makes the phase equilibrium line of hydrate move up. Then hydrate under existing condition can not stable existence, thus decomposing. The shortcoming of note chemical-agent technique is chemical reagent price height and environmental pollution is serious, and chemical reagent is not fairly obvious on hydrate phase balance impact, and is difficult to individually employing the method exploitation sea bed gas hydrate stabilized zone.
Carbon dioxide replacement method passes into substitute carbon dioxide mainly by gas hydrates stabilized zone, due to carbon dioxide under equal conditions (pressure as equal), it can form hydrate at higher temperatures, therefore, the natural gas in gas hydrates can be replaced out by carbon dioxide. It is longer that the exploitation of carbon dioxide replacement method there is problems of replacement process duration, and displacement efficiency is relatively low, DeGrain, and is not suitable for the exploitation being not closed the sea bed gas hydrate stabilized zone of cap rock. In sum, if exploiting this ocean gas hydrate stabilized zone by the direct concordant of conventional method, it is easy to cause that the gas hydrates being not closed cap rock decomposes out of control, discharge a large amount of natural gas and cause the pollution of environment. So exploring the sea bed gas hydrate opening of mines pattern being not closed cap rock at present become the focus that the whole world is paid close attention to.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the shortcoming of prior art, a kind of reverse recovery method of sea bed gas hydrate stabilized zone and winning apparatus thereof are provided, overcome sea bed gas hydrate difficult problem of easily leakage in recovery process, improve the safety in recovery process and the feature of environmental protection.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of reverse recovery method of sea bed gas hydrate stabilized zone, and it comprises the following steps:
S1, blood pressure lowering gas production: beat a bite producing well and pass through sea-bottom deposit nitride layer, gas hydrates stabilized zone, arrive and produce layer, shaft bottom installing submersible pump at producing well, open adjustment valve A, start blood pressure lowering gas production module, the liquid in producing well is extracted by immersible pump, the pressure in producing well is made to reduce, the natural gas that free state gas below gas hydrates stabilized zone and gas hydrates stabilized zone lower surface decompose is under the effect of seabed high hydrostatic pressure, flow in the producing well of low pressure, the fluid-mixing of extraction is through sand-removal device, after immersible pump and choke valve, then through gas-liquid-solid separator, by the gas in fluid-mixing, water and silt are easily separated, isolated mixing gas enters gas trap, the natural gas in mixing gas is made to be segregated into natural gas storage tank, carbon dioxide is segregated into carbon dioxide storage tank,
S2, heat injection are decomposed: open adjustment valve C, start heat injection decomposing module, hot water or steam in thermal medium storage tank are injected by controlling well by high-pressure pump in production layer, the lower surface of gas hydrates stabilized zone decomposes after obtaining heat, gas after decomposition and the hot water of injection or steam by immersible pump by producing well extraction;
S3, carbon dioxide consolidates: closes and regulates valve A and regulate valve C, close blood pressure lowering gas production module and heat injection decomposing module, open adjustment valve B, start carbon dioxide consolidation module, passed into, by control well, the bottom producing layer after being pressurizeed by high-pressure pump by carbon dioxide in carbon dioxide storage tank, the carbon dioxide passed into is at stratum high pressure, under the effect of low temperature environment, with the carbon dioxide hydrate layer that the silt produced in layer and water form solid-state, propelling along with carbon dioxide hydrate layer formation process, carbon dioxide hydrate layer upper surface upwards elapses, the thickness producing layer gradually decreases, when reducing the minimum thickness to production layer, stop to producing layer carbon dioxide injection,
S4, stopping injecting carbon dioxide, after carbon dioxide in payzone to be generated and silt, water are sufficiently formed the carbon dioxide hydrate layer of solid-state, repeat step S1, S2 and S3, so circulate reverse exploitation of gas hydrate stabilized zone, until when sea bed gas hydrate stabilized zone is thinned to suitable depth, stopping producing.
Winning apparatus for the reverse recovery method of sea bed gas hydrate stabilized zone includes blood pressure lowering gas production module, heat injection decomposing module and carbon dioxide consolidation module, described blood pressure lowering gas production module includes producing well, immersible pump, liquid discharging gas producing pipeline, gas-liquid-solid separator and gas trap, producing well is sequentially passed through sea-bottom deposit nitride layer and gas hydrates stabilized zone by sea level, and stretch into production layer, immersible pump is arranged at producing well inside bottom, the lower end of liquid discharging gas producing pipeline is connected with diving delivery side of pump, upper end is connected with the entrance of gas-liquid-solid separator, the entrance of gas outlet's device separated from the gas of gas-liquid-solid separator connects, the gas outlet of gas trap is connected with the entrance of natural gas storage tank, carbon dioxide outlet is connected with the entrance of carbon dioxide storage tank, the pipeline of liquid discharging gas producing pipeline is also equipped with choke valve and regulates valve A, described carbon dioxide consolidation module includes controlling well, flow in pipes and high-pressure pump, control well and sequentially passed through sea-bottom deposit nitride layer and gas hydrates stabilized zone by sea level, and stretch into production layer, flow in pipes is arranged in control well, and lower end is positioned at the bottom controlling well, upper end is connected with high pressure delivery side of pump, and the entrance of high-pressure pump is connected with the outlet of carbon dioxide storage tank, and the pipeline between high-pressure pump and carbon dioxide storage tank is provided with adjustment valve B, described heat injection decomposing module includes heater and thermal medium storage tank, the entrance of heater connects with sea water, outlet connects with the first entrance of thermal medium storage tank, and the outlet of thermal medium storage tank connects with the entrance of high-pressure pump, and the pipeline between thermal medium storage tank and high-pressure pump is provided with adjustment valve C.
The bottom of described producing well is provided with sand-proof device.
The liquid outlet of described gas-liquid-solid separator connects with the second entrance of thermal medium storage tank.
The invention have the advantages that
1, in recovery process, have employed voltage drop method and the method for the reverse exploitation of gas hydrate stabilized zone bottom of heat injection method associating, utilize gas hydrates stabilized zone itself as the cap rock closed, it is gas hydrates stabilized zones owing to producing layer top, bottom is carbon dioxide hydrate solid layer, defines a upper caldding layer and a lower caldding layer, it is ensured that produce the safety of layer recovery process, there is theoretically no the leakage tapped natural gas, the problem of contaminated environment.
2, carbon dioxide is utilized to be easily formed the characteristic of solid water compound, silt after decomposition of hydrate and residue water are carried out consolidation process, ensure that stablizing of the seabottom geology structure after exploitation of gas hydrates, there is supporting role in seabed by the solid carbon dioxide hydrate formed, will not be excessive because of the exploitation of gas hydrates stabilized zone, and cause its underpart that cavity occurs, and then cause submarine geological hazard, such as sea slide and landslide, even cause the generation of tsunami.
3, owing to reasonably make use of CO 2 waste gas, it is to avoid directly discharge in air, reduce the carbon dioxide content in air, decrease atmospheric warming effect. When the carbon dioxide deficiency needed, it is possible to produce the more factory of carbon dioxide to some and enterprise collects, it is ensured that the supply of carbon dioxide.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of reverse exploitation of sea bed gas hydrate stabilized zone;
In figure: 1-producing well, 2-sand-proof device, 3-immersible pump, 4-liquid discharging gas producing pipeline, 5-choke valve, 6-regulates valve A, 7-gas-liquid-solid separator, 8-gas trap, 9-natural gas storage tank, 10-carbon dioxide storage tank, 11-regulates valve B, 12-high-pressure pump, 13-controls well, 14-flow in pipes, 15-heater, 16-thermal medium storage tank, 17-regulates valve C, 18-sea-bottom deposit nitride layer, 19-gas hydrates stabilized zone, 20-produces layer, 21-carbon dioxide hydrate layer, 22-stratum.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following stated.
A kind of reverse recovery method of sea bed gas hydrate stabilized zone, it comprises the following steps:
S1, blood pressure lowering gas production: beat a bite producing well 1 and pass through sea-bottom deposit nitride layer 18, gas hydrates stabilized zone 19, arrive and produce layer 20, shaft bottom installing submersible pump 3 at producing well 1, open adjustment valve A6, start blood pressure lowering gas production module, the liquid in producing well 1 is extracted by immersible pump 3, the pressure in producing well 1 is made to reduce, the natural gas that the following free state gas of gas hydrates stabilized zone 19 and gas hydrates stabilized zone 19 lower surface decompose is under the effect of seabed high hydrostatic pressure, flow in the producing well 1 of low pressure, the fluid-mixing of extraction is through sand-removal device 2, after immersible pump 3 and choke valve 5, then through gas-liquid-solid separator 7, by the gas in fluid-mixing, water and silt are easily separated, isolated mixing gas enters gas trap 8, the natural gas in mixing gas is made to be segregated into natural gas storage tank 9, carbon dioxide is segregated into carbon dioxide storage tank 10,
S2, heat injection is decomposed: open adjustment valve C17, start heat injection decomposing module, hot water or steam in thermal medium storage tank 16 are injected by controlling well 13 by high-pressure pump 12 in production layer 20, the lower surface of gas hydrates stabilized zone 19 decomposes after obtaining heat, natural gas and formation fluid after decomposition pass through immersible pump 3 by producing well 1 extraction, silt after decomposition is due to the barrier effect of sand-proof device 2, major part is all stayed in production layer 20, and sink to the bottom producing layer 20, propelling along with gas hydrates stabilized zone 19 recovery process, the lower surface of gas hydrates stabilized zone 19 upwards elapses, the thickness producing layer 20 is gradually increased, when reaching the maximum gauge producing layer 20, stop to producing layer 20 heat injection,
S3, carbon dioxide consolidates: closes and regulates valve A6 and regulate valve C17, close blood pressure lowering gas production module and heat injection decomposing module, open adjustment valve B11, start carbon dioxide consolidation module, passed into, by control well 13, the bottom producing layer 20 after being pressurizeed by high-pressure pump 12 by carbon dioxide in carbon dioxide storage tank 10, the carbon dioxide passed into is at stratum 22 high pressure, under the effect of low temperature environment, with the carbon dioxide hydrate layer 21 that the silt produced in layer 20 and water form solid-state, propelling along with carbon dioxide hydrate layer 21 forming process, carbon dioxide hydrate layer 21 upper surface upwards elapses, the thickness producing layer 20 gradually decreases, when reducing the minimum thickness to production layer 20, stop to producing layer 20 carbon dioxide injection.
S4, stopping injecting carbon dioxide, after carbon dioxide in payzone 20 to be generated and silt, water are sufficiently formed the carbon dioxide hydrate layer 21 of solid-state, repeat step S1, S2 and S3, so circulate reverse exploitation of gas hydrate stabilized zone 19, until when sea bed gas hydrate stabilized zone 19 is thinned to suitable depth, stopping producing.
As shown in Figure 1, winning apparatus for the reverse recovery method of sea bed gas hydrate stabilized zone includes blood pressure lowering gas production module, heat injection decomposing module and carbon dioxide consolidation module, described blood pressure lowering gas production module includes producing well 1, immersible pump 3, liquid discharging gas producing pipeline 4, gas-liquid-solid separator 7 and gas trap 8, producing well 1 is sequentially passed through sea-bottom deposit nitride layer 18 and gas hydrates stabilized zone 19 by sea level, and stretch into production layer 20, the bottom of described producing well 1 is provided with sand-proof device 2, prevent a large amount of silt from infiltrating liquid discharging gas producing pipeline 4, block, immersible pump 3 is arranged at producing well 1 inside bottom, the lower end of liquid discharging gas producing pipeline 4 is connected with the outlet of immersible pump 3, upper end is connected with the entrance of gas-liquid-solid separator 7, the entrance of gas outlet's device 8 separated from the gas of gas-liquid-solid separator 7 connects, the gas outlet of gas trap 8 is connected with the entrance of natural gas storage tank 9, carbon dioxide outlet is connected with the entrance of carbon dioxide storage tank 10, owing to reasonably make use of CO 2 waste gas, avoid and directly discharge in air, reduce the carbon dioxide content in air, decrease greenhouse effect. being also equipped with choke valve 5 on the pipeline of liquid discharging gas producing pipeline 4 and regulate valve A6, choke valve 5 prevents there is blowout in gas recovery, described carbon dioxide consolidation module includes controlling well 13, flow in pipes 14 and high-pressure pump 12, control well 13 and sequentially passed through sea-bottom deposit nitride layer 18 and gas hydrates stabilized zone 19 by sea level, and stretch into production layer 20, flow in pipes 14 is arranged in control well 13, and lower end is positioned at the bottom controlling well 13, upper end is connected with the outlet of high-pressure pump 12, the entrance of high-pressure pump 12 is connected with the outlet of carbon dioxide storage tank 10, and the pipeline between high-pressure pump 12 and carbon dioxide storage tank 10 is provided with adjustment valve B11, described heat injection decomposing module includes heater 15 and thermal medium storage tank 16, the entrance of heater 15 connects with sea water, outlet connects with the first entrance of thermal medium storage tank 16, the outlet of thermal medium storage tank 16 connects with the entrance of high-pressure pump 12, being provided with adjustment valve C17 on pipeline between thermal medium storage tank 16 and high-pressure pump 12, the liquid outlet of described gas-liquid-solid separator 7 connects with the second entrance of thermal medium storage tank 16.
Claims (4)
1. the reverse recovery method of sea bed gas hydrate stabilized zone, it is characterised in that: it comprises the following steps:
S1, blood pressure lowering gas production: beat a bite producing well (1) and pass through sea-bottom deposit nitride layer (18), gas hydrates stabilized zone (19), arrive and produce layer (20), shaft bottom installing submersible pump (3) at producing well (1), open adjustment valve A(6), start blood pressure lowering gas production module, the liquid in producing well (1) is extracted by immersible pump (3), the pressure in producing well (1) is made to reduce, the natural gas that the following free state mixing gas of gas hydrates stabilized zone (19) and gas hydrates stabilized zone (19) lower surface decompose is under the effect of seabed high hydrostatic pressure, flow in the producing well (1) of low pressure, the fluid-mixing of extraction is after immersible pump (3) and choke valve (5), then through gas-liquid-solid separator (7), by the gas in fluid-mixing, water and silt are easily separated, isolated mixing gas enters gas trap (8), the natural gas in mixing gas is made to be segregated into natural gas storage tank (9), carbon dioxide is segregated into carbon dioxide storage tank (10),
S2, heat injection are decomposed: open adjustment valve C(17), start heat injection decomposing module, hot water or steam in thermal medium storage tank (16) are injected by controlling well (13) by high-pressure pump (12) in production layer (20), the lower surface of gas hydrates stabilized zone (19) decomposes after obtaining heat, and natural gas and formation fluid after decomposition pass through immersible pump (3) by producing well (1) extraction;
S3, carbon dioxide consolidates: closes and regulates valve A(6) and regulate valve C(17), close blood pressure lowering gas production module and heat injection decomposing module, open adjustment valve B(11), start carbon dioxide consolidation module, by the carbon dioxide in carbon dioxide storage tank (10) by being passed into, by control well (13), the bottom producing layer (20) after high-pressure pump (12) pressurization, the carbon dioxide passed into is at stratum (22) high pressure, under the effect of low temperature environment, with the carbon dioxide hydrate layer (21) that the silt produced in layer (20) and water form solid-state, propelling along with carbon dioxide hydrate layer (21) forming process, carbon dioxide hydrate layer (21) upper surface upwards elapses, the thickness producing layer (20) gradually decreases, when reducing the minimum thickness to production layer (20), stop to producing layer (20) carbon dioxide injection,
S4, stopping injecting carbon dioxide, after carbon dioxide in payzone to be generated (20) and silt, water are sufficiently formed the carbon dioxide hydrate layer (21) of solid-state, repeat step S1, S2 and S3, so circulate reverse exploitation of gas hydrate stabilized zone (19), until when sea bed gas hydrate stabilized zone (19) is thinned to suitable depth, stopping producing.
2. the winning apparatus of a kind of reverse recovery method of sea bed gas hydrate stabilized zone as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described reverse winning apparatus of sea bed gas hydrate stabilized zone includes blood pressure lowering gas production module, heat injection decomposing module and carbon dioxide consolidation module, described blood pressure lowering gas production module includes producing well (1), immersible pump (3), liquid discharging gas producing pipeline (4), gas-liquid-solid separator (7) and gas trap (8), producing well (1) is sequentially passed through sea-bottom deposit nitride layer (18) and gas hydrates stabilized zone (19) by sea level, and stretch into the top producing layer (20), immersible pump (3) is arranged at producing well (1) inside bottom, the lower end of liquid discharging gas producing pipeline (4) is connected with the outlet of immersible pump (3), upper end is connected with the entrance of gas-liquid-solid separator (7), the entrance of gas outlet's device separated from the gas (8) of gas-liquid-solid separator (7) connects, the gas outlet of gas trap (8) is connected with the entrance of natural gas storage tank (9), carbon dioxide outlet is connected with the entrance of carbon dioxide storage tank (10), the pipeline of liquid discharging gas producing pipeline (4) is also equipped with choke valve (5) and regulates valve A(6), described carbon dioxide consolidation module includes controlling well (13), flow in pipes (14) and high-pressure pump (12), control well (13) and sequentially passed through sea-bottom deposit nitride layer (18) and gas hydrates stabilized zone (19) by sea level, and stretch into the bottom producing layer (20), flow in pipes (14) is arranged in control well (13), and lower end is positioned at the bottom controlling well (13), upper end is connected with the outlet of high-pressure pump (12), the entrance of high-pressure pump (12) is connected with the outlet of carbon dioxide storage tank (10), pipeline between high-pressure pump (12) and carbon dioxide storage tank (10) is provided with adjustment valve B(11), described heat injection decomposing module includes heater (15) and thermal medium storage tank (16), the entrance of heater (15) connects with sea water, outlet connects with the first entrance of thermal medium storage tank (16), the outlet of thermal medium storage tank (16) connects with the entrance of high-pressure pump (12), and the pipeline between thermal medium storage tank (16) and high-pressure pump (12) is provided with adjustment valve C(17).
3. winning apparatus according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the bottom of described producing well (1) is provided with sand-proof device (2).
4. winning apparatus according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the liquid outlet of described gas-liquid-solid separator (7) connects with the second entrance of thermal medium storage tank (16).
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