CN105624475A - Al-based boron 10 composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Al-based boron 10 composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105624475A CN105624475A CN201511005394.0A CN201511005394A CN105624475A CN 105624475 A CN105624475 A CN 105624475A CN 201511005394 A CN201511005394 A CN 201511005394A CN 105624475 A CN105624475 A CN 105624475A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1005—Pretreatment of the non-metallic additives
- C22C1/1015—Pretreatment of the non-metallic additives by preparing or treating a non-metallic additive preform
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
- C22C1/1073—Infiltration or casting under mechanical pressure, e.g. squeeze casting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
- C22C30/02—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/01—Alloys based on copper with aluminium as the next major constituent
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F1/00—Shielding characterised by the composition of the materials
- G21F1/02—Selection of uniform shielding materials
- G21F1/08—Metals; Alloys; Cermets, i.e. sintered mixtures of ceramics and metals
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Abstract
The invention relates to an Al-based boron 10 composite material and a preparation method thereof and aims to solve the problems of poor shielding effectiveness, easiness in ageing, short service life and difficulty in machining of an existing neutron shielding material. The Al-based boron 10 composite material is prepared from the following materials in percentage by volume: 30 to 75 percent of boron powder and 25 to 70 percent of aluminum metal; and the aluminum metal is pure aluminum or aluminum alloy. The method comprises the following steps of firstly, weighing materials; secondly, preparing a preform; thirdly, preheating; and fourthly casting. The composite material prepared by the preparation method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of uniformity in particle distribution, high density and easiness for machining. The preparation method disclosed by the invention is simple and easy in operation; the process is easily controlled; and the prepared Al-based boron 10 composite material has the characteristics of high density and good neutron shielding performance. The Al-based boron 10 composite material disclosed by the invention is used for security and protection of nuclear radiation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Al base boron 10 matrix material and its preparation method.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of nuclear technique, the safety and protection problem of nuclear radiation also becomes more and more important. When nuclear reactor runs, reactor core can produce the rays such as a large amount of ��, ��, ��, X and proton, neutron, deuteron, fission product radiation, neutron radiation wherein, and penetrativity is strong, periphery personnel and object can be produced strong radiation injury, be the emphasis of shielding.
The shielding of neutron being absorbed, need to select the element that neutron-absorption cross-section is bigger, common elements has helium, lithium, gadolinium, cadmium, europium and boron 10 etc. Wherein samarium and europium complicated process of preparation, expensive, the work-ing life of gadolinium is short, and cadmium is poisonous, carcinogenic, and these elements all can release the very strong gamma-rays of penetrance after absorbing neutron, increases the difficulty of protection. Therefore, to be only second to above-mentioned three kinds of elements, techniques relatively simple and inexpensive for absorption cross section10B becomes the optimal selection that neutron shield absorbs. At present, the novel apptss such as nuclear-propelled submarine, space nuclear installation are badly in need of a kind of effectiveness of shielding height, volume shielding material little, lightweight, and existing lead, tungsten weight are too big; Lead-boron polythene light weight, but effectiveness of shielding is low, can only thicken screen layer, consumes a large amount of effective spaces; Boron steel boron-containing quantity is low, usefulness is low, it is necessary to more thick and heavy structure. These traditional materials are all not suitable with miniaturization, the light-weighted technical requirements such as nuclear-propelled submarine, space nuclear installation. Therefore, this area still needs a kind of lightweight, high-level efficiency neutron shielding material.
Summary of the invention
The present invention to be solved that the effectiveness of shielding of existing neutron shielding material is poor, easy aging, the life-span is short and mechanical workout is difficult problem, and provides a kind of Al base boron 10 matrix material and its preparation method.
A kind of Al base boron 10 matrix material by volume mark be made up of 30%��75% boron powder and 25%��70% aluminum metal; Described aluminum metal is pure aluminum or aluminum alloy.
The preparation method of a kind of Al base boron 10 matrix material completes according to the following steps:
One, weighing: by volume mark takes 30%��75% boron powder and 25%��70% aluminum metal;
Two, precast body is prepared: 30%��75% boron powder step one taken loads to cold pressing in mould makes prefabricated section, obtains boron powder precast body;
Three, preheating: boron powder precast body band mould step 2 obtained moves in process furnace, by the temperature of process furnace from room temperature to 400 DEG C��600 DEG C, is the condition insulation 1h��4h of 400 DEG C��600 DEG C in temperature, obtains preheating boron powder precast body; 25%��70% aluminum metal step one taken is heated to fusing, obtains the aluminum metal of melting;
Four, cast: the preheating boron powder precast body band mould obtained in step 3 is placed on pressing machine table-board, the aluminum metal of melting step 3 obtained is poured into above the boron powder precast body of preheating in mould, pressure is applied by pressing machine, the aluminum metal of melting is made to be infiltrated up in the gap between the boron powder precast body of preheating, treat that the aluminum metal of melting is infiltrated up in the boron powder precast body of preheating completely, cool with the speed of 50 DEG C/min��200 DEG C/min, the demoulding after cooling, obtain ingot casting, i.e. Al base boron 10 matrix material.
The useful effect of the present invention:
1, Al base boron 10 matrix material of the present invention realizes the control of reinforced particulate volume fraction in building-up process by controlling the content of boron powder; By forcing pressurization to strengthen the interface cohesion between boron powder and aluminum substrate; By adjustment matrix alloy composition, improve wetting and metallic aluminium mobility, make aluminum metal liquid be easy to infiltrate boron powder precast body inner; By the surface reaction of adjustment infiltration speed and speed of cooling control boron and aluminium, even particle distribution in obtained matrix material, matrix material density height, mechanical workout is easy.
2, in Al base boron 10 matrix material that prepared by the present invention, boron powder content is 30%��75%, and density is greater than 98%, and flexural strength is at 260MPa��550MPa, and tensile strength, at 200MPa��350MPa, can meet the application requirement of intensity. Boron 10 area density of matrix material be along with boron powder content in Al base boron 10 matrix material and10The increase of B abundance increases, and matrix material contains the boron powder of 30%��75%,10B abundance is 19.78%��99.9%, for sheet metal thickness 3mm, can calculate its boron 10 area density and be approximately 0.041��0.526g/cm3, neutron absorption effectiveness > and 99%. The present invention provides a kind of high neutron shielding properties Al base boron 10 composite material and preparation method thereof, and preparation method's operation simple, easy, technique easily control, and prepare the feature that Al base boron 10 matrix material has density height, neutron shield performance is good.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the microtexture photo of Al base boron 10 matrix material that embodiment one obtains.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: a kind of Al base boron 10 matrix material of present embodiment by volume mark be made up of 30%��75% boron powder and 25%��70% aluminum metal; Described aluminum metal is pure aluminum or aluminum alloy.
Embodiment two: present embodiment and embodiment one the difference is that: described aluminium alloy is a kind of or wherein several combination in Al-Si alloy, made of Al-Cu alloy, Al-Mg alloy, Al-Si-Cu alloy, Al-Si-Mg alloy, Al-Cu-Mg alloy and Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy. Other are identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment three: present embodiment and embodiment one or two the difference is that: in described Al-Si alloy, the massfraction of Si is 1%��25%, in described made of Al-Cu alloy, the massfraction of Cu is 1%��53%, and in described Al-Mg alloy, the massfraction of Mg is 1%��38%. Other are identical with embodiment one or two.
Embodiment four: one of present embodiment and embodiment one to three the difference is that: the purity of boron powder is 80%��99.9999%; Described boron powder is for being rich in10The pure boron of B isotropic substance, wherein10The abundance of B isotropic substance is 19.78%��99.9%, and the particle diameter of described boron powder is 0.1 ��m��100 ��m, one or both the combination that described boron powder is amorphous state and formalizes in state. One of other and embodiment one to three are identical.
Embodiment five: the preparation method of a kind of Al base boron 10 matrix material of present embodiment completes according to the following steps:
One, weighing: by volume mark takes 30%��75% boron powder and 25%��70% aluminum metal;
Two, precast body is prepared: 30%��75% boron powder step one taken loads to cold pressing in mould makes prefabricated section, obtains boron powder precast body;
Three, preheating: boron powder precast body band mould step 2 obtained moves in process furnace, by the temperature of process furnace from room temperature to 400 DEG C��600 DEG C, is the condition insulation 1h��4h of 400 DEG C��600 DEG C in temperature, obtains preheating boron powder precast body; 25%��70% aluminum metal step one taken is heated to fusing, obtains the aluminum metal of melting;
Four, cast: the preheating boron powder precast body band mould obtained in step 3 is placed on pressing machine table-board, the aluminum metal of melting step 3 obtained is poured into above the boron powder precast body of preheating in mould, pressure is applied by pressing machine, the aluminum metal of melting is made to be infiltrated up in the gap between the boron powder precast body of preheating, treat that the aluminum metal of melting is infiltrated up in the boron powder precast body of preheating completely, cool with the speed of 50 DEG C/min��200 DEG C/min, the demoulding after cooling, obtain ingot casting, i.e. Al base boron 10 matrix material.
In present embodiment, the speed of infiltration described in step 4 is 10mm/s��50mm/s.
Embodiment six: present embodiment and embodiment five the difference is that: in step one, by volume mark takes 50% boron powder and 50% aluminum metal. Other are identical with embodiment five.
Embodiment seven: present embodiment and embodiment five or six the difference is that: it is carry out when Heating temperature is greater than aluminum metal fusing point 50 DEG C��100 DEG C that 25%��70% aluminum metal step one taken described in step 4 is heated to melt. Other are identical with embodiment five or six.
Embodiment eight: one of present embodiment and embodiment five to seven the difference is that: the pressure applied by pressing machine in step 4 is 25MPa��50MPa. One of other and embodiment five to seven are identical.
Embodiment nine: one of present embodiment and embodiment five to eight the difference is that: aluminum metal described in step one is pure aluminum or aluminum alloy; Described aluminium alloy is a kind of or wherein several combination in Al-Si alloy, made of Al-Cu alloy, Al-Mg alloy, Al-Si-Cu alloy, Al-Si-Mg alloy, Al-Cu-Mg alloy and Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy; In described Al-Si alloy, the massfraction of Si is 1%��25%, and in described made of Al-Cu alloy, the massfraction of Cu is 1%��53%, and in described Al-Mg alloy, the massfraction of Mg is 1%��38%. One of other and embodiment five to eight are identical.
Embodiment ten: one of present embodiment and embodiment five to nine the difference is that: the purity of the powder of boron described in step one is 80%��99.9999%; Described boron powder is for being rich in10The pure boron of B isotropic substance, wherein10The abundance of B isotropic substance is 19.78%��99.9%, and the particle diameter of described boron powder is 0.1 ��m��100 ��m, one or both the combination that described boron powder is amorphous state and formalizes in state. One of other and embodiment five to nine are identical.
Following examples are adopted to verify the useful effect of the present invention:
Embodiment one: the preparation method of a kind of Al base boron 10 matrix material completes according to the following steps:
One, weighing: by volume mark takes 40% boron powder and 60% aluminum metal; Described boron powder is for being rich in10The simple substance of B isotropic substance without sizing boron, wherein10The abundance of B isotropic substance is 19.78%, and the particle diameter of described boron powder is 0.1 ��m��10 ��m, and purity is 98%; Described aluminum metal is Al-Cu-Mg alloy;
Two, precast body is prepared: 40% boron powder step one taken loads to cold pressing in mould makes prefabricated section, obtains boron powder precast body;
Three, preheating: boron powder precast body band mould step 2 obtained moves in process furnace, by the temperature of process furnace from room temperature to 600 DEG C, is the condition insulation 1h��4h of 600 DEG C in temperature, obtains preheating boron powder precast body; 60% aluminum metal step one taken is heated to fusing when temperature 730 DEG C, obtains the aluminum metal of melting;
Four, cast: the preheating boron powder precast body band mould obtained in step 3 is placed on pressing machine table-board, the aluminum metal of melting step 3 obtained is poured into above the boron powder precast body of preheating in mould, the pressure of 20MPa is applied by pressing machine, the aluminum metal of melting is made to be infiltrated up in the gap between the boron powder precast body of preheating with the speed of 10mm/s, treat that the aluminum metal of melting is infiltrated up in the boron powder precast body of preheating completely, cool with the speed of 100 DEG C/min, the demoulding after cooling, obtain ingot casting, i.e. Al base boron 10 matrix material.
Fig. 1 is the microtexture photo of Al base boron 10 matrix material that embodiment one obtains; As can be seen from the figure matrix material compactness is good, there is not obvious hole. In addition, boron particles is evenly distributed in the composite, it does not have significantly agglomeration. Neutron shield test finds, the shielding rate of thermal neutron can be reached 99% by the thick matrix material of 5mm.
Embodiment two: the preparation method of a kind of Al base boron 10 matrix material completes according to the following steps:
One, weighing: by volume mark takes 50% boron powder and 50% aluminum metal; Described boron powder is for being rich in10The simple substance sizing boron of B isotropic substance, the particle diameter of described boron powder is 10 ��m��30 ��m, and purity is 99%; Described aluminum metal is AlSi alloy;
Two, precast body is prepared: 50% boron powder step one taken loads to cold pressing in mould makes prefabricated section, obtains boron powder precast body;
Three, preheating: boron powder precast body band mould step 2 obtained moves in process furnace, by the temperature of process furnace from room temperature to 550 DEG C, is the condition insulation 1h��4h of 550 DEG C in temperature, obtains preheating boron powder precast body; 50% aluminum metal step one taken is heated to fusing when temperature 700 DEG C, obtains the aluminum metal of melting;
Four, cast: the boron powder precast body band mould of preheating step 3 obtained is placed on pressing machine table-board, the aluminum metal of melting step 3 obtained is poured into above the boron powder precast body of preheating in mould, the pressure of 40MPa is applied by pressing machine, the aluminum metal of melting is made to be infiltrated up in the gap between the boron powder precast body of preheating with the speed of 40mm/s, treat that the aluminum metal of melting is infiltrated up in the boron powder precast body of preheating completely, cool with the speed of 50 DEG C/min, the demoulding after cooling, obtain ingot casting, i.e. Al base boron 10 matrix material.
The neutron shield effect of Al base boron 10 matrix material that testing example two obtains, it has been found that: the shielding efficiency that the shielding efficiency of neutron can be reached the thick matrix material of more than 98%, 3mm by the thick matrix material of 1mm is greater than 99.6%.
Embodiment three: the preparation method of a kind of Al base boron 10 matrix material completes according to the following steps:
One, weighing: by volume mark takes 60% boron powder and 40% aluminum metal; Described boron powder is for being rich in10The pure boron of B isotropic substance, wherein10The abundance of B isotropic substance is 19.78%, and the particle diameter of described boron powder is 30 ��m��100 ��m; Described aluminum metal is AlCu alloy;
Two, precast body is prepared: 60% boron powder step one taken loads to cold pressing in mould A makes prefabricated section, obtains boron powder precast body;
Three, preheating: boron powder precast body band mould step 2 obtained moves in process furnace, by the temperature of process furnace from room temperature to 500 DEG C, is the condition insulation 1h��4h of 500 DEG C in temperature, obtains preheating boron powder precast body; 40% aluminum metal step one taken is heated to fusing when temperature 650 DEG C, obtains the aluminum metal of melting;
Four, cast: the boron powder precast body band mould of preheating step 3 obtained is placed on pressing machine table-board, the aluminum metal of melting step 3 obtained is poured into above the boron powder precast body of preheating in mould, the pressure of 50MPa is applied by pressing machine, the aluminum metal of melting is made to be infiltrated up in the gap between the boron powder precast body of preheating with the speed of 30mm/s, treat that the aluminum metal of melting is infiltrated up in the boron powder precast body of preheating completely, cool with the speed of 150 DEG C/min, the demoulding after cooling, obtain ingot casting, i.e. Al base boron 10 matrix material.
Claims (10)
1. Al base boron 10 matrix material, it is characterised in that Al base boron 10 matrix material by volume mark be made up of 30%��75% boron powder and 25%��70% aluminum metal; Described aluminum metal is pure aluminum or aluminum alloy.
2. a kind of Al base boron 10 matrix material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described aluminium alloy is a kind of or wherein several combination in Al-Si alloy, made of Al-Cu alloy, Al-Mg alloy, Al-Si-Cu alloy, Al-Si-Mg alloy, Al-Cu-Mg alloy and Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy.
3. a kind of Al base boron 10 matrix material according to claim 2, it is characterized in that the massfraction of Si in described Al-Si alloy is 1%��25%, in described made of Al-Cu alloy, the massfraction of Cu is 1%��53%, and in described Al-Mg alloy, the massfraction of Mg is 1%��38%.
4. a kind of Al base boron 10 matrix material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the purity of boron powder is 80%��99.9999%; Described boron powder is for being rich in10The pure boron of B isotropic substance, wherein10The abundance of B isotropic substance is 19.78%��99.9%, and the particle diameter of described boron powder is 0.1 ��m��100 ��m, one or both the combination that described boron powder is amorphous state and formalizes in state.
5. the preparation method of a kind of Al base boron 10 matrix material as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the preparation method of Al base boron 10 matrix material completes according to the following steps:
One, weighing: by volume mark takes 30%��75% boron powder and 25%��70% aluminum metal;
Two, precast body is prepared: 30%��75% boron powder step one taken loads to cold pressing in mould makes prefabricated section, obtains boron powder precast body;
Three, preheating: boron powder precast body band mould step 2 obtained moves in process furnace, by the temperature of process furnace from room temperature to 400 DEG C��600 DEG C, is the condition insulation 1h��4h of 400 DEG C��600 DEG C in temperature, obtains preheating boron powder precast body; 25%��70% aluminum metal step one taken is heated to fusing, obtains the aluminum metal of melting;
Four, cast: preheating boron powder precast body band mould step 3 obtained is placed on pressing machine table-board, the aluminum metal of melting step 3 obtained is poured into above the boron powder precast body of preheating in mould, pressure is applied by pressing machine, the aluminum metal of melting is made to be infiltrated up in the gap between the boron powder precast body of preheating, treat that the aluminum metal of melting is infiltrated up in the boron powder precast body of preheating completely, cool with the speed of 50 DEG C/min��200 DEG C/min, the demoulding after cooling, obtain ingot casting, i.e. Al base boron 10 matrix material.
6. the preparation method of a kind of Al base boron 10 matrix material according to claim 5, it is characterised in that in step one, by volume mark takes 50% boron powder and 50% aluminum metal.
7. the preparation method of a kind of Al base boron 10 matrix material according to claim 5, it is characterised in that it is carry out when Heating temperature is greater than aluminum metal fusing point 50 DEG C��100 DEG C that 25%��70% aluminum metal step one taken described in step 4 is heated to melt.
8. the preparation method of a kind of Al base boron 10 matrix material according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the pressure applied by pressing machine in step 4 is 25MPa��50MPa.
9. the preparation method of a kind of Al base boron 10 matrix material according to claim 5, it is characterised in that aluminum metal described in step one is pure aluminum or aluminum alloy; Described aluminium alloy is a kind of or wherein several combination in Al-Si alloy, made of Al-Cu alloy, Al-Mg alloy, Al-Si-Cu alloy, Al-Si-Mg alloy, Al-Cu-Mg alloy and Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy; In described Al-Si alloy, the massfraction of Si is 1%��25%, and in described made of Al-Cu alloy, the massfraction of Cu is 1%��53%, and in described Al-Mg alloy, the massfraction of Mg is 1%��38%.
10. the preparation method of a kind of Al base boron 10 matrix material according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the purity of the powder of boron described in step one is 80%��99.9999%; Described boron powder is for being rich in10The pure boron of B isotropic substance, wherein10The abundance of B isotropic substance is 19.78%��99.9%, and the particle diameter of described boron powder is 0.1 ��m��100 ��m, one or both the combination that described boron powder is amorphous state and formalizes in state.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107767979A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-03-06 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of composite shielding material and preparation method thereof |
| CN108504909A (en) * | 2018-04-17 | 2018-09-07 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of aluminum-base compound shielding material and preparation method thereof |
| CN111055561A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-24 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Radiation shielding and anti-explosion integrated light composite material |
| CN111055561B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-11-16 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Radiation shielding and anti-explosion integrated light composite material |
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