CN105624475B - A kind of composite of Al bases boron 10 and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

A kind of composite of Al bases boron 10 and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN105624475B
CN105624475B CN201511005394.0A CN201511005394A CN105624475B CN 105624475 B CN105624475 B CN 105624475B CN 201511005394 A CN201511005394 A CN 201511005394A CN 105624475 B CN105624475 B CN 105624475B
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boron
boron powder
composite
bases
aluminum metal
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CN105624475A (en
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武高辉
乔菁
陈国钦
姜龙涛
王丽雪
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1005—Pretreatment of the non-metallic additives
    • C22C1/1015—Pretreatment of the non-metallic additives by preparing or treating a non-metallic additive preform
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
    • C22C1/1073—Infiltration or casting under mechanical pressure, e.g. squeeze casting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
    • C22C30/02—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/01—Alloys based on copper with aluminium as the next major constituent
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F1/00—Shielding characterised by the composition of the materials
    • G21F1/02—Selection of uniform shielding materials
    • G21F1/08—Metals; Alloys; Cermets, i.e. sintered mixtures of ceramics and metals

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of composite of Al bases boron 10 and preparation method thereof, it is related to a kind of composite of Al bases boron 10 and preparation method thereof.The present invention is to solve existing neutron shielding material shield effectiveness is poor, easily aging, short life and the difficult problem of machining.The composite of Al bases boron 10 by volume fraction by 30%~75% boron powder and 25%~70% aluminium into；The aluminum metal is pure aluminum or aluminum alloy.Method：First, weighing；2nd, precast body is prepared；3rd, preheat；4th, cast.Even particle distribution in composite prepared by the present invention, composite consistency is high, and machining is easy.Preparation method of the present invention is simple, easy to operate, technique is easily controlled, and the composite of Al bases boron 10 prepared has the characteristics of consistency is high, neutron shield performance is good.Safety and protection of the present invention for nuclear radiation.

Description

A kind of composite of Al bases boron 10 and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of composite of Al bases boron 10 and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
With the fast development of nuclear technology, the safety and protection problem of nuclear radiation also becomes more and more important.Nuclear reactor During operation, reactor core can produce the rays such as substantial amounts of α, β, γ, X and proton, neutron, deuteron, fission product to radiate, it is therein in Son radiation, penetration capacity is strong, can produce strong radiation injury to periphery personnel and object, is the emphasis of shielding.
The shielding of neutron is absorbed, the element larger to neutron absorption cross-section need to be selected, common elements have helium, lithium, gadolinium, Cadmium, europium and boron 10 etc..Wherein samarium and europium preparation technology is complicated, expensive, and the service life of gadolinium is short, and cadmium is poisonous, carcinogenic, and These elements can all release the very strong gamma-rays of penetrability after neutron is absorbed, and increase the difficulty of protection.Therefore, absorption cross-section is only It is relatively easy and inexpensive inferior to above-mentioned three kinds of elements, technique10B turns into the optimal selection that neutron shield absorbs.At present, core is dived The novel devices such as ship, space nuclear facilities are badly in need of a kind of shield effectiveness high, small volume, lightweight shielding material, existing lead, tungsten weight Amount is too big；Lead-boron polythene light weight, but shield effectiveness is low, can only thicken screen layer, consumes the substantial amounts of useful space；Boron steel Boron content is low, efficiency is low, it is necessary to more thick and heavy structure.It is small-sized that these traditional materials are not suitable with nuclear submarine, space nuclear facilities etc. Change, light-weighted technical requirements.Therefore, this area remains a need for a kind of lightweight, high efficiency neutron shielding material.
The content of the invention
The present invention is to solve existing neutron shielding material shield effectiveness is poor, easily aging, short life and machining Difficult problem, and a kind of composite of Al bases boron 10 and preparation method thereof is provided.
A kind of composite of Al bases boron 10 by volume fraction by 30%~75% boron powder and 25%~70% aluminium into； The aluminum metal is pure aluminum or aluminum alloy.
A kind of preparation method of the composite of Al bases boron 10 is completed according to the following steps：
First, weighing：30%~75% boron powder and 25%~70% aluminum metal are weighed by volume fraction；
2nd, precast body is prepared：30%~75% boron powder that step one is weighed is fitted into be colded pressing in mould and is made prefabricated section, obtained To boron powder precast body；
3rd, preheat：The boron powder precast body band mould that step 2 is obtained is moved in heating furnace, by the temperature of heating furnace from room Temperature is warming up to 400 DEG C~600 DEG C, and 1h~4h is incubated in the condition that temperature is 400 DEG C~600 DEG C, obtains preheating boron powder precast body； 25%~70% aluminum metal that step one is weighed is heated to fusing, the aluminum metal for being melted；
4th, cast：The preheating boron powder precast body band mould that will be obtained in step 3 is placed on pressing machine table-board, by step 3 The aluminum metal of the melting for obtaining is poured into mould above the boron powder precast body of preheating, and pressure is applied by forcing press, makes melting Aluminum metal be infiltrated up in the gap between the boron powder precast body of preheating, aluminum metal to be melted is infiltrated up to the boron powder of preheating completely In precast body, cooled down with the speed of 50 DEG C/min~200 DEG C/min, the demoulding after cooling, obtain ingot casting, i.e. Al bases boron 10 and answer Condensation material.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
1st, the composite of Al bases boron 10 of the invention realizes that particle increases in building-up process by controlling the content of boron powder The control of strong body volume fraction；By forcing the interface cohesion between pressurization enhancing boron powder and aluminum substrate；Closed by adjusting matrix Golden composition, improves wetting and metallic aluminium mobility, aluminum metal liquid is easily penetrated inside boron powder precast body；By adjusting infiltration speed The interfacial reaction of degree and cooling velocity control boron and aluminium, even particle distribution in obtained composite, composite consistency Height, machining is easy.
2nd, boron powder content is 30%~75% in the composite of Al bases boron 10 prepared by the present invention, and consistency is more than 98%, Bending strength can meet the application requirement of intensity in 260MPa~550MPa, tensile strength in 200MPa~350MPa.Composite wood The surface density of boron 10 of material be with the composite of Al bases boron 10 boron powder content and10The increase of B abundance and increased, composite Containing 30%~75% boron powder,10B abundance is 19.78%~99.9%, by taking sheet metal thickness 3mm as an example, can calculate its boron 10 Surface density is about 0.041~0.526g/cm3, neutron absorption effectiveness>99%.The invention provides a kind of neutron shielding high The composite material and preparation method thereof of energy Al bases boron 10, preparation method is simple, easy to operate, technique is easily controlled, the Al bases boron 10 prepared Composite has the characteristics of consistency is high, neutron shield performance is good.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the microstructure photo of the composite of Al bases boron 10 that embodiment one is obtained.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiment one：A kind of composite of Al bases boron 10 of present embodiment is by volume fraction by 30%~75% boron Powder and 25%~70% aluminium into；The aluminum metal is pure aluminum or aluminum alloy.
Specific embodiment two：Present embodiment from unlike specific embodiment one：The aluminium alloy is closed for Al-Si Gold, made of Al-Cu alloy, Al-Mg alloys, Al-Si-Cu alloys, Al-Si-Mg alloys, Al-Cu-Mg alloy and Al-Si-Cu-Mg are closed One kind or wherein several combinations in gold.Other are identical with specific embodiment one.
Specific embodiment three：Present embodiment from unlike specific embodiment one or two：In the Al-Si alloys The mass fraction of Si is 1%~25%, and the mass fraction of Cu is 1%~53%, the Al-Mg alloys in the made of Al-Cu alloy The mass fraction of middle Mg is 1%~38%.Other are identical with specific embodiment one or two.
Specific embodiment four：Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to three：The purity of boron powder It is 80%~99.9999%；The boron powder be rich in10The pure boron of B isotopes, wherein10The abundance of B isotopes is 19.78% ~99.9%, the particle diameter of the boron powder is 0.1 μm~100 μm, and the boron powder is the one kind or two in amorphous state and setting state The combination planted.Other are identical with one of specific embodiment one to three.
Specific embodiment five：A kind of preparation method of the composite of Al bases boron 10 of present embodiment is complete according to the following steps Into：
First, weighing：30%~75% boron powder and 25%~70% aluminum metal are weighed by volume fraction；
2nd, precast body is prepared：30%~75% boron powder that step one is weighed is fitted into be colded pressing in mould and is made prefabricated section, obtained To boron powder precast body；
3rd, preheat：The boron powder precast body band mould that step 2 is obtained is moved in heating furnace, by the temperature of heating furnace from room Temperature is warming up to 400 DEG C~600 DEG C, and 1h~4h is incubated in the condition that temperature is 400 DEG C~600 DEG C, obtains preheating boron powder precast body； 25%~70% aluminum metal that step one is weighed is heated to fusing, the aluminum metal for being melted；
4th, cast：The preheating boron powder precast body band mould that will be obtained in step 3 is placed on pressing machine table-board, by step 3 The aluminum metal of the melting for obtaining is poured into mould above the boron powder precast body of preheating, and pressure is applied by forcing press, makes melting Aluminum metal be infiltrated up in the gap between the boron powder precast body of preheating, aluminum metal to be melted is infiltrated up to the boron powder of preheating completely In precast body, cooled down with the speed of 50 DEG C/min~200 DEG C/min, the demoulding after cooling, obtain ingot casting, i.e. Al bases boron 10 and answer Condensation material.
The speed of the infiltration in present embodiment described in step 4 is 10mm/s~50mm/s.
Specific embodiment six：Present embodiment from unlike specific embodiment five：Volume fraction is pressed in step one Weigh 50% boron powder and 50% aluminum metal.Other are identical with specific embodiment five.
Specific embodiment seven：Present embodiment from unlike specific embodiment five or six：Will described in step 4 It is to be more than 50 DEG C~100 DEG C of aluminum metal fusing point in heating-up temperature that 25%~70% aluminum metal that step one is weighed is heated to melting Under the conditions of carry out.Other are identical with specific embodiment five or six.
Specific embodiment eight：Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment five to seven：Lead in step 4 The pressure that excess pressure machine applies is 25MPa~50MPa.Other are identical with one of specific embodiment five to seven.
Specific embodiment nine：Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment five to eight：Institute in step one Aluminum metal is stated for pure aluminum or aluminum alloy；The aluminium alloy is Al-Si alloys, made of Al-Cu alloy, Al-Mg alloys, Al-Si-Cu conjunctions One kind or wherein several combinations in gold, Al-Si-Mg alloys, Al-Cu-Mg alloy and Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloys；The Al- The mass fraction of Si is 1%~25% in Si alloys, and the mass fraction of Cu is 1%~53% in the made of Al-Cu alloy, described The mass fraction of Mg is 1%~38% in Al-Mg alloys.Other are identical with one of specific embodiment five to eight.
Specific embodiment ten：Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment five to nine：Institute in step one The purity for stating boron powder is 80%~99.9999%；The boron powder be rich in10The pure boron of B isotopes, wherein10B isotopes Abundance is 19.78%~99.9%, and the particle diameter of the boron powder is 0.1 μm~100 μm, and the boron powder is amorphous state and setting state In one or two combination.Other are identical with one of specific embodiment five to nine.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are verified using following examples：
Embodiment one：A kind of preparation method of the composite of Al bases boron 10 is completed according to the following steps：
First, weighing：40% boron powder and 60% aluminum metal are weighed by volume fraction；The boron powder be rich in10The list of B isotopes The unformed boron of matter, wherein10The abundance of B isotopes is 19.78%, and the particle diameter of the boron powder is 0.1 μm~10 μm, and purity is 98%；The aluminum metal is Al-Cu-Mg alloy；
2nd, precast body is prepared：The 40% boron powder that step one is weighed is fitted into be colded pressing in mould and is made prefabricated section, obtain boron powder Precast body；
3rd, preheat：The boron powder precast body band mould that step 2 is obtained is moved in heating furnace, by the temperature of heating furnace from room Temperature is warming up to 600 DEG C, and 1h~4h is incubated in the condition that temperature is 600 DEG C, obtains preheating boron powder precast body；Step one is weighed 60% aluminum metal is heated to fusing, the aluminum metal for being melted under conditions of 730 DEG C of temperature；
4th, cast：The preheating boron powder precast body band mould that will be obtained in step 3 is placed on pressing machine table-board, by step 3 The aluminum metal of the melting for obtaining pours into the pressure for applying 20MPa in mould above the boron powder precast body of preheating by forcing press, The aluminum metal of melting is set to be infiltrated up in the gap between the boron powder precast body of preheating with the speed of 10mm/s, aluminum metal to be melted It is infiltrated up to completely in the boron powder precast body of preheating, is cooled down with the speed of 100 DEG C/min, the demoulding after cooling obtains ingot casting, i.e., The composite of Al bases boron 10.
Fig. 1 is the microstructure photo of the composite of Al bases boron 10 that embodiment one is obtained；As can be seen from the figure it is combined Material compactness is good, in the absence of obvious hole.Additionally, boron particles are evenly distributed in the composite, do not reunite significantly Phenomenon.Neutron shield test finds that 5mm thickness composites are to the shielding rate of thermal neutron up to 99%.
Embodiment two：A kind of preparation method of the composite of Al bases boron 10 is completed according to the following steps：
First, weighing：50% boron powder and 50% aluminum metal are weighed by volume fraction；The boron powder be rich in10The list of B isotopes Matter sizing boron, the particle diameter of the boron powder is 10 μm~30 μm, and purity is 99%；The aluminum metal is AlSi alloys；
2nd, precast body is prepared：The 50% boron powder that step one is weighed is fitted into be colded pressing in mould and is made prefabricated section, obtain boron powder Precast body；
3rd, preheat：The boron powder precast body band mould that step 2 is obtained is moved in heating furnace, by the temperature of heating furnace from room Temperature is warming up to 550 DEG C, and 1h~4h is incubated in the condition that temperature is 550 DEG C, obtains preheating boron powder precast body；Step one is weighed 50% aluminum metal is heated to fusing, the aluminum metal for being melted under conditions of 700 DEG C of temperature；
4th, cast：The boron powder precast body band mould of the preheating that step 3 is obtained is placed on pressing machine table-board, by step 3 The aluminum metal of the melting for obtaining pours into the pressure for applying 40MPa in mould above the boron powder precast body of preheating by forcing press, The aluminum metal of melting is set to be infiltrated up in the gap between the boron powder precast body of preheating with the speed of 40mm/s, aluminum metal to be melted It is infiltrated up to completely in the boron powder precast body of preheating, is cooled down with the speed of 50 DEG C/min, the demoulding after cooling obtains ingot casting, i.e., The composite of Al bases boron 10.
The neutron shield effect of the composite of Al bases boron 10 that testing example two is obtained, finds：1mm thickness composites pair The shield effectiveness of neutron is more than 99.6% up to the shield effectiveness of more than 98%, 3mm thickness composites.
Embodiment three：A kind of preparation method of the composite of Al bases boron 10 is completed according to the following steps：
First, weighing：60% boron powder and 40% aluminum metal are weighed by volume fraction；The boron powder be rich in10The list of B isotopes Matter boron, wherein10The abundance of B isotopes is 19.78%, and the particle diameter of the boron powder is 30 μm~100 μm；The aluminum metal is AlCu Alloy；
2nd, precast body is prepared：The 60% boron powder that step one is weighed is fitted into be colded pressing in mould A and is made prefabricated section, obtain boron Powder precast body；
3rd, preheat：The boron powder precast body band mould that step 2 is obtained is moved in heating furnace, by the temperature of heating furnace from room Temperature is warming up to 500 DEG C, and 1h~4h is incubated in the condition that temperature is 500 DEG C, obtains preheating boron powder precast body；Step one is weighed 40% aluminum metal is heated to fusing, the aluminum metal for being melted under conditions of 650 DEG C of temperature；
4th, cast：The boron powder precast body band mould of the preheating that step 3 is obtained is placed on pressing machine table-board, by step 3 The aluminum metal of the melting for obtaining pours into the pressure for applying 50MPa in mould above the boron powder precast body of preheating by forcing press, The aluminum metal of melting is set to be infiltrated up in the gap between the boron powder precast body of preheating with the speed of 30mm/s, aluminum metal to be melted It is infiltrated up to completely in the boron powder precast body of preheating, is cooled down with the speed of 150 DEG C/min, the demoulding after cooling obtains ingot casting, i.e., The composite of Al bases boron 10.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of composite of Al bases boron 10, it is characterised in that the composite of Al bases boron 10 is by volume fraction by 30% ~ 75% boron powder With 25% ~ 70% aluminium into；The aluminum metal is pure aluminum or aluminum alloy；
The aluminium alloy is Al-Si alloys, made of Al-Cu alloy, Al-Mg alloys, Al-Si-Cu alloys, Al-Si-Mg alloys, Al- One kind or wherein several combinations in Cu-Mg alloys and Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloys；
The mass fraction of Si is 1% ~ 25% in the Al-Si alloys, and the mass fraction of Cu is 1% ~ 53% in the made of Al-Cu alloy, The mass fraction of Mg is 1% ~ 38% in the Al-Mg alloys；
The purity of the boron powder is 80% ~ 99.9999%；The boron powder be rich in10The pure boron of B isotopes, wherein10B isotopes Abundance be 19.78% ~ 99.9%, the particle diameter of the boron powder is 0.1 μm ~ 100 μm, during the boron powder is amorphous state and setting state One or two combination.
2. a kind of preparation method of the composite of Al bases boron 10 as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that Al bases boron 10 is combined The preparation method of material is completed according to the following steps：
First, weighing：30% ~ 75% boron powder and 25% ~ 70% aluminum metal are weighed by volume fraction；
2nd, precast body is prepared：30% ~ 75% boron powder that step one is weighed is fitted into be colded pressing in mould and is made prefabricated section, obtain boron powder Precast body；
3rd, preheat：The boron powder precast body band mould that step 2 is obtained is moved in heating furnace, by the temperature of heating furnace from room temperature liter Temperature, in temperature for 400 DEG C ~ 600 DEG C of condition is incubated 1h ~ 4h, obtains preheating boron powder precast body to 400 DEG C ~ 600 DEG C；By step One 25% ~ 70% aluminum metal for weighing is heated to fusing, the aluminum metal for being melted；
4th, cast：The preheating boron powder precast body band mould that step 3 is obtained is placed on pressing machine table-board, and step 3 is obtained The aluminum metal of melting is poured into mould above the boron powder precast body of preheating, and pressure is applied by forcing press, makes the aluminium gold of melting Category is infiltrated up in the gap between the boron powder precast body of preheating, and aluminum metal to be melted is infiltrated up to the boron powder precast body of preheating completely In, cooled down with the speed of 50 DEG C/min ~ 200 DEG C/min, the demoulding after cooling, obtain ingot casting, the i.e. composite of Al bases boron 10.
3. the preparation method of a kind of composite of Al bases boron 10 according to claim 2, it is characterised in that pressed in step one Volume fraction weighs 50% boron powder and 50% aluminum metal.
4. a kind of preparation method of composite of Al bases boron 10 according to claim 2, it is characterised in that institute in step 4 It is to be more than 50 DEG C ~ 100 DEG C of aluminum metal fusing point in heating-up temperature to state 25% ~ 70% aluminum metal for weighing step one and be heated to fusing Under the conditions of carry out.
5. the preparation method of a kind of composite of Al bases boron 10 according to claim 2, it is characterised in that lead in step 4 The pressure that excess pressure machine applies is 25MPa ~ 50MPa.
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