CN102653000A - Manufacturing method of chromium-aluminum ceramic alloy plate for neutron absorption shielding of nuclear power reactor - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of chromium-aluminum ceramic alloy plate for neutron absorption shielding of nuclear power reactor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a chromium-aluminum ceramic alloy material, discloses a manufacturing plate of a shielding plate for a new fuel storage rack, a spent fuel storage rack and a fuel temporary storage rack of an AP1000 nuclear power plant and particularly relates to the manufacturing method of a boron carbide particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material neutron absorption shielding plate for a nuclear power reactor. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: mixing materials according to the proportion, adopting a two-way extrusion technology and pressing for forming a high-density cylindrical biscuit; placing the biscuit formed by pressing into a heating furnace for preheating, clamping a stock which is uniformly preheated into an extrusion mold which is preheated to the temperature of 400 DEG C, extruding the plate at the pressure of 7000MPa by using a 2000KN press, and finishing the extruded stock to get the neutron absorption shielding plate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of chromium aluminium cermet material; Be used for the barricade manufacturing approach that AP1000 nuclear power plant fresh fuel stores screen work, spent fuel storage screen work and fuel pallet, relate in particular to the manufacturing approach that a kind of boron carbide particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites neutron that is used for nuclear-power reactor absorbs barricade.
Background technology
West room AP1000 nuclear power technology has been obtained leading position at the newly-built nuclear power station of the U.S. at present in the works.This technology has been confirmed as the main route of Chinese three generations's nuclear power technology, and China's import, digestion and absorption are the five big core key technologies of autonomous innovation grasp AP1000 again.China is developing the domestic first third generation nuclear power generating sets of CAP 1400 at present, will start the construction of first unit in 2013 in the Shandong Province.China is that first uses the country of third generation AP1000 design in the world, and 4 Chinese constructions of nuclear reactor are arranged.Expect before the year two thousand twenty, the nuclear power of China is made an investment in more than 2,800 hundred million yuans.
Third generation nuclear power plant fresh fuel stores the barricade of screen work, spent fuel storage screen work and fuel pallet, and barricade plays compensation and regulates neutron reaction property and emergency shut-down.The material of making the shielding version must be that thermal neutron absorption cross section is big, and scattering section is little.Neutron shield needs with the material that big neutron-capture cross section element is arranged, usually boracic.The thermal coefficient of expansion of boron carbide is very low, have heat endurance, stable, the noresidue radiation of thermoneutron radiation preferably.Boron carbide can absorb a large amount of neutrons and can not form any radio isotope, and therefore it is very desirable neutron-absorbing material in the nuclear energy power generation field.The barricade that third generation nuclear power plant fresh fuel stores screen work, spent fuel storage screen work and fuel pallet is the boron carbide particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites.AP100 chromium aluminium pottery (chromium boron carbide particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites) neutron absorber plate development technical conditions that China relevant departments formulate have also been stipulated each item technical indicator.Leading indicator comprises: board dimension is 4370 * 190X (2.7～6.0) millimeter; Matrices of composite material is that aluminium alloy is 6061, boron carbide content 31～45%, and density is not less than 2.635; Tensile strength is not less than 275MPa; Yield strength is not less than 230MPa, and percentage elongation is not less than 2%, through 60 year longevity end-of-term examination nuclear tests (comprise accelerated corrosion, quicken irradiation, the experiment of short-term long term high temperature) etc.
The preparation method of metal-base composites mainly contains powder metallurgic method, semisolid mechanical agitation casting, electromagnetic stirring method, semisolid pressure method of impregnation, spray deposition, semisolid pressure composite algorithm and stress induced fusing activation method or the like.Some research units use powder metallurgic method to make AP100 chromium aluminium pottery (chromium boron carbide particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites) neutron absorber plate, because the limitation of manufacture technology of composite material, the barricade of being developed exists not enough.For example, the neutron shield performance need adds in addition in the liquid of reactor core and contains boron substance and remedy, thereby reduces safety coefficient.Desirable solution is the boron carbide content that improves in the barricade.But when adopting prior powder metallurgy manufactured high-load boron carbide composite material, be combined into density height, sheet material that mechanical property is good but be difficult to initial mixing powder with the high-load boron carbide composite material.
At present, nuclear power industry presses for a kind of barricade manufacturing technology of chromium boron carbide particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites thermal neutron of high boron carbide content.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of chromium boron carbide particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites sheet material pressing method with shielding thermal neutron of high boron carbide content.
The present invention realizes above purpose like this; The boron carbide powder of dry chromium powder, Al alloy powder and the high-temperature process of certain particle size is mixed to scale; In two-way cold compaction mould, be pressed into the high-compactness biscuit; With near the temperature of the biscuit rapid and uniform heating liquidus curve of aluminium alloy, be squeezed into slab in the near liquidus temperature then, the slab with hot extrusion obtains neutron absorption barricade through multi-pass warm-rolling and post processing at last thereupon.
Analyze the technology of many different manufacturing particle enhanced aluminum-based composite materials, comprised powder rolling, big extruder extruding, semisolid stirrings-rolling, the compound casting feasibility that is used to make barricade such as crowded.The content of the highest boron carbide that barricade requires substantially exceeds in the above technology upper limit that particle is allowed content.Therefore, the boron carbide particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites plate manufacturing process that needs the shielding thermal neutron of a kind of high boron carbide content newly of research and development.Belong to the superhard material of hardness based on boron carbide inferior to diamond, boron nitride etc.; And in order to improve chromium boron carbide particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites barricade thermal neutron screening ability; Also need the content of boron carbide further be improved, make the manufacturing process difficulty strengthen.The chromium boron carbide particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites extruding difficulty of high boron carbide content, and the barricade interior void of producing is many, mechanical property is low, does not reach technical standard order.When the boron carbide content in the chromium boron carbide particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites is very high, compacting blank and extrusion molding difficulty, when especially extrusion ratio is big, all the more so.The porosity height of compacting base and stripper plate, when a little less than the adhesion of boron carbide in the composite and alloy matrix aluminum, alloy matrix aluminum can not form under the situation of contiguous network, the mechanical property of manufactured goods, neutron shield ability and other technical indicator all reduce.
The imagination of the new technology of the present invention research and development, the one, increase metallic matrix wetting mutually and between the boron carbide particles or make it to take place slight chemical reaction, to promote metallic matrix mutually and combine between the boron carbide particles firmly; The 2nd, make metal obtain maximum plastic deformation ability, make aluminium alloy when distortion, more be evenly distributed on the space between the boron carbide particles, make alloy matrix aluminum become continuous three-dimensional internet network simultaneously.The three-dimensional internet network that above approach can make metal form in the boron carbide gap is even approximately, and provides the possibility that improves the boron carbide ratio also high more, and last performance of composites also will obtain to improve.
For guaranteeing the realization of above-mentioned imagination, the present invention has taked the multiple technologies means, comprises that powder raw material selection, surface treatment, high-compactness biscuit are colded pressing, near liquidus preheating and extruding, multi-pass warm-rolling etc.
For all even increase boron carbide of the three-dimensional internet network content that metal is formed in the boron carbide gap, require the bulk density of boron carbide powder to want big.The powder nature bulk density of single granularity is little, the mixed uniformly powder of multiple different grain size, and bulk density character improves.Bulk density is big, the gap network is even.Mix for many granularities of spherical powder in theory, in order to obtain maximum bulk density, adjacent thick/fine grain diameter is than greater than 7, maximum particle size accounts for 73% ratio.For this reason, the order number that powder of the present invention is selected is 60 orders, 320 orders, 2000 orders, and mass ratio is 73: 14: 10.
The shape of powder particle can have influence on the flowability and the apparent density of powder, because the engagement of particle room machine, the compact strength of irregular powder is also big, and particularly its compacting base intensity of dendritic powder is maximum.Boron carbide spherical powder price is more much higher than the irregular powder, so the present invention selects irregular polygonal boron carbide powder.The powder all properties comprises: the geometrical performance of powder (granularity, specific surface, aperture and shape etc.); The chemical property of powder (chemical composition, purity, oxygen content and acid non-soluble substance etc.); The mechanical characteristic of powder (apparent density, flowability, formability, compressibility, stocking angle and the angle of shear etc.); The physical property of powder and surface characteristic (real density, gloss, wave absorbtion, surface-active).Powder property has often determined the performance of powder metallurgy product to a great extent.
The granularity of Al alloy powder is more little, and activity is big more, just easier oxidation and suction of surface; The chemistry suction of thoroughly removing the aluminium surface is very difficult, need be heated in theory about 900 ℃, and therefore very thin Al alloy powder is difficult to thoroughly dewater.Higher oxygen content can reduce the mechanical property of suppression performance, compact strength and sintered article, so in the most of technical conditions of powder metallurgy this is all had certain regulation.For example, the permission oxygen content of powder is 0.2%～1.5%, and this is equivalent to oxide content is 1%～10%.In addition, aluminium alloy depends primarily on plastic deformation in the distribution of composite products of the present invention, and therefore, the present invention selects thicker powder.Therefore, Al alloy powder is selected 100 purpose meal.
The powder surface state has very big influence for the density and the mechanical property of final products.Aspect surface clean or metallization all promote the seam of deformation process.The present invention is at 200 ℃ of temperature drying Al alloy powders and chromium powder for this reason; At 800 ℃ of temperature sintering boron carbide powder, to remove other adsorbate of surface and to make it to produce the oxide layer of a chromium molecular layer on the surface.The powder cylinder is adopted in the mixing of Al alloy powder and boron carbide powder then, and adding chromium plating steel ball mixes in cylinder.In the percussion that the chromium plating steel ball mixes, friction and the weld layer of Al alloy powder on the boron carbide surface takes place to be formed, boron carbide promptly occurs and aluminized by machinery.Control is suitable, and boron carbide is aluminized showing significant surface metalation effect by machinery.Help to overcome boron carbide powder and contact nonwettingly with molten metal, improve the even distribution of aluminium alloy phase and improve interface binding power.
With the mixture of powders cold compaction biscuit of handling, because barricade needs large-sized biscuit,, adopt the technology of two-way extruding biscuit, and be coated with lubricant at die surface before the extruding for obtaining highdensity blank.Use the 20000KN forcing press, under the pressure of 700MPa, be pressed into diameter and be 250 millimeters high-compactness biscuit, the density of biscuit is greater than 90%.
The coefficient of internal friction of superb hard carbon boron powder content powder solid briquetting is very big; When the large extrusion ratio mould carries out conventional solid-state extrusion sheet material; Huge internal friction hinders the detrusion of pressing material strongly, even causes the stewing car fault of extrusion process, and extrusion process can't be carried out.The effective ways that the internal friction of reduction powder biscuit just can make extruding carry out smoothly.In addition; The aluminium alloy hydrostatic pressure that the barricade product network be shaped to lean on the three-dimensional compression of detrusion and the extruding of large extrusion ratio to be is mobile; Therefore, the extrusion molding condition of barricade will help the distortion of aluminium alloy phase and the filtration attitude in the boron carbide powder gap and flows.No doubt Al alloy powder is carried out the semisolid operation and can realize high rheology, but technical parameter is strict, complicated process of preparation, through engineering approaches difficulty.For this reason, the present invention adopts biscuit at first is heated to aluminium alloy near liquidus temperature, and insulation, hot extrusion then.The crimp of near liquidus semisolid becomes plate to reduce internal friction significantly.Because the sheet material specification is different, high boron carbide needs the gap of filling narrower narrow, in order further to reduce internal friction, adopts higher preheating and extrusion temperature usually.
But the crimp of near liquidus semisolid becomes the plate process, also the phenomenon that liquid aluminum alloy is extruded from the boron carbide powder gap possibly take place, and promptly filters phenomenon and causes the aluminium alloy of regional area to run off, and makes boron carbide skewness in the composite product.The boron carbide skewness is the unallowed major defect of a kind of barricade.Aluminium alloy seepage flow for boron carbide particles hole under the situation of the present invention can both be described with Darcy's law.Seepage discharge and percolation path length through porous media in the unit interval are inversely proportional to, and are directly proportional with the discharge section area and the loss of flood peak.Known from hydraulics, through the flow velocity of a certain section and the product of the cross-section of river.Show that percolation flow velocity is directly proportional with the hydraulic gradient first power.Explain that hydraulic gradient and percolation flow velocity are linear.This law fluid is directly proportional with the size of hydraulic gradient and the permeance property of medium through the speed of porous media.Along with the increase of seepage velocity, inertia force also increases, and when inertia force during near frictional resistance, no longer is linear relationship between seepage velocity and the hydraulic gradient, has departed from Darcy's law.Liquid phase-when solid phase coexistence mixture is extruded, the liquid filtering phenomenon possibly occur, promptly liquid is extruded from mixture.Think that the critical condition that takes place to filter meets Darcy's law.Liquid phase is too much, liquid phase viscosity is little, liquid phase to solid phase surface wetting good, pressure is big, can both promote to filter phenomenon.
Because the solidification temperature range of block 6061 aluminium alloys is in 555 ℃～640 ℃, liquidus temperature is about 560 ℃.Through experiment, the base substrate of different boron carbide powder content is looked for best preheating and extrusion temperature, generally be that boron carbide powder is thinner, content is high more, temperature is higher.Based on this, under the fixing situation of many factors, general it is bigger to make metal be in viscosity mutually through regulating heating-up temperature, the good lower temperature range of plasticity still again, the problem of extruding with regard to the solution liquid filtration that can be satisfied with.
Large plastometric set is adopted in the sheet material extruding, and extrusion ratio is greater than 20.Plastic deformation and detrusion take place seriously to push in the aluminium alloy isolated island in the mould in the composite wood material base under big external pressure effect; Detrusion can not only become the state that disperse distributes with the non-metal powder of reuniting; Also can prepare noresidue cavity bulk metal based composites, promptly refine to the crystallite dimension of alloy matrix aluminum sub-micron and push the gap that is filled to the hard boron carbide particles.Another main technologic parameters is the sheet material extruded velocity in the barricade extrusion process, and extruded velocity is too fast, and when sheet material leaves the die working length outlet, if aluminium alloy does not solidify mutually fully, many extrusion defects will appear in strip.In addition, the slab of extruding is because aluminium alloy when not solidifying fully mutually, and the cohesive force of material is little, loses expansion that three phase pressures are caused suddenly and causes that the sheet material density reduces, the sheet material shape and size are not poor.Therefore, general extruded velocity is significantly less than the extruded velocity of general 6061 aluminium alloy sheets, and experimental result shows that extrusion speed is about 1 meter/minute, roughly be the conventional panels extruding less than 1/3rd.The sheet material of near liquidus extrusion molding of the present invention, alloy matrix aluminum have the network structure of three-dimensional communication, and the interface combines closely.
The present invention is through the technology adjustment; The parameter such as thickness, ceramic powders content and kind, temperature, pressure, extrusion ratio that comprises stripper plate; Produce the pottery of multiple other type and the mixed-powder base and the stripper plate of metal, prepared the metal-ceramic composite material of high strength, high thermal stability.Promptly should remove and can be used for the nuclear reactor barricade, also can make the armour plate of vehicle such as military tank etc., national defence and civilian was had significance.
Specific embodiment
Boron carbide powder order number is 60 orders, 320 orders, 2000 orders, is 73: 14: 10 batchings by mass ratio once, and the boron carbide total amount accounts for 40% in composite; Boron carbide oxidation temperature 800 ℃, 2 hours.1100 purpose chromium powders, 100 purposes, 6061 Al alloy powders account for 0.35% and 59.65% respectively in composite, drying is 1 hour in 200 ℃ of baking ovens of temperature.The boron carbide powder of dry Al alloy powder and chromium powder, oxidation processes is put into cylinder and is mixed the powder machine, and in cylinder, adds the chromium plating steel ball, and start mixed 4 hours.In the percussion that the chromium plating steel ball mixes, friction and the weld layer of Al alloy powder on the boron carbide surface takes place to be formed, boron carbide promptly occurs and aluminized by machinery.Control is suitable, and boron carbide is aluminized showing significant surface metalation effect by machinery.
Adopt the technology of two-way extruding biscuit, and be coated with the emulsification graphitic lubricant at die surface before the extruding.Use the 20000KN forcing press, under the pressure of 700MPa, be pressed into cross-sectional diameter and be 250 millimeters the cylindrical biscuit of high-compactness, the density of biscuit is greater than 90%.The manufacturing biscuit of colding pressing is put into the heating furnace preheating, 560 ℃ of preheat temperatures, insulation 1 hour.At this moment, the aluminium alloy in the blank is under the near liquidus temperature, but the globality of base is not destroyed.With clamp specially the uniform blank of preheating is clipped in the extrusion die that is preheating to 400 ℃.Use the pressure extrusion sheet material of 2000KN forcing press with 7000MPa.Extrusion ratio is 25, and extruded velocity is 1 meter/minute, roughly be conventional panels extruding less than 1/3rd.The best extruded velocity of different product need be formulated through the experiment back.The template of hot extrusion sheet material and size generally all have bigger error with technical stipulation, generally adopt positive error.After the hot extrusion slab being heated to 380 ℃ temperature, on the hot-rolling milling train, with every time light reduction of about 1%, multi-pass warm-rolling, up to warm-rolling to the template and the dimensional accuracy that need.Again with 250 ℃, 2 hours with sheet material heating and insulation, slowly cooling, to eliminate the residual thermal stress of warm-rolling.Post processing comprises cutting to length, anodized etc.
Plate surface is smooth, present metallic luster, do not find not have tangible metallurgical imperfection.The existing inside of analysis bank hair-weaving has small aluminum alloy melt to solidify shrinkage cavity, and boron carbide is evenly distributed.The aluminium alloy network is uniformly distributed in the boron carbide particles gap, and the border of matrix and boron carbide is also not obvious, explains that the interface combines better.Sample density 2.65, tensile strength 280MPa, yield strength 240MPa, percentage elongation 2%, hardness 4000HV.Tentatively carried out accelerated corrosion, acceleration irradiation, the experiment of short-term long term high temperature, performance reaches specification requirement.
Claims (3)
1. the chromium aluminium ceramal production method of the thermal neutron barricade that uses of a nuclear power station is characterized in that:
(1) 60 order, 320 orders, 200 purpose boron carbide powders according to 73: 14: 10 batching backs 800 ℃ of oxidation processes 2 hours; 1100 purpose chromium powders and 100 purpose Al alloy powders are in 200 ℃ the baking oven dry 1 hour in temperature; With boron carbide powder, chromium powder, Al alloy powder is even by 40%: 59.65%: 0.35% mixed, and in cylinder, adds the chromium plating steel ball, and start mixed 4 hours;
(2) adopt two-way extrusion process, use the 2000KN forcing press, under the pressure of 700Mpa, being pressed into cross-sectional diameter is 250mm, and density is greater than 90% cylindrical biscuit;
(3) biscuit that is pressed into is put into the heating furnace preheating, and preheat temperature is 560 ℃, is incubated 1 hour;
(4) the uniform blank of preheating is clipped in the extrusion die that is preheating to 400 ℃, use the pressure extrusion sheet material of 2000KN forcing press with 7000MPa, extrusion ratio is 25;
(5) the extruded stock finishing is obtained neutron and absorb barricade.
2. chromium aluminium ceramal production method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: before the extruding of step (2), be coated with the emulsification graphitic lubricant at die surface.
3. chromium aluminium ceramal production method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, after the extruded stock finishing with step 5 acquisition, carries out cutting to length, anodic oxidation.
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| CN103341518A (en) * | 2013-06-05 | 2013-10-09 | 浙江富丽华铝业有限公司 | Manufacture method of aluminium boron alloy board for nuclear power |
| CN105624475A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-06-01 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Al-based boron 10 composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN105642691A (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2016-06-08 | 中国重型机械研究院股份公司 | Aluminum base ceramic powder reinforced composite material extruding device and extruding method |
| CN106548815A (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2017-03-29 | 东莞理工学院 | A kind of large radius end plane angle is 45 degree of neutron-absorbing laminate manufacture craft |
| CN108863442A (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2018-11-23 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of neutron shield composite material and preparation method |
| CN112789124A (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2021-05-11 | 万腾荣公司 | Method for heating strip products |
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