CN105623772A - 一种生物质燃料的制备方法及其专用设备 - Google Patents

一种生物质燃料的制备方法及其专用设备 Download PDF

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CN105623772A
CN105623772A CN201610017684.5A CN201610017684A CN105623772A CN 105623772 A CN105623772 A CN 105623772A CN 201610017684 A CN201610017684 A CN 201610017684A CN 105623772 A CN105623772 A CN 105623772A
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冯海平
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    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/08—Drying or removing water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/28—Cutting, disintegrating, shredding or grinding
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    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/30—Pressing, compressing or compacting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/32—Molding or moulds
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    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract

本发明提供一种生物质燃料的制备方法及其专用设备，其解决了现有生物质燃料的制备方法中存在的烘干机浪费资源、生产效率低、存在环境污染的技术问题。将木料和秸秆进行混合；将上述原材料粉碎成粒状物；将粒状物送入除硬质杂质用木渣烘干机中烘干；将烘干物送入挤压机中进行挤压，得到生物质燃料；除硬质杂质用木渣烘干机设有烘热室、送料机、烘干筒和抽风机，烘干筒一端连接所述烘热室，另一端连接烘干机；烘干筒上设有送料机，出料端设有排废孔，排废孔下方设有排废管，排废管下方设有排废架。本发明可广泛应用于生物质燃料的制备领域。

Description

一种生物质燃料的制备方法及其专用设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种燃料的制备方法及其专用设备，特别是涉及一种生物质燃料的制备方法及其专用设备。
背景技术
生物质燃料作为一种以废物为原料的新型清洁燃料，因其节能环保、发热量大和价格低廉等优点，得到大力推广。
公开号为CN104073316A的中国发明专利申请公开了一种生物质燃料的生产方法，涉及一种低结渣性生物质燃料的生产方法。以农作物秸秆、园林绿化垃圾和木屑等生物质为主要原料，经过粉碎干燥后，添加氧化剂和防结渣剂，混合制粒后得到生物质颗粒燃料。
但是，该方法也存在一些问题，例如，原料配比不全理，燃料热值不高；木渣烘干机是木渣烘干的专用设备，用于将废旧木料切断、粉碎、烘干、压制成致密的颗粒状木渣料生产线。废旧木渣中常有石粒、铁钉等硬质杂物，现有烘干机的烘干筒为封闭式，只能把木渣烘干，不能去除硬质杂质，从而导致后续压制模具非正常磨损严重，甚至损坏的情况经常发生，压制模具损坏生产不能进行，生产效率大大降低；维修更换压制模具又需要人力物力，资源浪费严重；另外，该方法还需要添加化学添加剂，会造成一定的环境污染。
发明内容
本发明针对现有生物质燃料的制备方法中存在的烘干机浪费资源、生产效率低、存在环境污染的技术问题，提供一种节约成本、生产效率高、清洁环保的生物质燃料的制备方法及其专用设备。
为此，本发明提供一种生物质燃料的制备方法，其包括如下步骤：(1)将木料粉碎成颗粒直径分别为4～7mm的颗粒和直径1～3mm的木屑、秸杆粉碎成颗粒直径1～3mm的粒状物，然后进行混合；(2)将步骤(1)中的粒状物送入除硬质杂质用木渣烘干机中烘干，烘干温度为90～98摄氏度，烘干时间为10～20分钟；(3)将步骤(2)中的烘干物送入挤压机中进行挤压，得到生物质燃料；除硬质杂质用木渣烘干机，其设有烘热室、送料机、烘干筒和抽风机，所述烘干筒一端连接所述烘热室，另一端连接所述烘干机；所述烘干筒上设有所述送料机，出料端设有排废孔，所述排废孔下方设有排废管，所述排废管下方设有排废架。
优选地，步骤(1)中，木料颗粒直径为6mm，木屑直径2mm、秸杆颗粒直径2mm，木料颗粒、木屑、秸杆颗粒的质量份数比为5：3：2。
优选地，步骤(3)中，烘干温度为95摄氏度；烘干时间为15分钟。
优选地，步骤(3)中，所述挤压机转矩为1580N.m。
本发明同时提供上述方法中所用的除硬质杂质用木渣烘干机，其设有烘热室、送料机、烘干筒和抽风机，烘干筒一端连接烘热室，另一端连接烘干机；烘干筒上设有送料机，出料端设有排废孔，排废孔下方设有排废管，排废管下方设有排废架。
优选地，排料架为带斜坡的U型槽。
优选地，排废孔开口大小为30厘米*30厘米，排废管高度为1米，排废架的倾斜角度为45度。
本发明有益效果是，通过在烘干筒出料端设置排废孔、排废管和排废架，能够去除在烘干旋转过程中一直处于底部的硬质杂质，从而减少后续压制磨具的非正常磨损，节约了成本，保证了生产效率；同时，本发明优化了原材料的配比及相关条件，燃烧热值较高，无化学添加剂，清洁无污染。
附图说明
图1是本发明的主视图；
图2是本发明出料端的右视图。
图中符号说明：
1.烘热室；2.送料机；3.烘干筒；4.排废孔；5.抽风机；6.排废管；7.排废架。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步描述。
如图1和图2所示，本发明中所用的除硬质杂质用木渣烘干机，设有烘热室1、送料机2、烘干筒3和抽风机5，烘干筒3一端连接烘热室1，另一端连接抽风机5；烘干筒3上设有送料机2。通过在烘干筒3出料端设置排废孔4、排废管6和排废架7，能够去除在烘干旋转过程中一直处于底部的硬质杂质，从而减少后续压制磨具的非正常磨损，节约了成本，保证了生产效率。
排料架7为带斜坡的U型槽，便于硬质杂质集中排出；排废孔4开口大小为30厘米*30厘米，排废管6高度为1米，排废架7的倾斜角度为45度。
利用上述设备进行生物质燃料的加工时，包括如下步骤：将木料粉碎成颗粒直径分别为6mm的颗粒和直径2mm的木屑，秸杆粉碎成颗粒直径2mm的粒状物，然后进行混合；其中，直径6mm的木料颗粒5份，直径2mm的木屑3份，颗粒直径2mm的秸杆粒状物2份；秸杆可以是玉米秸杆，也可以是其它农作物秸秆；(2)将步骤(1)中的粒状物送入除硬质杂质用木渣烘干机中烘干，烘干温度为95摄氏度；烘干时间为15分钟；(3)将步骤(2)中的烘干物送入挤压机中进行挤压，转矩为1580N.m，得到生物质燃料。
本发明中用挤压机的生产厂家为济宁市田农机械有限公司，产品型号为制粒机MZLH600。
本发明中生物质成型燃料主要燃烧性能指标和与煤的燃烧排放指标如下表所示：
生物质成型燃料主要燃烧性能指标：
煤与生物质燃料燃烧排放比较：
排放指标 SO2 NOx
山东省燃煤锅炉排放标准 200毫克/立方米 300毫克/立方米
乳山燃煤锅炉排放现状 800-1000毫克/立方米 800-1000毫克/立方米
生物质锅炉排放指标 46毫克/立方米 14毫克/立方米

Claims (7)

1.一种生物质燃料的制备方法，其特征是包括如下步骤：
(1)将木料粉碎成颗粒直径分别为4～7mm的颗粒和直径1～3mm的木屑、秸杆粉碎成颗粒直径1～3mm的粒状物，然后进行混合；
(2)将步骤(1)中的粒状物送入除硬质杂质用木渣烘干机中烘干，烘干温度为90～98摄氏度，烘干时间为10～20分钟；
(3)将步骤(2)中的烘干物送入挤压机中进行挤压，得到生物质燃料；
所述除硬质杂质用木渣烘干机，其设有烘热室、送料机、烘干筒和抽风机，所述烘干筒一端连接所述烘热室，另一端连接所述烘干机；所述烘干筒上设有所述送料机，出料端设有排废孔，所述排废孔下方设有排废管，所述排废管下方设有排废架。
2.根据权利要求1所述的生物质燃料的制备方法，其特征在于所述步骤(1)中，木料颗粒直径为6mm，木屑直径2mm，秸杆颗粒直径2mm，木料颗粒、木屑、秸杆颗粒的质量份数比为5：3：2。
3.根据权利要求1所述的生物质燃料的制备方法，其特征在于所述步骤(2)中，烘干温度为95摄氏度；烘干时间为15分钟。
4.根据权利要求1所述的生物质燃料的制备方法，其特征在于所述步骤(3)中，所述挤压机转矩为1580N.m。
5.一种除硬质杂质用木渣烘干机，其特征是设有烘热室、送料机、烘干筒和抽风机，所述烘干筒一端连接所述烘热室，另一端连接所述烘干机；所述烘干筒上设有所述送料机，出料端设有排废孔，所述排废孔下方设有排废管，所述排废管下方设有排废架。
6.据权利要求5所述的除硬质杂质用木渣烘干机，其特征在于所述排料架为带斜坡的U型槽。
7.据权利要求5所述的除硬质杂质用木渣烘干机，其特征在于所述排废孔开口大小为30厘米*30厘米，所述排废管高度为1米，所述排废架的倾斜角度为45度。
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