A kind of low molecule soybean peptide and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to soybean deep processing technology fields, and in particular to a kind of low molecule soybean peptide and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
China is since reform and opening-up 37 years 1978, and living standards of the people quickly improve, and substance extreme enrichment, this is also same
When causing the Chinese that the age in last century 40-60 is born and having striden middle aged quickly from " malnutrition " of nonage
" overnutrition " of phase, the great change of this dietary structure, the excess of caloric intake cause this generation Chinese generally by high blood
Pressure, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia " three high " disease puzzlement.After they step into person in middle and old age, since that eats not scientific generally draws
" rich people's disease " has been sent out, has caused great pain to personal and family.
With advancing age, the vigor of various enzymes constantly fails in digestive system, so when to have eaten big fish big by the elderly
After meat, the comparison that grease is digested absorption is more, becomes the fat accumulation of body, therefore many elderlys can be fat.
However the protein in food not how many really utilized, it is various thin in the muscle and immune system in our bodies
Born of the same parents and enzyme are made of the nutritional ingredient based on protein, since the supplement of protein is not caught up with, arrived person in middle and old age with
Afterwards, our muscle can gradually appear atrophy, the puzzlement such as immunity degradation of body.Therefore, research and develop one kind be easy to by
The albumen being absorbed and utilized reduces hypertension, hyperlipidemia and high blood to the body immunity for improving people, the especially middle-aged and the old
The disease incidence of the diseases such as sugar has great importance to people's lives level is improved.
In recent years, it gradually by the soybean peptide of people's extensive concern relative to soybean protein and amino acid, is easier to absorb, and
Infiltration rate faster, can improve body metabolism rate, reduce body fat content, improve old human isometric strength.Largely
Experimental study shows that soya-bean polypeptides have the function of to reduce cancer mortality, promote sportsman's endurance and relieve the effect of alcohol, specifically:
First, American Society of Epidemiology confirms, human consumption soybean food can reduce the death rate of cancer, especially prostate
Cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer.Asian countries people have the tradition of human consumption soybean and soybean protein.On the contrary, the U.S. takes in for each person
Soybean protein it is relatively smaller, therefore, American is relatively high to the morbidity and mortality of prostate and breast cancer.Soybean
Polypeptide is compared with soybean protein, not only has essential amino acid identical with soybean protein, but also it is digested and assimilated than soybean egg
It is white many fastly, therefore soya-bean polypeptides are well many than soybean protein in the effect for reducing cancer mortality.
Second, soya-bean polypeptides can promote the increase of long-distance runner's lean body mass, improve level of serum testosterone, illustrate that soybean is more
Peptide can promote protein to synthesize, meanwhile, supplement RPE (conscious degree of fatigue) after its training of the middle-distance runner of soya-bean polypeptides
Grade can reduce, and show that soya-bean polypeptides have certain antifatigue effect.After its movement of the sportsman of intake soya-bean polypeptides in vivo
Serokinase level can reduce, and show that soya-bean polypeptides have and promote skeletal muscle tissue injury repair and the intracellular creatine kinase of reduction
The effect of extravasation.
Third, 3 kind main metabolic pathways of the ethyl alcohol in liver cell are ADH (alcohol dehydrogenase), MEOS (microsomal ethanol oxygen
Change), CAT (peroxidase) approach.It can produce a large amount of free radical due to entering intracorporal alcohol and its metabolite, it can be right
The organs such as liver cause to damage.The soybean peptide of relative molecular weight 2000Da has good antioxidant activity, can effectively remove
The free radical that alcohol metabolism generates reduces the generation of peroxide, reduces the damage to liver;Meanwhile alcohol is easily to stomach and intestine
Road mucous membrane causes to damage, and soybean peptide can be quickly absorbed because molecular weight is small, there is the function of fabulous reparation gastrointestinal mucosa.
Currently, domestic production soybean peptide product raw material sources are complicated.Currently, relatively multi-purpose is that defatted soybean meal is dissolved in water,
Its pH value is adjusted to soy protein isoelectric point, precipitates soybean protein, separates and remove supernatant;Acid after adding alkali neutralization to be centrifuged
Property soya-bean milk liquid, it is enzyme to be digested, be centrifugated, sterilization, flash distillation deodorization, be spray-dried, standardization, packaging and obtain.Gained is big
Beans peptide product molecular weight is not concentrated, and is not easy to be fully absorbed, and deposit is also easy to produce under acid condition, and product quality is not easily-controllable
System, product have the peculiar smell in addition to soybean peptide.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art, one of the objects of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparations of low molecule soybean peptide
The soybean peptide content of method, preparation is high, molecular weight Relatively centralized, and assimilation effect is significant.
Meanwhile the object of the invention is also to provide a kind of anti-oxidant, lowering blood pressure and blood fat, reduce low point of cholesterol
Sub- soybean peptide.
In order to achieve the goal above, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that:
A kind of preparation method of low molecule soybean peptide, including following operating procedure:
1) under the conditions of 20~45 DEG C, soybean protein isolate is taken to be dissolved in RO pure water, and pH adjusting agent is added and adjusts pH
Value is 5~9, obtains solution 1;
2) under the conditions of 40~70 DEG C, compound protease, stirring is added step by step in the solution 1 of step 1) preparation
Enzymatic hydrolysis 3~5 hours, obtains solution 2;Wherein compound protease is by papain, ficin, bromelain, black song
Mould, 3942 neutral proteinases, 537 acid proteases composition;
3) solution 2 prepared by step 2) is kept the temperature into 10~30min under the conditions of 70 DEG C~95 DEG C, to terminate enzyme reaction
Then journey carries out film process under the conditions of 40~70 DEG C, filtering out molecular weight is 150~2000Da, obtains solution 3;
4) solution 3 prepared by step 3) is subjected to nanofiltration processing at normal temperature, molecular cut off is 150~300Da, is obtained molten
Liquid 4;
5) solution 4 is sterilized, spray drying treatment is to get the low molecule soybean peptide.
Above-mentioned steps 3) in carry out film process during, therefore, to assure that solution 2 have suitable viscosity, temperature is too low,
Viscosity is excessive, and albumen and peptide cannot be separated adequately;Temperature is excessively high, and liquid viscosity is too small, and the substance of many macromoleculars is logical
After crossing film, precipitating can be generated when temperature reduces, influences the quality of product.Selection carries out under the conditions of 40~70 DEG C in the present invention
Film process, it is ensured that the modest viscosity of solution 2 is able to carry out good UF membrane.
The mass ratio of soybean protein isolate described in step 1) and OR pure water is 1:10~15.
Compound protease is added in solution 1 described in step 2) method particularly includes: taken first by papain and spinach
Trailing plants protease, 3942 neutral proteinases are compound and obtain compound protease 1, compound protease 1 are added in solution 1, wherein compound
The mass ratio of protease 1 and soybean protein isolate is 0.1~2:100, and enzymatic hydrolysis is after 1~2 hour;Be added by ficin and
Compound protease 2 obtained by aspergillus niger is compound, wherein the mass ratio of compound protease 2 and soybean protein isolate is 0.05~1:
100 enzymatic hydrolysis are after 1~3 hour;Add 537 acid proteases, the mass ratio of 537 acid proteases and soybean protein isolate is
0.02~1:100, enzymolysis time are 1~2 hour.
The mass ratio of papain and bromelain is 10~20:10~20 in the compound protease 1;Compound egg
The mass ratio of papain and 3942 neutral proteinases is 10~20:60~80 in white enzyme 1.
The mass ratio of ficin and aspergillus niger is 30~40:60~80 in the compound protease 2.
The pH adjusting agent is the NaOH solution that mass concentration is 10~40%.
The membrane aperture that film process described in step 3) uses is 0.05 μm~0.20 μm;Pressure condition during film process
For 0.2MPa~1.0MPa;The material of the film be Cr:15~40% containing weight percent, W:5~15%, Ti:5~
25% metal film.
Above-mentioned steps 3) for film process using novel metal material membrane process technology, this metal film is durable, cleaning
Convenient, energy conservation and environmental protection can reasonably separate the soybean peptide digested and high molecular weight protein, product microbiological indicator energy
It is strictly controlled.
The pressure condition that nanofiltration is handled in step 4) is 0.1MPa~1.0MPa.
The sterilizing is to be sterilized using UHT.For low molecule soybean peptide of the present invention after sterilization treatment, the shelf-life can reach two
Year or more.
A kind of low molecule soybean peptide, is prepared by above-mentioned preparation method.
The preparation method of low molecule soybean peptide of the present invention, using soybean protein isolate as raw material, by way of alkali soluble first
Soybean protein isolate solution is obtained, and limits suitable pH value, suitable temperature environment, according to the inscribe of different protease and outer
Mechanism of action and effect point of contact are cut, the addition of its sequence is limited, hydrolysis is oriented to soybean protein isolate, it is ensured that there is antioxygen
The formation and reservation of the functionalized peptide molecules segment of change, lowering blood pressure and blood fat and norcholesterol, while reducing the hardship of soybean peptide
Astringent taste improves the centrality of small-molecular peptides;Then it uses film to filter out molecular weight as the substance of 150~2000Da again, makes
Free aminoacid content is lower than 2%, improves the yield of small molecule soybean peptide;And use nanofiltration, molecular cut off 150
The substance of~300Da makes the average molecular weight of the soybean peptide of preparation concentrate on 600~800Da, and molecular weight is small and concentrates, and absorbs
Significant effect.
Low molecule soybean peptide of the present invention, is prepared with preparation method provided by the invention, and molecular weight is lower than 1000Da's
Soybean peptide accounts for 80% or more, and its aqueous solution clear, refrigerates liquid in an acidic solution and does not form muddiness, can be applied to any
Delicious without the stink in addition to soybean peptide in the food and drink of pH value range, molecular weight is small and concentrates, and absorbs effect
Fruit is significant, has effects that anti-oxidant, lowering blood pressure and blood fat and reduces cholesterol.
Specific embodiment
The technical scheme of the invention is described in detail through specific implementation examples.
In following embodiments carry out film process operate used by film material be the Cr:15 containing weight percent~
40%, W:5~15%, the metal film of Ti:5~25%.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment low molecule soybean peptide, is prepared, concrete operation step by following methods are as follows:
1) under the conditions of 30 DEG C, soybean protein isolate is taken to be dissolved in RO pure water, and it is 25% that mass concentration, which is added,
It is 7 that NaOH solution, which adjusts pH value, obtains solution 1;Wherein the mass ratio of soybean protein isolate and RO pure water is 1:12;
2) under the conditions of 55 DEG C, compound protease is added in the solution 1 of step 1) preparation, stirring enzymatic hydrolysis 4 hours obtains molten
Liquid 2;It takes first compound by papain and bromelain, 3942 neutral proteinases and obtains compound protease 1, by compound egg
White enzyme 1 is added in solution 1, and wherein the mass ratio of compound protease 1 and soybean protein isolate is 0.5:100, and enzymatic hydrolysis is after 2 hours;
Be added as ficin and aspergillus niger it is compound obtained by compound protease 2, wherein compound protease 2 and soybean protein isolate
Mass ratio be 0.5:100, enzymatic hydrolysis 1 hour after, add 537 acid proteases, 537 acid proteases and soybean protein isolate
Mass ratio be 0.2:100, enzymolysis time be 1 hour;Wherein papain in compound protease 1, bromelain and
The mass ratio of 3942 neutral proteinases is 10:10:60;The mass ratio of ficin and aspergillus niger is in compound protease 2
30:80;
3) solution 2 prepared by step 2) is kept the temperature under the conditions of 80 DEG C 20min, membrane aperture is then used under the conditions of 55 DEG C
It is 0.05~0.2 μm, film process is carried out under the conditions of 0.7MPa, filtering out molecular weight is 150~2000Da, obtains solution 3;
4) solution 3 prepared by step 3) is subjected to nanofiltration processing at room temperature 0.8MPa, molecular cut off for 150~
300Da obtains solution 4;
5) solution 4 is subjected to UHT sterilizing, spray drying treatment is to get the low molecule soybean peptide.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment low molecule soybean peptide, is prepared, concrete operation step by following methods are as follows:
1) soybean protein isolate at 20 °C, is taken to be dissolved in RO pure water, and it is 10% that mass concentration, which is added,
It is 5 that NaOH solution, which adjusts pH value, dissolves soybean protein isolate, obtains solution 1;The wherein quality of soybean protein isolate and RO pure water
Than for 1:10;
2) it under the conditions of 40 DEG C, is added in the solution 1 of step 1) preparation and is added step by step in the solution 1 of step 1) preparation
Compound protease, stirring enzymatic hydrolysis 3 hours, obtains solution 2;It is taken first by papain and bromelain, 3942 neutral proteins
Enzyme is compound and obtains compound protease 1, compound protease 1 is added in solution 1, wherein compound protease 1 and soybean protein isolate
Mass ratio be 1:100, enzymatic hydrolysis 1 hour after;Be added as ficin and aspergillus niger it is compound obtained by compound protease 2,
Wherein the mass ratio of the gross mass of compound protease 2 and soybean protein isolate is 0.8:100, and enzymatic hydrolysis added 537 after 1 hour
The mass ratio of acid protease, 537 acid proteases and soybean protein isolate is 0.2:100, and enzymolysis time is 1 hour;Wherein
The mass ratio of papain, bromelain and 3942 neutral proteinases is 12:20:70 in compound protease 1;Compound protein
The mass ratio of ficin and aspergillus niger is 35:70 in enzyme 2;
3) solution 2 prepared by step 2) is kept the temperature under the conditions of 70 DEG C 30min, membrane aperture is then used under the conditions of 40 DEG C
It is 0.05~0.2 μm, film process is carried out under the conditions of 0.1MPa, filtering out molecular weight is 150~2000Da, obtains solution 3;
4) solution 3 prepared by step 3) is subjected to nanofiltration processing at room temperature 0.1MPa, molecular cut off for 150~
300Da obtains solution 4;
5) solution 4 is subjected to UHT sterilizing, spray drying treatment is to get the low molecule soybean peptide.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment low molecule soybean peptide, is prepared, concrete operation step by following methods are as follows:
1) under the conditions of 45 DEG C, soybean protein isolate is taken to be dissolved in RO pure water, and it is 40% that mass concentration, which is added,
It is 9 that NaOH solution, which adjusts pH value, dissolves soybean protein isolate, obtains solution 1;The wherein quality of soybean protein isolate and RO pure water
Than for 1:15;
2) under the conditions of 70 DEG C, compound protease is added step by step in the solution 1 of step 1) preparation, stirring digests 5 hours,
Obtain solution 2;Wherein compound protease it is compound by papain and bromelain, 3942 neutral proteinases and protease 1,
Compound protease 1 is added in solution 1, wherein the mass ratio of compound protease 1 and soybean protein isolate is 1:100, and enzymatic hydrolysis 2 is small
Shi Hou;Be added as ficin and aspergillus niger it is compound obtained by compound protease 2, the wherein gross mass of compound protease 2
Mass ratio with soybean protein isolate is 0.2:100, and enzymatic hydrolysis added 537 acid proteases, 537 acidic proteins after 1.5 hours
The mass ratio of enzyme and soybean protein isolate is 0.5:100, and enzymolysis time is 1.5 hours;Wherein Papain in compound protease 1
The mass ratio of enzyme, bromelain and 3942 neutral proteinases is 20:15:80;Ficin and black in compound protease 2
The mass ratio of aspergillus is 40:60;
3) solution 2 prepared by step 2) is kept the temperature under the conditions of 95 DEG C 10min, membrane aperture is then used under the conditions of 70 DEG C
It is 0.05~0.2 μm, film process is carried out under the conditions of 0.2MPa, filtering out molecular weight is 150~2000Da, obtains solution 3;
4) solution 3 prepared by step 3) is subjected to nanofiltration processing at room temperature 1.0MPa, molecular cut off for 150~
300Da obtains solution 4;
5) solution 4 is subjected to UHT sterilizing, spray drying treatment is to get the low molecule soybean peptide.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example soybean peptide, is prepared by following methods, concrete operation step are as follows:
1) under the conditions of 30 DEG C, soybean protein isolate is taken to be added to the water, and the NaOH solution that mass concentration is 25% is added
Adjusting pH value is 8.0, dissolves soybean protein isolate, obtains solution 1;Wherein the mass ratio of soybean protein isolate and water is 1:10;
2) under the conditions of 55 DEG C, alkali protease is added in the solution 1 of step 1) preparation, stirring enzymatic hydrolysis 5.5 hours obtains
Solution 2;Wherein the mass ratio of protease and soybean protein isolate is 1:100;
3) solution 2 prepared by step 2) is kept the temperature into 20min under the conditions of 85 DEG C, obtains solution 3;
4) solution 3 by step 3) preparation enters in horizontal centrifuge, carries out separating treatment, and supernatant is solution 4;
5) solution 4 is subjected to concentration under the conditions of 60 DEG C, obtains solution 5;
6) solution 5 is entered into active carbon resin, carries out suffering reason of decolourizing, obtains solution 6;
7) spray drying treatment is after obtained solution 6 being carried out UHT sterilizing to get soybean peptide.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example soybean peptide, is prepared by following methods, concrete operation step are as follows:
1) under the conditions of 30 DEG C, soybean protein isolate is taken to be added to the water, and the NaOH solution that mass concentration is 25% is added
Adjusting pH value is 7, dissolves soybean protein isolate, obtains solution 1;Wherein the mass ratio of soybean protein isolate and water is 1:10;
2) under the conditions of 55 DEG C, Alcalase protease is added in the solution 1 of step 1) preparation, stirring digests 8 hours,
Obtain solution 2;Wherein the mass ratio of Alcalase protease and soybean protein isolate is 1:100;
3) by step 2) prepare solution 2 use membrane aperture for 0.05~0.2 μm at room temperature, under the conditions of 0.7MPa into
Row film process, filtering out molecular weight is 300~3000Da, obtains solution 3;
4) solution 3 prepared by step 3) is subjected to nanofiltration processing at room temperature 0.8MPa, molecular cut off for 150~
300Da obtains solution 4;
5) solution 4 is subjected to UHT sterilizing, spray drying treatment is to get the soybean peptide.
The screening of 1 enzymolysis time of test example
Test method: adjusting different enzymolysis times, and other parameters condition measures different enzymolysis times and obtain with embodiment 1
To the range of molecular weight distributions of soybean peptide, free aminoacid content, obtained soybean peptide aqueous solution clarity;It is wherein clear
It takes the soybean peptide of preparation to be added to the water when clear degree measurement to be completely dissolved, then measures the light transmittance T% of its 420nm, it is as a result as follows
Shown in table 1:
Influence of the different enzymolysis time of table 1 to the soybean peptide quality of preparation
By the test result of above-mentioned table 1 it is found that in order to obtain average molecular weight lower than 1000Da, free aminoacid content
It is low, and the soybean peptide that clarity of solution is high, suitable enzymolysis time are 3~5 hours.
The performance of soybean peptide prepared by 2 embodiment 1 of test example, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 compares
1, Example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 prepare soybean peptide and are dissolved in the water respectively, wherein embodiment 1 and right
After soybean peptide prepared by ratio 2 is dissolved in the water, solution clear, liquid color is shallow, and soybean peptide prepared by comparative example 1 is molten
Flocculation sedimentation is generated after in Xie Yushui, solution transparency is bad, and liquid color is deeper.
2, the soybean peptide that respectively prepared by Example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, measures amino acid kind therein respectively
Class, as a result as shown in table 1 below:
|
Lys |
Thr |
Met |
Val |
Leu |
Ile |
Tyr |
Phe |
Embodiment 1 |
+++ |
+++ |
+++ |
+++ |
+++ |
+++ |
+++ |
+++ |
Comparative example 1 |
++ |
+ |
+ |
++ |
+++ |
+++ |
+++ |
++ |
Comparative example 2 |
+++ |
+++ |
++ |
+++ |
++ |
+++ |
+++ |
+++ |
The concentration of how much expression amino acid of "+" in above-mentioned table 1, i.e. " +++ " > " ++ " > "+", can by above-mentioned table 1
Know that the amino acid concentration of soybean peptide prepared by the present invention is high, nutritive value is high.
3, the soybean peptide for taking the embodiment 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 of equal quality to prepare respectively, is separately added into same weight
In the water of amount, free aminoacid content therein is measured, as a result as shown in table 2 below:
|
Embodiment 1 |
Comparative example 1 |
Comparative example 2 |
Free aminoacid content (%) |
0.9% |
5.4% |
18.1% |