CN105612381A - 组合有液化气产生装置的液化气加注站 - Google Patents

组合有液化气产生装置的液化气加注站 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105612381A
CN105612381A CN201480054317.1A CN201480054317A CN105612381A CN 105612381 A CN105612381 A CN 105612381A CN 201480054317 A CN201480054317 A CN 201480054317A CN 105612381 A CN105612381 A CN 105612381A
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loop
fluid
storage tank
filling station
gas
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CN201480054317.1A
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CN105612381B (zh
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G·佩哲
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Cryostar SAS
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Cryostar SAS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C6/00—Methods and apparatus for filling vessels not under pressure with liquefied or solidified gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/02—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with liquefied gases
    • F17C5/04—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with liquefied gases requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. filling with helium or hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/021—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the height as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/025—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the pressure as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/026—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the temperature as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0204—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow SCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
    • F25J1/0249—Controlling refrigerant inventory, i.e. composition or quantity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
    • F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
    • F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2225/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/035—High pressure, i.e. between 10 and 80 bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
    • F17C2225/042—Localisation of the filling point
    • F17C2225/043—Localisation of the filling point in the gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0355—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid in a closed loop
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
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    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/063—Fluid distribution for supply of refueling stations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
    • F17C2270/0139—Fuel stations

Abstract

本发明的组件具有：第一回路(2)，其具有供应有呈气态的气体的液化气储罐(10)，第二回路(4)，其具有用于压缩流体和使其膨胀的装置，交换器(14、114)，其位于所述第一回路(2)与所述第二回路(4)之间，用于确定所述储罐(10)中液化气的液位的装置(LT)，用于测量所述第一回路(2)中在所述交换器(14、114)下游的温度的装置(TT)，用于改变所述第二回路(4)中所述流体的压力的装置(30、32)，以及控制系统，其基于所测量的温度和所述储罐中液化气的液位来作用于所述用于改变所述第二回路中的压力的装置。

Description

组合有液化气产生装置的液化气加注站
本发明涉及一种组合有液化气产生装置的加注站。
为了给依靠液化天然气操作的车辆供燃料，已知的是使得服务站能够从储罐分配液化天然气。储罐由例如定期加注储罐的罐车供应。
本发明更具体地涉及一种旨在例如加注罐车的加注站，所述罐车将供应分配液化天然气的服务站的储罐。更具体地，本发明涉及一种组合有从呈气态的气体产生液化天然气的装置的加注站。
众所周知，加注站储罐具体地由呈气态的气体的供应源供应气体，呈气态的气体已经被处理以便使其不含杂质。此气体随后穿过热交换器以被液化。随后气体被运送至加注站储罐。这样，一方面，这个储罐由呈气态的气体的源和交换器供应，而另一方面，液化气被抽取以加注储罐(罐车或船的储罐，或任何其他类型的液化气储罐)。
此外，还已知的是如何使用是热动力回路的一部分的交换器或冷凝器(又称液化器)来冷却气体。在液化器中，流体被压缩并且随后膨胀以产生冷量。所获得的温度远低于-160℃。为了避免较大的温度变化，液化器优选地连续工作。也有可能停止液化器，但为了保护其各种部件，人们需要调度若干小时以便进行这种停止。同样地，使液化器处于运行中是花费若干小时的长时间操作。
因此，一方面，存在液化器，所述液化器优选地连续工作以产生冷量；而另一方面，存在加注站，所述加注站以取决于被加注储罐的到达的高度不规则方式“消耗”由液化器产生的液化天然气。当液化天然气离开加注站的储罐的流速相对较高并且每天需要加注若干储罐时，可调配液化器的冷量产量以满足加注站对液化天然气的需要。另一方面，当加注站的流速相对较低时，例如，当碰巧将连续二十四小时不发生储罐的加注时，很难在液化气的产量与输出流速之间进行管理。
对于具有不规则流速和/或低流速的此类站而言，有时必须暂停冷量的产生并且因此暂停液化器。操作的停止和重新开始随后由负责管理加注站的操作员手动地处理。
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种组合有液化器的加注站，因为所述液化器，液化(天然)气的产生和存储自动地完成。
本发明的另一个目标是提供这种站，这种站能够在无需暂停与加注站相关联的液化器的操作的情况下运行。
为此目的，本发明提出一种用于加注液化气并且产生液化气的站，其具有：
-第一回路，其具有由气体供应管线供应呈气态的气体的液化气储罐，
-第二制冷流体回路，其流体性地独立于第一回路，所述第二回路具有用于压缩这种流体和使其膨胀的装置，以及
-热交换器，其位于第一回路与第二回路之间，热交换在储罐的上游进行。
根据本发明，这种站还包括：
-用于确定储罐中液化气的液位的装置，
-用于测量第一电路中在交换器下游且在储罐上游的温度的装置，
-改变第二电路内流体的压力的另外的装置，以及
-命令和控制系统，其根据由温度测量装置测量的温度并且根据储罐中液化气的液位来作用于改变第二回路中的压力的装置。
一种根据本发明的站尤其由于实现液化器(具有其交换器的第二回路)而可自动地产生液化气，在所述液化器中，制冷流体的压力是可修改的；并且所述站具有原始调节，这一方面是基于储罐中的液位并且基于液化气交换器与储罐之间的一点处的液化气温度，而另一方面是基于对液化器中的制冷流体压力的作用。因此将一种提供不同操作模式(优选地，与对应于减速操作模式的一种模式不同)的用于产生液化气的系统与实现自动化运行的原始调节系统组合起来。
用于在流体压缩之后且在流体膨胀之前对流体进行冷却的装置也可以设置在如以上所描述的加注站的第二回路中。人们可在膨胀之前提供若干压缩和冷却循环、诸如三个连续循环。
第二回路的布局是例如这样以使得其此外具有以下装置，所述装置使第二回路的制冷流体在其膨胀之后在交换器中流通，并且使制冷流体回到压缩装置，以便实现闭合循环。如果提供若干压缩、冷却和膨胀循环，那么制冷流体优选地在热交换器中重新加热之后被带到第一压缩级。
为了能够调节第二流体回路中的压力，所述第二流体回路包括例如流体存储罐，其一方面具有流体入口，所述流体入口由位于用于压缩流体的装置下游的导阀供应；而另一方面具有流体出口，所述流体出口由位于压缩流体的装置上游的导阀控制，所述导阀使得能够将流体存储罐中所含有的流体喷射到第二回路中。然后第二回路可以是闭合回路。
第二回路中所使用的流体有利地是氮气，氮气非常适于用作压力调制回路的制冷流体。
第一回路有利地包括位于交换器上游的压力调节阀。这个阀使得有可能调整第一回路中的气体压力，以便避免超压。这个阀还使得有可能截断气体的到达，这在某些特定条件下可能是所需要的。
本发明的有利实施方案要求所述系统是这样以使得第一回路和第二回路具有单个交换器，其中第二回路的在膨胀之后的流体在第一方向上流通，并且以下两者在第二方向上流通：一方面，第二回路的在用于压缩流体的装置下游且在膨胀装置上游的流体；以及另一方面，第一回路的气体，此气体以气态形式进入交换器并且以液态形式离开交换器。这使得有可能限制部件的数目，而不会因此损害整个系统的整体性能。
为了调节根据本发明的系统，人们规定例如命令和控制系统根据由温度测量装置测量的温度并且根据储罐中液化气的液位来作用于改变第二回路中的压力的装置。
所述系统的一个变型实施方案具有位于温度测量装置与储罐之间的导阀。在这个变型实施方案中，人们可规定：为了调节所述系统，命令和控制系统具有第一控制环路，由第一控制环路通过储罐中液体的液位来控制位于温度测量装置与储罐之间的导阀；以及第二控制环路，由第二控制环路通过由温度测量装置测量的温度来控制第二回路中的压力。
根据以下参考所附上的示意图进行的描述，本发明的细节和优点将变得更明显，其中：
图1示意性地展示本发明的第一实施方案，并且
图2至图4是用于变型实施方案的类似于图1的图。
在图1(并且在图2至图4中)看到右边的第一回路2和左边的第二回路4。
在以下所有描述中，在第一回路中循环的气体是呈气态或液态的天然气，并且在第二回路中使用的流体是保持呈气态的氮气(N2)。然而，本发明可应用于不同于天然气的液化气，并且在第二回路中使用的制冷流体可以不是氮气。
第一回路具有被设计来供应储罐10的天然气入口6，所述天然气入口6具有由压力调节阀8调节的压力。天然气以气态形式到达入口6的区域中，并且随后在到达储罐10之前被液化。泵12用于例如从储罐10抽出液化天然气，以便加注罐车的储罐或在船上的储罐、船只储罐等。
假定入口6的区域中的气体已经被处理。如果未被处理，那么可提供处理单元(未示出)，所述处理单元例如通过吸收或优选地通过吸收来对气体进行净化。进入第一回路2的气体可来自例如管道干线或来自生物气产生单元或消化池。
第二回路形成在下文称为液化器的组合压缩和膨胀的系统。具体地，第二回路包括冷凝器14，所述冷凝器14也与第一回路连接并且被设计来对该回路中的天然气提供液化。在图1和图4中还注意到，第一回路2与第二回路4之间存在减温器18。这个减温器18使来自入口6的天然气能够进行第一次冷却，之后天然气被引入冷凝器14中，在所述冷凝器14中天然气将被液化，并且随后被储存在储罐10中。这里，第二回路是闭合回路。
在液化器中，电动机M驱动三个压缩机C1、C2和C3，压缩机C1、C2和C3各自形成压缩单元的一个级。在以下对液化器的描述中，建议以在这个回路中移动的氮气为例。
氮气通过管线R1到达压缩机C1并通过管线R2离开压缩机C1。随后氮气到达第一冷却器22，以便在由管线R3发送到压缩单元之前对氮气温度进行检验。随后，氮气由第二压缩机C2压缩，随后通过R4被带到第二冷却器22，并且通过R5到达压缩单元的第三压缩级。由管线R6连接到第三压缩机C3的第三冷却器22使得有可能检验离开压缩单元的氮气的温度。
管线R7将氮气运送至逆流交换器24，并且随后氮气由管线R8运送至膨胀机26。膨胀机26机械性地连接到电动机M上，并且连接到压缩单元上。在离开膨胀机26时，氮气随后(通过R9)被运送至冷凝器14，在冷凝器14中，氮气从想要液化的天然气吸收热量以便获得液化天然气(LNG)。离开冷凝器14后，氮气(通过R10)被运送至减温器18，之后通过R11到达逆流交换器24，逆流交换器24连接在压缩单元的第一压缩机C1的下游。
在第二回路4中还发现氮气存储罐28，所述氮气存储罐28用于调节液化器中的氮气量，并且因此调节第二回路中的此氮气的压力。第二回路4中的氮气越多(并且因此罐28中的氮气越少)，第二回路4中的压力越高，并且同样地可从天然气提取以使其能够液化的卡路里数越高。
为了加注储罐28，将从第二回路4的压力高的部分抽取氮气，所述部分例如在压缩单元的出口处、优选在最后的冷却器22之后。入口阀30用于执行这种抽取。
以类似的方式，为了将氮气重新引入第二电路4中，并且因此部分地(或完全地)使储罐28变空，出口阀32将储罐28的出口连接到第二回路的压力较低的部分，所述部分优选地恰好在压缩单元及其第一压缩机C1的上游。
在图1和图2的实施方案中，第一回路2具有加注阀34，所述加注阀34调节进入储罐10的液化天然气的流量并且位于冷凝器14的上游并且当然位于储罐10的上游。
本发明的目的是为了根据由泵12从这个储罐进行的抽取来调节对储罐10的加注。
为此，图1和图2的实施方案要求连续地检验储罐10中液体的液位以及测量冷凝器14下游的温度。对储罐10的液位的检验由传感器LT完成，传感器LT是技术人员已知的并且传统上用于对储罐中液化天然气的液位执行测量。这些传感器LT连接到微控制器LC，微控制器LC处理由传感器LT提供的信息。
在图1和图2的实施方案中，微控制器LC还对加注阀34提供方向控制。因此实现管理储罐10中液体的液位的第一控制环路。
温度测量由传感器TT完成，传感器TT进而连接到微控制器XC。微控制器XC使用关于第一回路2中在冷凝器下游的温度的信息来作用于入口阀30和出口阀32，以调配第二回路4中的氮气量。当由传感器TT测量的温度下降时，根据预定的控制律，微控制器XC将具有再一次打开入口阀30以将氮气从第二回路4中移除的倾向。由于这个事实，从天然气对卡路里的吸收并且因此还有对液化天然气的产生受到限制。以此方式，产生第二控制环路。
两个控制环路连接起来。事实上，通过作用于加注阀34，引起由传感器TT测量的温度的变化。已知液化天然气从冷凝器14到储罐的连续流动状态，如果打开加注阀34，那么冷凝器14的区域中所产生的液化天然气将更快地加注储罐10，并且由传感器TT测量的温度将上升。相反地，如果关闭加注阀34，那么液化天然气具有在储罐10的上游积聚的倾向，并且由传感器TT测量的温度将下降。因此，两个调节环路之间存在物理相互作用。
在图3和图4的变型实施方案中，再次发现液位传感器LT和相关联微控制器LC以及温度传感器TT。由温度传感器测量的值由微控制器TC数字化，并且由液位传感器和温度传感器获得且随后由微控制器LC和TC处理的信息由微控制器XC收集并分析，微控制器XC被提供来作用于第二回路4的入口阀30和出口阀32。
在这个实施方案中，可省略在图1和图2的变型实施方案中所提供的加注阀34。这里呈现的调节事实上还能够对整个系统进行调节。对储罐中的液位的分析使得人们查明对液化天然气的消耗以及冷凝器14的下游的温度读数。仅仅对第二回路中的氮气压力进行调节使得有可能检验冷凝器14内液化天然气的产量。事实上，穿过冷凝器的液化气量取决于由通过入口6进入第一回路2中的气体吸收的卡路里。通过限制第二回路4中的氮气压力，限制了在冷凝器14的区域(并且可能在减温器18的区域)中所吸收的卡路里并且因此限制液化气的产量。
在所有实施方案中，注意到在第一回路2的入口处也存在控制环路。此调节是调节回路中的压力并且防止可能进行破坏的超压的在气体入口处的典型调节。此外，对此压力的调节使得有可能将冷凝器中的压力调整到设定点值。例如当储罐中的液位较高并且希望减少液化天然气的产量，以便避免使冷凝器充满呈液态的气体时，此调节也可能是有用的。
图2和图3的变型实施方案要求限制热交换器的数目并且将冷凝器14、减温器18和逆流交换器24重组成单个交换器/冷凝器114。在图2和图3中所展示的实施方案中，单个交换器/冷凝器114具有在一个方向上延伸的一个中央通道和在相反方向上延伸的两个侧向通道。中央通道由离开膨胀机26且之后进入压缩单元的氮气占据。一个侧向通道由已经在压缩单元中压缩之后并且在其膨胀之前冷却的氮气占据，而另一个侧向通道由以气态形式进入交换器/冷凝器114并且以液态形式离开的气体占据。
交换器/冷凝器114可以是例如钎焊的铝板交换器。冷凝器14和/或逆流交换器24也可以是这种类型的交换器。
以上所描述且在所附上的附图中展示的不同实施方案使得有可能自动地产生液化天然气(或另一种液化气)并且对其进行存储，而无需设定和暂停相关联液化器的运行。
制冷循环整合低温氮气膨胀机，所述低温氮气膨胀机可通过改变循环中的氮气压力来调节。此类制冷装置实现减速的操作，这里，这使得有可能暂停液化天然气的产生而无需暂停制冷循环。所述装置的部件被保持在一定温度下，并且之后可用于切换到液化气的产生模式。
在正常的操作模式中，天然气进入所述系统并且被液化，随后被存储在储罐中。对储罐中的液位的管理使得有可能根据对与来自储罐的LNG的流速相对应的液化天然气的需要来调配液化天然气的产量。
当然，本发明不限于以上作为非限制性实例所描述且在附图中展示的优选实施方案。本发明还涉及在以下权利要求书的上下文中、在技术人员的能力内的所有变型实施方案。

Claims (11)

1.用于加注液化气并且产生液化气的站，其具有：
-第一回路(2)，其具有由气体供应管线供应呈气态的气体的液化气储罐(10)，
-第二制冷流体回路(4)，其流体性地独立于所述第一回路，所述第二回路(4)具有用于压缩这种流体和使其膨胀的装置，以及
-热交换器(14、114)，其位于所述第一回路(2)与所述第二回路(4)之间，热交换在所述储罐(10)的上游进行，
其特征在于，其还包括：
-用于确定所述储罐(10)中液化气的液位的装置(LT)，
-用于测量所述第一回路(2)中在所述交换器(14、114)下游且在所述储罐(10)上游的温度的装置(TT)，
-改变所述第二回路(4)内所述流体的压力的另外的装置(30、32)，以及
-命令和控制系统，其根据由所述温度测量装置测量的温度并且根据所述储罐中液化气的液位来作用于所述改变所述第二回路中的压力的装置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的加注站，其特征在于，用于在所述流体压缩之后且在所述流体膨胀之前对所述流体进行冷却的装置设置在所述第二回路(4)中。
3.根据权利要求2所述的加注站，其特征在于，所述第二回路具有压缩所述制冷流体并且连续三次对其进行冷却并且随后使其膨胀的装置。
4.根据权利要求1至3中一项所述的加注站，其特征在于，所述第二回路此外具有以下装置，所述装置使所述第二回路的制冷流体在其膨胀之后在所述交换器(14、114)中流通，并且使得所述制冷流体回到所述压缩装置，以便实现闭路循环。
5.根据权利要求1至4中一项所述的加注站，其特征在于，所述第二流体回路(4)此外包括流体存储罐(28)，其一方面具有流体入口，所述流体入口由位于所述用于压缩所述流体的装置下游的导阀(30)供应；而另一方面具有流体出口，所述流体出口由位于所述压缩所述流体的装置上游的导阀(32)控制，所述导阀(32)使得能够将所述流体存储罐(28)中所含有的所述流体喷射到所述第二回路(4)中。
6.根据权利要求1至5中一项所述的加注站，其特征在于，所述第二回路(4)中所使用的所述流体是氮气。
7.根据权利要求1至6中一项所述的加注站，其特征在于，所述第一回路(2)包括位于所述交换器(14、114)上游的压力调节阀(8)。
8.根据权利要求1至7中一项所述的加注站，其特征在于，所述第一回路(2)和所述第二回路(4)具有单个交换器(114)，其中所述第二回路(4)的在膨胀之后的所述流体在第一方向上流通，并且以下两者在第二方向上流通：一方面，所述第二回路(4)的在所述用于压缩所述流体的装置下游且在所述膨胀装置上游的所述流体；以及另一方面，所述第一回路(2)的所述气体，此气体以气态形式进入所述交换器(114)并且以液态形式离开所述交换器。
9.根据权利要求1至8中一项所述的加注站，其特征在于，所述命令和控制系统命令根据由所述温度测量装置(TT)测量的温度并且根据所述储罐中液化气的液位来作用于所述改变所述第二回路(4)中的压力的装置。
10.根据权利要求1至8中一项所述的加注站，其特征在于，所述加注站包括位于所述温度测量装置(TT)与所述储罐(10)之间的导阀(34)。
11.根据权利要求10所述的加注站，其特征在于，所述命令和控制系统具有第一控制回路，由所述第一控制环路通过所述储罐(10)中液体的液位来控制位于所述温度测量装置(TT)与所述储罐(10)之间的所述导阀(34)；以及第二控制环路，由所述第二控制环路通过由所述温度测量装置(TT)测量的温度来控制所述第二回路(4)中的压力。
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