CN105607276A - Novel ideal aspheric collimation system of semiconductor laser - Google Patents

Novel ideal aspheric collimation system of semiconductor laser Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105607276A
CN105607276A CN201610040840.XA CN201610040840A CN105607276A CN 105607276 A CN105607276 A CN 105607276A CN 201610040840 A CN201610040840 A CN 201610040840A CN 105607276 A CN105607276 A CN 105607276A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
collimation
semiconductor laser
light
aspheric surface
angle
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Pending
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CN201610040840.XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
杨华军
江萍
杨东航
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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Priority to CN201610040840.XA priority Critical patent/CN105607276A/en
Publication of CN105607276A publication Critical patent/CN105607276A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/30—Collimators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
    • G02B27/0916—Adapting the beam shape of a semiconductor light source such as a laser diode or an LED, e.g. for efficiently coupling into optical fibers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
    • G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
    • G02B27/095—Refractive optical elements
    • G02B27/0972—Prisms

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of optical communication, and specifically relates to a novel ideal aspheric collimation system of a semiconductor laser. An optical system is composed of an ideal aspheric collimation flat convex lens and a triangular prism group, and a design method is based on a three-dimensional vector refraction theory. The ideal aspheric collimation flat convex lens collimates laser beams with asymmetric divergence angle features, emitted by the semiconductor laser, into high-precision collimation laser beams, and a diffraction limit can be broken theoretically. The system is applied to a semiconductor laser emission source with astigmatism, and a generated divergence angle is obviously better than the collimation effect of a conventional rotation hyperboloid collimation flat convex lens. Then high-precision collimation light beams of an elliptical cross section are shaped into high-precision collimation light beams with circular cross sections by use of the triangular prism group. According to the invention, the emission precision in an optical communication system can be improved in case of the astigmatism of the semiconductor laser emission source.

Description

A kind of new type ideal aspheric surface colimated light system of semiconductor laser
Technical field
The invention belongs to optical communication technique field, be specially a kind of new type ideal aspheric surface of semiconductor laser outgoing beamCollimating optical system, produces high accuracy collimated laser beam.
Background technology
Along with scientific and technical development, people are more and more higher to the demand of message capacity. Optic communication has small light beam and sends outLoose angle and high directionality (thereby having compared with high military security), speed is high, transmission capacity is large (higher than microwave communication3～5 orders of magnitude), the advantage such as lightweight, become gradually international study hotspot. Optical antenna is as optical communication techniqueThere are high accuracy collimation and two key technical problems of shaping in the key emission element in field. Therefore the pre-collimation of high accuracy and shapingTechnology is to guarantee to realize the key technology of remote laser space communication, is also to improve to catch, aim at and follow the tracks of (APT) precisionImportant guarantee.
Semiconductor laser is the lasing light emitter that optical communication system is generally used, and its active area is similar to a rectangle plane mediumWaveguide is easily dispersed in the time propagating, and its outgoing beam cross section has elliptical shape, as shown in Fig. 1 (a). Semiconductor laserGenerally changing perpendicular to the typical angle of divergence (half-angle) of junction plane (being meridional plane), be parallel to junction plane within the scope of 0～30 degreeThe angle of divergence in (sagittal plane) direction changes within the scope of 0～10 degree. The angle of divergence is less, and directionality is better. In addition, partly leadThe light emitting source of body laser in meridional plane do not overlap with the light emitting source in sagittal plane, has certain distance at optical axis directionFrom (Δ l), is called astigmatism. The existence of asymmetric angle of divergence characteristic and astigmatism certainly will noise spectra of semiconductor lasers outgoing beam qualityExert an influence with the efficiency of transmission of optical system. For make the Gaussian beam of semiconductor laser output can high-quality, high efficiencyGround transmission enters optical antenna, needs the output beam of noise spectra of semiconductor lasers to collimate and shaping, the compression light beam angle of divergence withImprove far field symmetry and light spot shape, reduce the impact of astigmatism on beam quality, in raising optical communication system, transmitting antenna sends outEjaculation degree. Therefore noise spectra of semiconductor lasers outgoing beam carries out high accuracy collimation and has for long distance laser communication system with shapingImportant meaning.
Within 2000, Oxford University has been reported at " Nature " magazine the photonic crystal of making visible ray by 3D hologram legal system, itsSelf-collimation characteristic can be broken through the diffraction of light limit. 2012, seminar of the Zheng Wan of Semiconductor institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences China was in conventional semiconductorsIn laser resonant cavity structure, introduce photonic crystal, regulate and control laser oscillation mode, improve the output beam matter of laser from chip levelMeasure, develop in the world first the high light beam quality photon crystal laser of 905nm wave band, Laser output far field is nearly circleSpot distributes, 6.5 ° of vertical (fast axle) angles of divergence, 7.1 ° of level (slow axis) angles of divergence. 2013, the teachers and students of University Of Ji'nan existedOn " OpticsLetter ", deliver at fiber end face making twin shaft double-curve lens fast, the slow axis of semiconductor laser have been sent outLoose angle is compressed to respectively 6.9 ° and 32.3mrad, is coupled in optical fiber, and coupling efficiency is increased to 80%. Above-mentioned semiconductor laserThe optical system that the pre-alignment method of device adopts, appoints can not fundamentally change the asymmetric angle of divergence characteristic of semiconductor laser and resembleThe loose impact on light transmission, thus to a certain degree limit launch accuracy and the efficiency of transmission of optical antenna.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiency that prior art exists, propose a kind of new method of the laser beam that produces high accuracy collimation, profitCollimating planoconvex spotlight by desirable aspheric surface is high accuracy collimated laser beam by the asymmetric angle of divergence laser beam datum of semiconductor outgoing,Recycling prism group is carried out shaping to oval cross section collimated light beam, realizes the efficient coupling of semiconductor laser beam to optical antenna.Collimated divergence angle approaches the Laser Transmission of diffraction limit, effectively guarantees the realization of remote space optical communication.
The technical solution used in the present invention can divide following two aspects to summarize: on the one hand, and desirable aspheric surface collimation planoconvex spotlight pairThe high accuracy collimation of the asymmetric angle of divergence Gaussian beam of semiconductor laser outgoing; On the other hand, prism group enters one by light beamStep is shaped as circular cross-section Gaussian beam. The Cassegrain antenna of this system applies in optical communication system, can effectively improve light logicalThe launch accuracy of transmitting antenna and efficiency of transmission in communication system.
Desirable aspheric surface collimation planoconvex spotlight in the present invention, is positioned at the light process that the spot light at its left focus place sendsAfter these lens, the angle of divergence between outgoing beam and optical axis, close to zero degree, is the collimated light beam of high accuracy collimation, this directional lightBundle can be broken through diffraction limit in theory.
Desirable aspheric surface collimation planoconvex spotlight in the present invention, departs from the spot light (astigmatism of its left focus a distanceLight source) light that sends is after these lens, and the angle of divergence between outgoing beam and optical axis is better than identical parameters (focal length, centerThickness, refractive index) collimated divergence angle of hyperboloid of revolution planoconvex spotlight in situation. Therefore the desirable aspheric surface standard in the present inventionStraight planoconvex spotlight has good collimation effect to having the semiconductor laser outgoing beam of certain astigmatism.
The collimated light beam of prism group in the present invention to the oval cross section after desirable aspheric surface collimation planoconvex spotlight collimationMinor axis expands or major axis is compressed, and controls by changing the drift angle of prism compression (or amplification) multiple to light beamSystem, can realize the compression multiple of various needs, thereby the collimated light beam of realizing oval cross section is shaped as the collimated light of circular cross-sectionBundle.
Optical alignment in the present invention and the design of shaping optical system are based on vector refraction theorem, set up three-dimensional plane of refractionWith vector ray model, utilize MATLAB program to carry out optimal design to optical system structure, the sky to light in antennaBetween transmission carry out three-dimensional trace, obtain image quality evaluation parameter. Specifically comprise: 1) the outgoing beam angle of divergence, i.e. beam divergence angleDistributed in three dimensions with light beam locus; 2) point range figure, the hot spot of receiving plane distributes; 3) energy even degree, receivesThe three-dimensional energy distribution surface of plane etc.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is outgoing beam divergence characterization and the astigmatism characteristic schematic diagram of semiconductor laser.
Fig. 2 is that the desirable aspheric surface of the semiconductor laser of an embodiment of the present invention collimates planoconvex spotlight and prism groupStructured flowchart.
Fig. 3 is that the desirable aspheric surface of the semiconductor laser of an embodiment of the present invention collimates planoconvex spotlight and prism groupAssembling schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is that the point source outgoing beam of an embodiment of the present invention is through the index path of desirable aspheric surface collimation planoconvex spotlight.
Fig. 5 is that the astigmatism light source outgoing beam of an embodiment of the present invention is through the index path of desirable aspheric surface collimation planoconvex spotlight.
Fig. 6 is the light of the hyperboloid of revolution as a comparison collimation planoconvex spotlight object astigmatism collimation in an embodiment of the present inventionLu Tu.
Fig. 7 is that in an embodiment of the present invention, the desirable aspheric surface in astigmatism light source situation collimates the planoconvex spotlight angle of divergence and revolvesTurn the analogous diagram of hyperboloid collimation planoconvex spotlight angle of divergence contrast.
Fig. 8 is the prism group shaping index path of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Further set forth and explanation the present invention below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Shown in Fig. 1, be outgoing beam divergence characterization and the astigmatism characteristic schematic diagram of semiconductor laser. Semiconductor laserOutgoing beam has asymmetric angle of divergence characteristic, and the angle of divergence (half-angle) in meridional plane generally changes within the scope of 0 °～30 °,The angle of divergence in sagittal plane changes within the scope of 0 °～10 °. And sending out in the light emitting source in meridional plane and sagittal planeLight source does not also intersect at same point, has certain astigmatism Δ l) at optical axis direction, certainly will affect semiconductor laser beam in optical systemEfficiency of transmission in system, need to carry out high-precision collimation and shaping to it.
Shown in Fig. 2, be desirable aspheric surface collimation planoconvex spotlight and the Rhizoma Sparganii of the semiconductor laser of an embodiment of the present inventionThe structured flowchart of mirror group. Mainly formed by a desirable aspheric surface collimation planoconvex spotlight and prism group. Desirable aspheric surface collimation is flatThe high accuracy collimation of the asymmetric angle of divergence Gaussian beam of convex lens noise spectra of semiconductor lasers outgoing; Prism group is by oval cross sectionCollimated light beam is further shaped as the collimated light beam of circular cross-section. Wherein desirable aspheric surface collimation planoconvex spotlight and prism group are theseThe content of invention specific design.
Shown in Fig. 3, be desirable aspheric surface collimation planoconvex spotlight and the Rhizoma Sparganii of the semiconductor laser of an embodiment of the present inventionThe assembling schematic diagram of mirror group. Desirable aspheric surface collimation planoconvex spotlight and semiconductor laser outgoing end face integrate, and will partly leadThe Collimated Gaussian Beam that the asymmetric angle of divergence Gaussian beam collimation of body laser outgoing is oval cross section. In light path, add Rhizoma SparganiiMirror group, the major axis of the collimated light beam to oval cross section compresses, and making outgoing beam is the high accuracy collimation Gauss light of circular cross-sectionBundle.
Shown in Fig. 4, for the point source outgoing beam of an embodiment of the present invention is through the light path of desirable aspheric surface collimation planoconvex spotlightFigure. The refractive index that wherein n is material, focal length is l, the center thickness of planoconvex spotlight is d. α is any light of point source outgoingThe angle of line and primary optical axis, β is the refraction angle of light through first refractive plane, θ is the second refraction curved surface outgoing beam and refractionAngle between some normal. γ is the angle between the second refraction curved surface outgoing beam and optical axis, i.e. outgoing beam collimated divergence angle.Need to design and make the corresponding emergent ray of refraction angle β arbitrarily all be parallel to optical axis for the second plane of refraction, to entering arbitrarilyPenetrate the corresponding beam divergence angle of light γ=0. Can obtain variation along with a N by deriving, the second refraction surface coordinates x withThe variation function x (β) of refraction angle β, and y is expressed as with the variation function y (β) of refraction angle β:
{ x ( β ) = l cos β ( n - cos β ) [ 1 - 1 1 - n 2 sin 2 β + d ( n - 1 ) l ] y ( β ) = l sin β ( n - cos β ) [ 1 - 1 1 - n 2 sin 2 β + d ( n - 1 ) l ] + l n sin β 1 - n 2 sin 2 β - - - ( 1 )
Utilize above-mentioned parameter equation, make around the rotational symmetric desirable aspheric surface collimation planoconvex spotlight of optical axis, it is right to realizeThe high accuracy collimation of left focus place spot light outgoing beam.
Shown in Fig. 5, for the astigmatism light source outgoing beam of an embodiment of the present invention is through desirable aspheric surface collimation planoconvex spotlightIndex path. At given index of refraction in lens n, focal length l, in the situation of center thickness d, spot light position is along the negative direction of optical axisDisplacement Δ l, will have a certain impact to the outgoing beam angle of divergence tool of desirable aspheric surface collimation planoconvex spotlight.
Shown in Fig. 6, for the hyperboloid of revolution as a comparison collimation planoconvex spotlight object astigmatism in an embodiment of the present invention accurateStraight index path. Hyperboloid of revolution collimation planoconvex spotlight has good collimation effect to spot light. And spot light off-focalDistance, delta l (being light source astigmatism) will have a certain impact to the outgoing beam angle of divergence tool of hyperboloid of revolution collimation planoconvex spotlight.
Shown in Fig. 7, for the desirable aspheric surface collimation planoconvex spotlight in astigmatism light source situation in an embodiment of the present invention is dispersedThe analogous diagram of angle and the contrast of the hyperboloid of revolution collimation planoconvex spotlight angle of divergence. At given index of refraction in lens n, focal length l, center is thickIn the situation of degree d, for different astigmatism distance, delta l, the collimated divergence angle of desirable aspheric surface collimation planoconvex spotlight is obviously better thanThe collimation effect of hyperboloid of revolution collimation planoconvex spotlight. Show that desirable aspheric surface collimation planoconvex spotlight collimates plano-convex than the hyperboloid of revolutionLens are more suitable for the semiconductor laser emission source with certain astigmatism.
Shown in Fig. 8, it is the prism group shaping index path of an embodiment of the present invention. Utilize prism group to realize ellipseThe expanding or compression to major axis of minor axis of cutting the collimated light beam of shape, making oval cross section beam shaping is circular cross-section collimated light beam.Two right-angle prisms have same shape, and its drift angle is δ. The multiplication factor of first prism is:
M 1 = d 2 d 1 = cosφ 2 cosφ 1 = 1 - n 2 sin 2 φ 1 cosφ 1 = 1 - n 2 sin 2 δ c o s δ - - - ( 2 )
Because two prisms are identical, and make light beam also be normally incident in the first surface of the second lens, have equally:
M 2 = d 3 d 2 = 1 - n 2 sin 2 δ c o s δ - - - ( 3 )
Therefore obtain total amplification (or compression) multiple:
M = M 1 × M 2 = d 3 d 1 = 1 - n 2 sin 2 δ cos 2 δ - - - ( 4 )
The impact of the drift angle of prism on the compression of light beam (or amplification) multiple M can be obtained by emulation, various need can be realizedThe compression multiple of wanting, is shaped as circular section collimated light beam thereby realize by oval cross section collimated light beam.
Desirable aspheric surface collimation planoconvex spotlight in the present invention and the design of prism group, based on vector refraction theorem, set up threeThe dimension each plane of refraction of optical system and vector ray model, utilize the transmission of the space in optical system to light of MATLAB programCarry out three-dimensional trace, obtain the relation between the outgoing angle of divergence and light beam locus, and beam cross-section Energy distribution. ToolBody step is: 1) set up the three-dimensional parameter equation of each plane of refraction, determine according to the actual requirements size and the viewing area of each plane of refractionTerritory. Utilize MATLAB program to draw the corresponding three-dimension curved surface of each surface parameter equation; 2) according to more than the direction of incident rayString, draws incident ray, and sets up incident ray vector equation, combines and solves with the equation of first refractive face, obtains this refractionThe coordinate of each refraction point on face, drawing three-dimensional incident ray. Obtain again the plane of refraction normal direction cosine at refraction point place, based on arrowMeasure refraction theorem, obtain the direction cosines of refracted ray; To change the incident ray of refracted ray as the second plane of refraction, try to achieve againThe direction cosines of the refracted ray of the second plane of refraction, and draw out refracted ray, by that analogy; 3) according to last refractionThe direction cosines of the refracted ray of face are tried to achieve the angle of emergent ray and main shaft, draw out between space divergence angle and light positionRelation; 4) utilize the coordinate of emergent ray and viewing plane intersection point to draw out hot spot point range figure, calculate according to Gaussian beam energyFormula obtains the Energy distribution in viewing plane; 5) draw out the light beam aberration curve in viewing plane according to the definition of each aberration.

Claims (5)

1. a new type ideal aspheric surface colimated light system for semiconductor laser, is characterized in that utilizing desirable aspheric surfaceThe high accuracy collimation of the asymmetric angle of divergence Gaussian beam of collimation planoconvex spotlight noise spectra of semiconductor lasers outgoing; UtilizeThe collimated light beam of oval cross section is further shaped as circular cross-section collimated light beam by prism group. This system applies inIn optical communication system, can effectively improve launch accuracy and the efficiency of transmission of transmitting antenna in optical communication system.
2. the new type ideal aspheric surface colimated light system of a kind of semiconductor laser according to claim 1, its spyLevy and be described desirable aspheric surface collimation planoconvex spotlight, be positioned at the light warp that the spot light at its left focus place sendsCross after these lens, the angle of divergence between outgoing beam and optical axis, close to zero degree, is the directional light of high accuracy collimationBundle, this collimated light beam can be broken through diffraction limit in theory.
3. the new type ideal aspheric surface colimated light system of a kind of semiconductor laser according to claim 1, its spyLevy and be described desirable aspheric surface collimation planoconvex spotlight, depart from the spot light of its left focus a distanceThe light that (astigmatism light source) sends is after these lens, and the angle of divergence between outgoing beam and optical axis is better than identicalThe collimated divergence angle of the hyperboloid of revolution planoconvex spotlight in parameter (focal length, center thickness, refractive index) situation.Therefore the desirable aspheric surface collimation planoconvex spotlight in the present invention is to having the semiconductor laser outgoing of certain astigmatismLight beam has good collimation effect.
4. the new type ideal aspheric surface colimated light system of a kind of semiconductor laser according to claim 1, its spyLevy and be that described prism group is to after desirable aspheric surface collimation planoconvex spotlight collimation claimed in claim 2The minor axis of collimated light beam of oval cross section expand or major axis compressed, by changing the top of prismCompression (or amplify) multiple of angle to light beam controlled, and can realize the compression multiple of various needs, thereby realThe collimated light beam of existing oval cross section is shaped as the collimated light beam of circular cross-section.
5. the new type ideal aspheric surface colimated light system of a kind of semiconductor laser according to claim 1, its spyLevy and be that the design of described desirable aspheric surface collimation planoconvex spotlight and prism group is based on vector reflection theorem, buildVertical three-dimensional reflecting surface and vector ray model, utilize MATLAB program to carry out optimum to optical system structure and establishMeter, simulation analysis is carried out in the space transmission to light in optical system.
CN201610040840.XA 2016-01-21 2016-01-21 Novel ideal aspheric collimation system of semiconductor laser Pending CN105607276A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106443890A (en) * 2016-12-12 2017-02-22 长春理工大学 Efficient spatial light to single-mode optical fiber coupling system based on non-spherical-surface shaper
CN108957775A (en) * 2018-07-24 2018-12-07 电子科技大学 The aspherical colimated light system of new type ideal with eigen astigmatism semiconductor laser
CN111007484A (en) * 2019-12-27 2020-04-14 联合微电子中心有限责任公司 Single line laser radar

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5013136A (en) * 1989-01-03 1991-05-07 Eastman Kodak Company Method and apparatus for anamorphically shaping and achromatically deflecting electromagnetic beams
JPH10197826A (en) * 1997-01-10 1998-07-31 Asahi Optical Co Ltd Beam shaping optical system
US20080231600A1 (en) * 2007-03-23 2008-09-25 Smith George E Near-Normal Incidence Optical Mouse Illumination System with Prism
CN104536150A (en) * 2015-01-26 2015-04-22 电子科技大学 Optical system for generating high-precision collimated hollow laser beams

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5013136A (en) * 1989-01-03 1991-05-07 Eastman Kodak Company Method and apparatus for anamorphically shaping and achromatically deflecting electromagnetic beams
JPH10197826A (en) * 1997-01-10 1998-07-31 Asahi Optical Co Ltd Beam shaping optical system
US20080231600A1 (en) * 2007-03-23 2008-09-25 Smith George E Near-Normal Incidence Optical Mouse Illumination System with Prism
CN104536150A (en) * 2015-01-26 2015-04-22 电子科技大学 Optical system for generating high-precision collimated hollow laser beams

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106443890A (en) * 2016-12-12 2017-02-22 长春理工大学 Efficient spatial light to single-mode optical fiber coupling system based on non-spherical-surface shaper
CN108957775A (en) * 2018-07-24 2018-12-07 电子科技大学 The aspherical colimated light system of new type ideal with eigen astigmatism semiconductor laser
CN111007484A (en) * 2019-12-27 2020-04-14 联合微电子中心有限责任公司 Single line laser radar
CN111007484B (en) * 2019-12-27 2023-08-25 联合微电子中心有限责任公司 Single-line laser radar

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