CN105606268A - Welding residual stress ultrasonic evaluation method based on dynamic magnetostriction coefficient measurement - Google Patents
Welding residual stress ultrasonic evaluation method based on dynamic magnetostriction coefficient measurement Download PDFInfo
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- CN105606268A CN105606268A CN201610141460.5A CN201610141460A CN105606268A CN 105606268 A CN105606268 A CN 105606268A CN 201610141460 A CN201610141460 A CN 201610141460A CN 105606268 A CN105606268 A CN 105606268A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/12—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in the magnetic properties of materials resulting from the application of stress
- G01L1/125—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in the magnetic properties of materials resulting from the application of stress by using magnetostrictive means
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- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a welding residual stress ultrasonic evaluation method based on dynamic magnetostriction coefficient measurement. The fundamental principle of the welding residual stress ultrasonic evaluation method based on dynamic magnetostriction coefficient measurement is that a magnetostriction coefficient of ferro magnetic material is sensitive to stress; when the stress state of the ferro magnetic material is different, the magnetostriction coefficient curve changes so as to influence the magnetic-acoustic conversion efficiency. By means of measuring different magnetizing field intensity, a transverse wave reflection signal amplitude changing curve received by a magnetic induced shrinkage or elongation transverse wave sensor in a welding area can dynamically reflect the changing rule that the magnetostriction coefficient curve changes following the stress. By means of regulation and control of an electromagnet field current amplitude and a period, multi-time of equiamplitude excitation and reception for a transverse wave signal can be realized and a changing curve, that is a dynamic magnetostriction coefficient curve, that the amplitude of a transverse wave reflection signal changes following the change of a surface tangential magnetic field intensity. A transverse wave amplitude under any surface tangential magnetic field intensity or a gradient parameter of the dynamic magnetostriction coefficient curve can represent the magnitude of the residual stress of a welding area.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to stress nondestructive measurement technical field, relate to a kind of based on dynamic magnetostriction coefficient surveyThe welding residual stress ultrasonic evaluation method of amount. The method utilizes welding residual stress to ferrimagnet magneticCause the impact of coefficient of dilatation curve, adopt magnetostriction transverse wave testing method, measure the dynamic of welding regionMagnetostriction coefficient curve, extracts characteristic parameter the residual stress size of drawing, press of welding region is shownLevy.
Background technology:
Welding process is a butt-welding fitting local heat cooling process gradually then, inhomogeneous temperature fieldTo make weldment each several part produce inhomogeneous deformation, thereby produce welding residual stress. Welding residual stress is tightGhost image rings the ability such as fatigue strength, anti-brittle failure and stress corrosion dehiscence resistant of structure, residual stress harmlessTest is the important technical of evaluating welding quality.
Supercritical ultrasonics technology is one of important method of welding residual stress nondestructive measurement. Current mainly based on sound bulletEffect, adopts the sonic velocity change reflection residual stress size of ultrasonic wave in welding region. Due to sound bullet effectShould be comparatively faint, the sensitivity of velocity of sound counter stress is not high, while adopting the method to detect, signal is adoptedCollection hardware requirement is higher, and testing result is subject to noise jamming. Therefore, be necessary explore examine based on differenceSurvey the stress measurement new method of mechanism, and improve detection sensitivity and the antijamming capability of method.
The welding residual stress ultrasound Evaluation side of measuring based on dynamic magnetostriction coefficient that the present invention announcesMethod, adopts ultrasonic wave amplitude with the multinomial characteristic parameter in the change curve of exciting field intensity, residual to weldingResidue stress characterizes, and belongs to new stress non-destructive measuring method.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention is a kind of welding residual stress ultrasound Evaluation side of measuring based on dynamic magnetostriction coefficientMethod, object is to provide one can realize efficient, convenient, welding residual stress new method of measuring accurately.For achieving the above object, technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
The welding residual stress ultrasonic evaluation method of measuring based on dynamic magnetostriction coefficient, its principle relates toIntrinsic magnetic-bullet characteristic of ferrimagnet, magnetostriction coefficient when the stress state of ferrimagnet is differentCurve will change, and then affect magnetic-sound conversion efficiency of magnetostriction shear wave sensor; Different excitingUnder field intensity effect, the ultrasonic action of magnetostriction shear wave probe and receiving efficiency can reflect material indirectlyThe variation of magnetostriction coefficient curve, the ultrasonic action and the receiving efficiency that cause flexible shear wave probe exist with shear waveReflected signal amplitude in Welding Structure represents, by transverse wave reflection signal amplitude with material surface tangential magnetic fieldThe change curve of intensity, i.e. dynamic magnetostriction coefficient curve, after rolling average is processed, extraction is taken the post asAmplitude under expectation face tangential magnetic field intensity or dynamically magnetostriction coefficient slope of a curve; Record each weldingAmplitude under arbitrary surfaces tangential magnetic field intensity under residual stress level or dynamically magnetostriction coefficient curveSlope matching obtain calibration equation, draw, press residual stress size to characterize to welding region.
In the time that magnetostriction shear wave sensor scans along welding region, can obtain residual stress in scanningThe Changing Pattern of direction; The electromagnet of magnetostriction shear wave sensor by U-shaped magnetic core be wound in magnetic coreMagnet exciting coil forms, and in single-point testing process, the electromagnet of magnetostriction shear wave sensor provides magnetic field pairWelding region magnetizes, and passes into pulse ac signal and produce along welding knot with excitation in planar rectangular coilThe shear wave that structure thickness direction is propagated, reflection echo is received by rectangle plane coil; Be arranged in planar rectangular lineThe Hall element of circle center is measured the surperficial tangential magnetic field of welding region; By regulation and control electromagnet excitationCurrent amplitude and cycle, realize repeatedly (> 2kHz of shear wave signal) constant amplitude excitation with receive, record shear waveReflected signal amplitude is with the change curve of surperficial tangential magnetic field intensity, i.e. dynamic magnetostriction coefficient curve.
The specific implementation mistake of the welding residual stress ultrasonic evaluation method of measuring based on dynamic magnetostriction coefficientJourney comprises measuring process and calibration process two parts:
The implementation of measuring process is: magnetostriction shear wave sensor is placed on to the surface of weld seam 7,Magnetostriction shear wave sensor and tested weldment 8 are fitted tightly. Utilize binary channels arbitrary function to occurDevice 1 produces pulse ac signal and low frequency sinusoidal excitation signal. Low frequency sinusoidal excitation signal inputs to bipolarAfter property power supply 2 amplifies, pass into the magnet exciting coil 3 being wound on magnetic core 4, so that bias magnetic field to be providedHSWelding region is magnetized. Pulse ac signal accesses plane after pulse power amplifier 9 amplifiesSquare coil 6, produces dynamic magnetic field HD. Material, under bias magnetic field and dynamic magnetic field acting in conjunction, is subject toMagnetostriction mechanism control produces the shear wave of propagating along weld seam 7 thickness directions. At planar rectangular coil 6A Hall element 5 is installed in center, measures the tangential magnetic field intensity H of material surface. Magnetostriction horizontal strokeWave sensor adopts self excitation and self receiving mode, detects transverse wave reflection signal. As dynamic magnetic field HDWhile remaining unchanged,The launching efficiency β approximate expression of magnetostriction shear wave sensor is:
Wherein λ is magnetostriction coefficient, and M is biased magnetic field strength HSThe intensity of magnetization of the lower material of effect.The relation of magnetostriction coefficient and the material intensity of magnetization adopts magnetostriction coefficient curve λ-M to represent. Above formulaShow, as dynamic magnetic field HDWhile remaining unchanged, shear-wave generation efficiency and the mangneto of magneto strictive sensor are stretchedThe slope of contracting coefficient curveRelevant. In the time of the residual stress σ of material internal difference, slopeValueDifference, and then the launching efficiency β of magnetostriction shear wave sensor changes, i.e. identical moving field HDDoWith under, the shear wave energy of sensor excitation is inconsistent, during for detection of fixed thickness test specimen, reflection echoSignal amplitude by corresponding difference. During for detection of fixed thickness test specimen, dynamically magnetostriction coefficient songAmplitude in line under arbitrary surfaces tangential magnetic field intensity all can be used for characterizing welding residual stress.
The implementation of welding residual stress calibration process is: by regulation and control electromagnet exciting current amplitude andCycle, to realize repeatedly (> 2kHz of shear wave signal) constant amplitude excitation and reception, finally draw out shear wave anti-Penetrate the change curve of signal amplitude with surperficial tangential magnetic field intensity H, i.e. dynamic magnetostriction coefficient curve.Dynamic magnetostriction coefficient curve is carried out to rolling average processing, to obtain smooth dynamic magnetostriction beNumber curve. Extract arbitrary surfaces tangential magnetic field intensity (recommending surperficial tangential magnetic field intensity is 0,Or HMAX) under shear wave amplitude or dynamic magnetostriction coefficient slope of a curve. Recording each welding remnants shouldAmplitude under arbitrary surfaces tangential magnetic field intensity under force level or dynamically magnetostriction coefficient slope of a curveAnd matching obtains calibration equation, can be used to butt welding and connect region and draw, press residual stress size to characterize.
The present invention adopts above technical scheme, the ultrasonic wave amplitude of utilizing magnetostriction shear wave sensor to produceInformation has represented the impact of welding residual stress on magnetostriction coefficient curve dexterously, thereby sets up welderingConnect the relation between residual stress and dynamic magnetostriction coefficient curve, realize the harmless of welding residual stressMeasure.
Brief description of the drawings:
Fig. 1 magnetostriction shear wave sensor excitation circuit and detecting element schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 magnetostriction shear wave sensor excitation signal and shear wave detection signal waveform schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 magnetostriction shear wave working sensor schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 stress affects rule schematic diagram to magnetostriction coefficient curve;
Dynamic magnetostriction coefficient curved measurement result schematic diagram under Fig. 5 different stress.
In figure: 1-binary channels arbitrary-function generator 2-bipolar power supply 3-magnet exciting coil 4-FERRITE CORE5-Hall element 6-planar rectangular coil 7-weld seam 8-weldment 9-pulse power amplifier
Detailed description of the invention:
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect clearer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawingEmbodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
The invention provides a kind of welding residual stress ultrasound Evaluation of measuring based on dynamic magnetostriction coefficientMethod, described measuring method comprises following step:
1, as shown in Figure 1, magnetostriction shear wave sensor is placed on to the surface of weld seam 7, mangneto is stretchedContracting shear wave sensor and tested weldment 8 fit tightly.
2, utilize binary channels arbitrary-function generator 1 to produce pulse ac signal (> 2kHz) and low frequency is justString excitation signal (1-100Hz). After low frequency sinusoidal excitation signal inputs to bipolar power supply 2 and amplifies,Pass into the magnet exciting coil 3 being wound on magnetic core 4, so that bias magnetic field H to be providedSWelding region is magnetized.Pulse ac signal accesses planar rectangular coil 6 after pulse power amplifier 9 amplifies, and produces dynamic magnetic fieldHD. Fig. 2 has shown the time domain waveform of pulse ac signal and low frequency sinusoidal excitation signal, at low frequency sineIn the positive half period of excitation signal work, in planar rectangular coil 6, pass into multiple pulses AC signal, withComplete excitation and the reception of shear wave signal; At the negative half-cycle of low frequency sinusoidal excitation signal work, heavy equallyMultiple said process, obtains to test the shear wave signal waveform that amplitude changes with low frequency sinusoidal excitation signal amplitude.
3, Fig. 3 shows the bias magnetic field H that magnetostriction shear wave sensor providesSWith dynamic magnetic field HD'sDirection, material, under two magnetic field actings in conjunction, is produced along weld seam 7 thickness by magnetostriction mechanism controlThe shear wave that direction is propagated. Adopt self excitation and self receiving mode, planar rectangular coil 6 can receive transverse wave reflection and returnRipple.
4,, carrying out in shear wave signal detection process, utilize and to be placed on planar rectangular coil 6 centersHall element 5 is measured the tangential magnetic field intensity time varying signal H of material surface.
5, Fig. 4 shows the magnetostriction coefficient curve of material under different stress. When material is in sameWhen one magnetized state M, due to the difference of stress σ, the slope of magnetostriction coefficient curve each point will be causedChange, be alsoDifferent (as mark in figure 1,2,3 three position, their intensity of magnetizationM is the same, causes but their stress are differentThere are differences). By adopting the letter of excitation shown in Fig. 2Number magnetostriction shear wave sensor is encouraged, the shear wave detection signal amplitude receiving can represent magneticCause the slope variation at diverse location place on coefficient of dilatation curve. And stress is to diverse location place slope on curveImpact can obtain by calibration experiment.
6, Fig. 5 is according to excitation shown in Fig. 2 and the dynamic magnetostriction coefficient curve that receives signal drafting,Carry out after rolling average processing, extract shear wave amplitude E under arbitrary surfaces tangential magnetic field intensity or dynamicallyMagnetostriction coefficient slope of a curve K parameter, the arbitrary surfaces recording under each welding residual stress level is cutTo magnetic field intensity (recommending surperficial tangential magnetic field intensity is 0,Or HMAXBut be not limited to theseSurface tangential magnetic field intensity, select multiple after can from the carrying out that wherein Select Error is less characterize remaining shouldThe size of power σ) under amplitude or dynamically magnetostriction coefficient slope of a curve matching obtain calibration equation,Can be used to characterize the size of welding residual stress σ.
7, along the surperficial mobile magnetostriction shear wave sensor of weld seam 7, repeat above-mentioned steps, can obtain notWith the dynamic magnetostriction coefficient curve at position, extract the shear wave width under arbitrary surfaces tangential magnetic field intensityValue E or dynamically magnetostriction coefficient slope of a curve K parameter, bring calibration equation into, with to residual stressThe distribution situation of σ is evaluated.
Claims (2)
1. the welding residual stress ultrasonic evaluation method of measuring based on dynamic magnetostriction coefficient, differenceUnder the effect of exciting field intensity, the ultrasonic action and the receiving efficiency that cause flexible shear wave probe are welding with shear waveReflected signal amplitude in structure represents, transverse wave reflection signal amplitude is strong with material surface tangential magnetic fieldThe change curve of degree, i.e. dynamic magnetostriction coefficient curve, after rolling average is processed, extraction is taken the post asAmplitude under expectation face tangential magnetic field intensity or dynamically magnetostriction coefficient slope of a curve; Record each welderingThe amplitude or the dynamic magnetostriction that connect under the arbitrary surfaces tangential magnetic field intensity under residual stress level areSlope the matching of number curve obtain calibration equation, draw, press residual stress size to carry out to welding regionCharacterize.
2. welding of measuring based on dynamic magnetostriction coefficient according to claim 1 is remaining shouldPower ultrasonic evaluation method, is characterized in that, when magnetostriction shear wave sensor is swept along welding regionWhile retouching, obtain the Changing Pattern of residual stress in scanning direction; The electromagnetism of magnetostriction shear wave sensorIron is made up of U-shaped magnetic core and the magnet exciting coil that is wound in magnetic core, and in single-point testing process, mangneto is stretchedThe electromagnet of contracting shear wave sensor provides magnetic field to magnetize welding region, logical in planar rectangular coilEnter pulse ac signal and produce the shear wave of propagating along Welding Structure thickness direction, reflection echo quilt with excitationRectangle plane coil receives; The Hall element that is arranged in planar rectangular hub of a spool position is measured weld zoneThe surperficial tangential magnetic field in territory; By regulation and control electromagnet exciting current amplitude and cycle, realize shear wave signalRepeatedly constant amplitude excitation with receive, record the change of transverse wave reflection signal amplitude with surperficial tangential magnetic field intensityChange curve, i.e. dynamic magnetostriction coefficient curve.
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107423506A (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2017-12-01 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of magnetostriction materials externally produce the computational methods of maximal magnetization intensity |
| CN108760117A (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2018-11-06 | 南京航空航天大学 | The method that electromagnetic acoustic based on magnetostrictive effect measures plate stress |
| CN109142057A (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2019-01-04 | 北京工业大学 | The Barkhausen noise non-destructive measuring method and system of ferrimagnet local stress and strain field |
| CN110471010A (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2019-11-19 | 北京工业大学 | The SH of ferrimagnet Magnetostrictive curve0Mode supersonic guide-wave measurement method |
| CN110512053A (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2019-11-29 | 内蒙古科技大学 | A kind of device based on electromagnetic energy removal welding residual stress |
| CN111521310A (en) * | 2019-02-02 | 2020-08-11 | 中国特种设备检测研究院 | Method and system for determining residual stress and residual elimination effect of ferromagnetic material |
| CN111595493A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-08-28 | 沈阳仪表科学研究院有限公司 | Pipeline stress detection probe and method based on magnetostrictive inverse effect |
| CN113922003A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2022-01-11 | 湖北亿纬动力有限公司 | Ultrasonic welding effect evaluation method and lithium ion battery |
| CN114002627A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-02-01 | 深圳技术大学 | Microcosmic in-situ measurement system for magnetostrictive material in high-intensity magnetic field |
| CN115452204A (en) * | 2022-08-30 | 2022-12-09 | 华能广西清洁能源有限公司 | Force sensing measurement method based on inverse magnetostriction effect |
| CN116540156A (en) * | 2023-04-27 | 2023-08-04 | 长安大学 | Sensitivity-adjustable magnetic field strength sensor based on laminated magnetoelectric structure and adjusting method |
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Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107423506A (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2017-12-01 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of magnetostriction materials externally produce the computational methods of maximal magnetization intensity |
| CN108760117A (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2018-11-06 | 南京航空航天大学 | The method that electromagnetic acoustic based on magnetostrictive effect measures plate stress |
| CN109142057A (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2019-01-04 | 北京工业大学 | The Barkhausen noise non-destructive measuring method and system of ferrimagnet local stress and strain field |
| CN111521310A (en) * | 2019-02-02 | 2020-08-11 | 中国特种设备检测研究院 | Method and system for determining residual stress and residual elimination effect of ferromagnetic material |
| CN110512053A (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2019-11-29 | 内蒙古科技大学 | A kind of device based on electromagnetic energy removal welding residual stress |
| CN110471010A (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2019-11-19 | 北京工业大学 | The SH of ferrimagnet Magnetostrictive curve0Mode supersonic guide-wave measurement method |
| CN110471010B (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2021-09-10 | 北京工业大学 | SH of magnetostriction curve of ferromagnetic material0Modal ultrasonic guided wave measuring method |
| CN111595493A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-08-28 | 沈阳仪表科学研究院有限公司 | Pipeline stress detection probe and method based on magnetostrictive inverse effect |
| CN113922003A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2022-01-11 | 湖北亿纬动力有限公司 | Ultrasonic welding effect evaluation method and lithium ion battery |
| CN113922003B (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2023-09-01 | 湖北亿纬动力有限公司 | Ultrasonic welding effect evaluation method and lithium ion battery |
| CN114002627A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-02-01 | 深圳技术大学 | Microcosmic in-situ measurement system for magnetostrictive material in high-intensity magnetic field |
| CN114002627B (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2023-08-25 | 深圳技术大学 | Microcosmic in-situ measurement system of magnetostrictive material under strong magnetic field |
| CN115452204A (en) * | 2022-08-30 | 2022-12-09 | 华能广西清洁能源有限公司 | Force sensing measurement method based on inverse magnetostriction effect |
| CN115452204B (en) * | 2022-08-30 | 2023-05-12 | 华能广西清洁能源有限公司 | Force sensing measurement method based on inverse magnetostriction effect |
| CN116540156A (en) * | 2023-04-27 | 2023-08-04 | 长安大学 | Sensitivity-adjustable magnetic field strength sensor based on laminated magnetoelectric structure and adjusting method |
| CN116540156B (en) * | 2023-04-27 | 2023-10-31 | 长安大学 | Sensitivity-adjustable magnetic field strength sensor based on laminated magnetoelectric structure and adjusting method |
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