A kind of rolling bearing vibration at high speed measurement device
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of vibration testing equipment, belong to mechanical workpieces detection technique field.
Background technology
Digit Control Machine Tool and basic manufacturing equipment are equipment manufacture " machine-tools ", a national machine industry technology waterGentle product quality is the important symbol of weighing its equipment manufacture development level. At present, for obtain higher production efficiency,Higher crudy, extensive use high speed machining, and realize high speed, high reliability, the high accuracy of machining toolCritical component be electric main shaft, the critical component of realizing electric main shaft high speed is bearing, at present grease lubrication grinding class electricity main shaftDmn value is up to 1.56 × 106mmr/min, and this serviceability to grease lubricating bearing has very high requirement. Grease lubricationIn the time dispatching from the factory, passed through the detection of standard rolling bearing vibration mechine, in actual high speed use procedure, there is early stage master in main shaftShaft vibration is excessive, and in use procedure, the life-span is much smaller than theoretical service life. Therefore in high rotating speed and slow-revving situation,Bearing shows different vibration behaviors, uses the results of property of the low speed vibration that standard rolling bearing vibration measuring set records can notRepresent service condition at a high speed.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to as solving existing bearing detection is all low-speed detection, and bearing actual working state is normally in high speedLower operation, low-speed detection means cannot meet the grasp to bearing actual performance at present, detect data and cannot meet real workThe problem needing, and then a kind of rolling bearing vibration at high speed measurement device is provided.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme of taking to be:
A kind of rolling bearing vibration at high speed measurement device, it comprise testing stand, axial loading device, sensor locator,Drive shaft and total base, described total base is horizontally disposed with, and described testing stand is arranged on total base, described sensor localizationDevice is arranged on testing stand, and a side of described sensor locator is provided with axial loading device, described sensor localizationThe opposite side of device is provided with drive shaft;
Described sensor locator comprises positioning base, positioning beam, crossbeam, leading screw, sensor cluster and two polished rods,Described positioning base is fixedly connected on testing stand, and two polished rods are vertically arranged on positioning base side by side, and described crossbeam is with fixedPosition base parallels and the bottom of described crossbeam is fixedly connected with the top of two polished rods, on described two polished rods, is set with locationBeam, described positioning beam moves back and forth up and down along the length direction of polished rod, is equipped with the leading screw of vertical setting in described positioning beam,In described positioning beam, be provided with sensor cluster, test bearing between positioning base and positioning beam, described test bearing coverBe contained in drive shaft and this test bearing holds out against in drive shaft by axial loading device, the inspection of described sensor clusterGauge head is adjacent to mutually with the outer ring of test bearing.
The present invention's advantage compared with prior art:
1, the bearing vibration measuring instrument that Ge great bearing production firm is equipped with at present mainly contains two kinds: the one, and bear vibration accelerationMeasuring instrument, taking S0910 series as representative; The 2nd, bearing vibration speed measurer, taking BTV series as representative. The present inventionFor a kind of rolling bearing vibration at high speed measurement device, the present invention develops as basis taking S0910 series, can meet existingVibration detection to bearing under row national standard, again can expanding test condition, detects the vibration of high-speed working condition condition lower bearing.
2, the index that the present invention detects comprise the bearing size scope measured, vibration measured value scope, the speed of mainshaft, frequency band range,Axially loading, sensor pretightning force. Set up high-speed bearing vibration measurement testing stand according to the requirement of national standard, take into account realityUser demand design index of correlation, can meet the regulation of national standard to bearing vibration measuring instrument, can detect again bearing at heightVibration under speed running.
3, the present invention uses flexibly, applied widely, and in sampling test, measuring bearing size scope, to be restricted to internal diameter be ΦThe rolling bearing of 17mm. When there being the vibration measurement demand of other model bearings, only need to change the mandrel in drive shaft.
4, in the present invention, between axial loading device and drive shaft, be equipped with the steady job realizing test bearing, passSensor positioner is realized the testing to test bearing. The wherein frequency response of sensor cluster in sensor locatorScope is the highest can reach 20KHz.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is main TV structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the main TV structure schematic diagram of sensor locator 3;
Fig. 3 is the plan structure schematic diagram of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is the main TV structure profile of sensor cluster 3-5;
Fig. 5 is the main TV structure schematic diagram of axial loading device 2;
Fig. 6 is the plan structure profile of axial loading device 2;
Fig. 7 is that the rate of skidding of bearing is with the curve map of the variation of axial force;
Fig. 8 is the distribution map of the vibration amplitude of different pretightning force lower bearings;
Fig. 9 is the vibration detection result block diagram of standard rolling bearing vibration measuring set;
Figure 10 is that the vibration class of standard rolling bearing vibration measuring set is evaluated block diagram;
Figure 11 is the block diagram of vibration detection result of the present invention;
Figure 12 is that test bearing vibration class of the present invention is evaluated block diagram;
Figure 13 is the comparative analysis figure of twice vibration detection of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Detailed description of the invention one: below in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Figure 13, present embodiment is described, present embodiment comprise testing stand 1,Axial loading device 2, sensor locator 3, drive shaft 5 and total base 7, described total base 7 is horizontally disposed with,Described testing stand 1 is arranged on total base 7, and described sensor locator 3 is arranged on testing stand 1, described sensorOne side of positioner 3 is provided with axial loading device 2, and the opposite side of described sensor locator 3 is provided with and drives masterAxle 5;
Described sensor locator 3 comprises positioning base 3-1, positioning beam 3-2, crossbeam 3-3, leading screw 3-4, sensorAssembly 3-5 and two polished rod 3-6, described positioning base 3-1 is fixedly connected on testing stand 1, and two polished rod 3-6 are arranged side by sideVertically be arranged on positioning base 3-1 upper, described crossbeam 3-3 parallels with positioning base 3-1 and the bottom of described crossbeam 3-3Be fixedly connected with the top of two polished rod 3-6, on described two polished rod 3-6, be set with positioning beam 3-2, described positioning beam 3-2Length direction along polished rod 3-6 moves back and forth up and down, and is equipped with the leading screw 3-4 of vertical setting, institute on described positioning beam 3-2State and on positioning beam 3-2, be provided with sensor cluster 3-5, test bearing 4 between positioning base 3-1 and positioning beam 3-2,Described test bearing 4 is sleeved in drive shaft 5 and this test bearing 4 holds out against in drive shaft by axial loading device 2On 5, the detection head of described sensor cluster 3-5 is adjacent to mutually with the outer ring of test bearing 4.
The present invention is on the basis with reference to S0910-II and BVT-1A bearing vibration measuring instrument, with " GB/T24610-2009Bearing vibration measuring method " and " JB/T5314-2002 bearing vibration acceleration measurement method " two standards inThe starting point that bearing vibration measuring device properties is required is guideline, takes into full account high-speed working condition condition and meets mainWant the scheme of technical requirement. For improving the rotating speed scope of application of bear vibration testing stand, the highest use limiting at present turnsSpeed is 60000r/min, analyzes high-speed electric main shaft grease lubricating bearing vibration performance and must be able to reach actual rotating speed requirement, in workUnder condition velocity conditions, measure bear vibration, for the research of high-speed bearing vibration performance provides authentic data support. Therefore in the present inventionThe maximum speed of drive shaft 5 is 60000r/min.
Inquiry national standard " JB/T7047-2006 rolling bearing deep groove ball bearing vibration acceleration technical conditions ", regulationThe AL Acceleration Level limit value of 7003C model bearing is that 46dB, AL Acceleration Level peak value limit value are 51dB. According to formula (1):
L in formula---vibration acceleration grade, unit is dB;
A---vibration acceleration root-mean-square value or bear vibration acceleration peak value in a certain frequency range, unit ism/s2;
a0---reference acceleration, value is 9.81 × 103m/s2;
Changing and being AL Acceleration Level limit value is 0.355g into 0.2g, AL Acceleration Level peak value limit value. In process of the test, along with rotating speedIncrease, the vibration of bearing has certain amplification; But consider the accuracy of measurement, also should not select excessive range,Consider that finally to select greatest measurement be that 10g is the piezoelectric type acceleration type sensor of 80dB. Measurement model of the present inventionEnclose for 10g.
Be 50~10000Hz according to the frequency range of national Specification, but also exist and permitted between 10000~20000HzThe vibration information can not be ignored more. On market, the frequency response range of general piezoelectric acceleration sensor can reach 18kHz, arrivesThe piezoelectric acceleration sensor of 20kHz need customize and have certain difficulty. The frequency of the piezoelectric acceleration sensor of HI high impact is rungAlthough the scope of answering can be up to 60kHz, its measurement category also reaches 1000g, and range is considerably beyond the oscillating region of bearing,The loss bringing is that the sensitivity of sensor is had a greatly reduced quality. Therefore, synthetic setting frequency band range of the present invention is50~20000Hz。
The present invention, in vibration measuring process, in order to limit the kinematics condition of bearing, generally tackles bearing and applies certain load.The load applying should be suitable, prevents that the relatively inside and outside lasso raceway of rolling element from skidding but unlikely causing is out of shape and impact measurementResult. For 7003C bearing, the setting value of the axial load that GB specifies is between 90-110N. Calculation bearing existsThe rate of skidding under 1500rpm and 100N condition is 0. Rotating speed is made as 60000rpm, radial load is 8N, according to descriptionHaving a little variation although accompanying drawing 7 can be found out the rate of skidding of bearing, is nearly all 0. The scope of visible axial loading forceAs long as guarantee to limit the motion of bearing outer ring. Therefore axial loading force of the present invention is 50-100N.
About being described as follows of the sensor pretightning force of sensor cluster 3-5:
In any vibration measurement, the most appropriate measuring process is degree of will speed up sensor and the testee side with rigid attachmentMethod is fixed together, and this is to solve frequency response the best way. But, this concerning the vibration measurement of bearing, Ji HushiImpossible. Solution increases a vibration-sensing rod between acceleration transducer and measured bearing outer ring now, and accelerationSensor forms the sensor element of whole instrument together. For the accuracy that ensures to measure, consider this rigid of transmission linkStarting point be in measuring process, to require vibration-sensing rod and the bearing outer ring phenomenon that is not under any circumstance separated. For this reason,Measurement terminal must have enough pressure to surface of the work.
The condition that does not produce the phenomenon that is separated according to the known vibration-sensing rod of formula (2) and bearing outer ring is:
P≥meω2sin(ωt)(2)
P in formula---pretightning force, N;
The quality of m---kinematic system, g;
E---pretightning force maximum eccentricity amount, mm;
ω---bear vibration angular frequency, rad/s;
Experimental result shows: pretightning force reach enough large after, the measured value of sensor is by stable certain level that remains onFlat region. Because the parameter in the present invention can not Measurement accuracy, therefore we intend being determined by experiment sensorGood pretightning force. In sum, the key technical indexes of high-speed bearing vibration detection testing stand is as shown in table 1-1:
Table 1-1 high-speed bearing vibration detection testing stand the key technical indexes
Dynamical system is for bearing provides power, the difficult journey of the large and design of the vibration of considering high-speed condition lower transmission systemDegree, the drive shaft 5 in the present invention adopts high-precision cipher telegram main shaft directly for bearing provides power, and frequency converter carries out electric main shaftStepless speed regulation. The model of drive shaft 5 is DGZ-60E type electricity main shaft, in order to measure bearing under different rotating speeds conditionVibration signal, need to carry out frequency control to drive shaft 5. In selecting frequency converter, consider the stability of work,Need to give certain surplus capacity. Select VFD075V43A-2 type frequency converter.
In the present invention, the setting of axial loading device 2 can ensure the size of loading force, needs again to ensure the direction of loading force.The finished parts that axial loading device 2 is existing purchase, axial loading device 2 comprise loading spring 2-1, clamp nut 2-2,Loading disc 2-3, flexible pawl 2-4, loaded seat 2-5 and charging handle 2-6, the elastic force of utilizing loading spring 2-1 to producePass to test bearing 4 by loading disc 2-3 and flexible pawl 2-4, and then realize the loading to test bearing 4. Loading forceSize depend on the rigidity of loading spring 2-1 and the decrement of loading spring 2-1 by charging handle 2-6, and canBy regulating clamp nut 2-2 to regulate. Axial load is passed to test bearing 4 by the elastic force of loading spring 2-1.
Sensor cluster 3-5 in the present invention is existing member, and it is AD500T-DIEPE type piezoelectric acceleration sensor.Sensor locator 3 is to locate centered by the detection head of sensor cluster 3-5, therefore the position of sensor cluster 3-5Adjusting device only changes its vertical position, moves up and down. Adopt two polished rod 3-6 as adjusting positioning beamThe guide rail of 3-2; Leading screw 3-4 is larger rigidity leading screw, and it arranges realizes moving up and down of positioning beam 3-2.
The present invention is also supporting a measuring system, and this measuring system is DH5909 dynamic signal analyzer, sensor cluster 3-5Model be IEPE acceleration transducer, this dynamic signal analyzer can support the use with IEPE acceleration transducer,Single channel can be realized the frequency sampling of 102.4kHz, can meet test requirements document completely.
Detailed description of the invention two: in conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, present embodiment is described, sensor described in present embodimentPositioner 3 also comprises set lever 3-7, set lever 3-7 be positioned on the end face of crossbeam 3-3 and its flat head bolt towardsLeading screw 3-4 arranges.
In present embodiment, set lever 3-7 is arranged on the end face of crossbeam 3-3, logical after positioning beam 3-2 adjusts positionThe flat head bolt of crossing set lever 3-7 withstands leading screw 3-4, plays the effect of locking leading screw 3-4, thereby prevents positioning beam 3-2Play up and down, be conducive to improve the accuracy that sensor locator 3 is located and detected. Other NM structure and companiesConnect relation identical with detailed description of the invention one.
Detailed description of the invention three: in conjunction with Fig. 2, present embodiment is described, in present embodiment: described sensor locator 3Also comprise two sliding bearing 3-8, described positioning beam 3-2 is processed with two through holes along its thickness direction, in each through hole, establishesBe equipped with a sliding bearing 3-8, sliding bearing 3-8 and polished rod 3-6 corresponding setting one by one, each polished rod 3-6 is located in itCorresponding sliding bearing 3-8 is upper, and described positioning beam 3-2 is slidably matched by two sliding bearing 3-8 and two polished rod 3-6.Other NM structures and annexation are identical with detailed description of the invention two.
Detailed description of the invention four: in conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, present embodiment is described, sensor described in present embodimentPositioner 3 also comprises first run 3-8, and described first run 3-8 is sleeved on the top of leading screw 3-4, the upper processing of described first run 3-8There is scale.
The displacement that can clearly indicate positioning beam 3-2 to move up and down with graduated first run 3-8 in present embodiment, therebyBetter aiding sensors assembly 3-5 realizes the testing of test bearing 4. Other NM structures and annexation andDetailed description of the invention three is identical.
Detailed description of the invention five: present embodiment is that detailed description of the invention one or four is further illustrated, present embodimentDescribed in a kind of rolling bearing vibration at high speed measurement device also comprise electric spindle cooling device, described electric spindle cooling device settingThe outside of testing stand 1 and be connected with drive shaft 5.
In present embodiment, electric spindle cooling device is existing equipment, because drive shaft 5 can produce when the High Rotation Speed a large amount ofHeat, these heats make drive shaft 5 temperature fast rise, if can not shift in time these heats, drive shaftThe part of 5 inside will be affected, and causes the usage performance of moving main shaft 5 and service life all obviously to decline. Therefore be equipped withElectricity spindle cooling device, ensures the stable running in controlled scope of the operating temperature of drive shaft 5, electric main shaft cooling systemThe specific targets of system are in shown in Table 1-2.
The parameters of table 1-2 electricity spindle cooling device
Detailed description of the invention six: in conjunction with Fig. 1, present embodiment is described, described in present embodiment, a kind of rolling bearing shakes at a high speedMoving measurement device also comprises multiple dampers 6, in described testing stand 1, is hollow-core construction, and described multiple dampers 6 are arranged inIn testing stand 1.
The present invention sets up for the vibration of measuring bearing outer ring. Test bearing 4 is to be directly installed on drive shaftIn the axle of 5 front ends, and be also against with certain pressure by the detection head of axial loading device 2 fixation of sensor assembly 3-5On the outer ring of bearing. So the measurement of high-speed bearing vibration will be activated main shaft 5, axial loading device 2, sensingThe impact of the factors such as device assembly 3-5 and external environment. In order to reach certainty of measurement the most accurately, for except bearing self withOther outer vibration sources comprise that the vibration of drive shaft 5 and external environment etc. will carry out effective vibration isolation measure.
The first, the drive shaft 5 high-speed rotary change of teams cause that larger vibration, this vibration source can cause charger and sensor groupThe vibration of part, and then be coupled in bear vibration measurement, therefore must be by drive shaft 5 and loading system and sensor clusterSeparate. When design, adopt two experiment table tops, charger and sensor cluster are placed on a table top, drive shaft5 are placed in separately on an other table top by spindle drum, have so just isolated drive shaft 5 and charger and sensorVibration coupling between assembly, has avoided the loss of the vibration measurement precision causing thus, has increased significantly bearing and has shakenMoving certainty of measurement.
The second, external environment also can not look down upon on the impact of vibration measurement. In order to reduce the impact of surrounding environment, first utilizeThe abnormal heavy member in one, laboratory, as the stand of experimental bench, is secondly in testing stand 1, to lay multiple dampers 6,As 8 E-60 dampers, the interference that heavy testing stand 1 can alleviate extraneous vibration effectively; And damper can enterOne step stops the transmission of extraneous vibration, the impact of isolated environment. Other NM structure is identical with detailed description of the invention five.
Detailed description of the invention seven: present embodiment is that detailed description of the invention six is further illustrated, institute in present embodimentState a kind of rolling bearing vibration at high speed measurement device and also comprise protective cover, described protective cover covers on testing stand 1, described axialCharger 2, sensor locator 3 and drive shaft 5 are positioned at protective cover.
Protective cover in present embodiment is a kind of safeguard procedures, ensures the security of experiment. The design of protective cover can not be to axleThe generation of vibration impact of holding. Protective cover is by directly bonding forming of acrylic board, by axial loading device 2, sensor localization dressPut 3 and drive shaft 5 all cover, form encirclement to test bearing 4, the security of guarantee test.
In conjunction with beneficial effect of the present invention, embodiment is once described:
Embodiment mono-: utilize standard rolling bearing detector to carry out vibration detection
Utilize S0910-II bear vibration accelerograph to carry out standard vibration detection to 29 cover test bearings, three vibrationsAs shown in Figure 9, bear vibration grade evaluation as shown in figure 10 for testing result.
To the 29 cover bearings that detect through standard rolling bearing vibration measuring set, adopt identical test condition and method of testing,Utilize the present invention again to detect, shown in three vibration detection result Figure 11, bear vibration grade evaluation as shown in figure 12.
Known by contrasting, the present invention sets up and is intended to, on the basis of coverage criteria bearing vibration measuring instrument, can provide higherVelocity conditions, the vibration data 29 of measurement bearing under different rotating speeds condition overlaps test bearing and passes through respectively S0910-II profile shaftHold the detection of vibration acceleration measuring instrument and rolling bearing vibration at high speed measurement device, twice vibration detection of comparative analysis and gradeThe difference of evaluating, known according to Figure of description 13, there is certain fluctuation in twice measurement result. According to current standard pairWhen carrying out the evaluation of vibration class, measured bearing finds 11#, 13#, 16#, 18#, 22# and twice testing result of 27# bearingThere are differences, but still be distributed in two adjacent rate ranges, therefore, think that rolling bearing vibration at high speed measurement device is at markResult and the standard rolling bearing vibration measuring set testing result of under accurate fixing speed condition, bearing being carried out to vibration detection are to match.
The above analysis, the present invention can meet the repeatedly repeatability detection to same bearing, and testing result and standard axleThe testing result of holding vibration measuring set has uniformity, can meet the testing requirement daily to the bearing that dispatches from the factory.