CN105603418A - Method for improving microhardness of 42CrMo steel in laser cladding through fusion cladding powder - Google Patents

Method for improving microhardness of 42CrMo steel in laser cladding through fusion cladding powder Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105603418A
CN105603418A CN201610044447.8A CN201610044447A CN105603418A CN 105603418 A CN105603418 A CN 105603418A CN 201610044447 A CN201610044447 A CN 201610044447A CN 105603418 A CN105603418 A CN 105603418A
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powder
cladding powder
cladding
laser melting
melting coating
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CN105603418B (en
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罗震
谈辉
颜福裕
姚杞
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Tianjin University
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Tianjin University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
    • C23C24/106Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
    • B22F1/0003

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving microhardness of 42CrMo steel in laser cladding through fusion cladding powder. The fusion cladding powder is prepared from, by mass, 20-22% of Cr, 10-11% of Ni, 9.5-10.5% of Al, 1-1.5% of CeO2 and the balance Fe. The prepared powder is mixed into paste or cream through alcohol and then coats the surface of 42CrMo steel, and a composite coating can be obtained through laser cladding after the paste or cream is air dried. According to the technical scheme, a crack-free laser cladding layer can be obtained, the hardness is high, abrasive resistance is high, the price is low, and the method is suitable for laboratory research and also suitable for production processing with low requirements.

Description

Utilize cladding powder in laser melting coating, to improve the method for 42CrMo steel microhardness
The present patent application is female case application " simple and easy iron based laser cladding powder and cladding layer preparation method's " divisionApplication, the application number of female case application is 2013103355538, the applying date of female case application is 2013 8The moon 1.
Technical field
The present invention relates to laser cladding of material field, more particularly, relate to a kind of easy iron based laser cladding powderMaterial and cladding layer preparation method.
Background technology
Laser melting and coating technique is the important component part in Laser Surface Modification Technology, owing to can significantly improving the resistance to of materialMill property, corrosion resistance, heat resistance and some electric properties are rapidly developed in production application. But current employingLaser cladding powder be on the one hand Ni-based, iron-based, the cobalt-based self-fluxing alloyed powder of continuing to use thermal spraying material; The opposing partyFace is exactly hardness and the wearability of adding the ceramic materials such as WC, TiC, SiC and improve cladding layer in alloy powder, but itsCrack sensitivity also can increase. Therefore, research has the laser of the combination properties such as excellent abrasive resistance, corrosion resistance and heat resistanceCladding powder, for the reparation of machine components damageable zone, obtains wear-resisting, anticorrosion layer, can greatly extend machinery equipmentService life, not only can enhance productivity, can also overcome at the conventional surface such as built-up welding, thermal spraying treatment technologyIn the large and low problem of bond strength of ubiquitous workpiece deformation, there is huge development potentiality. Due to heat inputLow, workpiece deformation is little, crystal grain is tiny and intensity, hardness advantages of higher, and can significantly improve material wearability,Corrosion resistance, heat resistance and some electric properties are rapidly developed in production application. But the laser of current employingCladding powder is to continue to use the self-fluxing alloy powder used for hot spraying that contains boron and silicon on the one hand, and its weak point is the overwhelming majorityIn self-fluxing alloy powder, the content of boron and silicon is higher, because cooling velocity in laser cladding process is fast, some is mingled with as boronSilicate cannot be smoothly from emersion in the molten bath of rapid solidification, cause laser cladding layer cracking sensitivity larger; On the other handBe to adopt the special powder that contains three or four kinds of elements, be difficult for obtaining good combination property.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, improve to separate for existing laser cladding powder powder materialThe above-mentioned technical problem of determining.
Technical purpose of the present invention is achieved by following technical proposals:
Simple and easy iron based laser cladding dusty material, according to mass percent (being that each component sum is 100%) by following groupBe grouped into: Cr is that 20~22%, Ni is that 10~11%, Al is 9.5~10.5%, CeO2Be that 1~1.5%, Fe is surplus.
Being preferably as follows component and content: Cr is that 21~22%, Ni is that 10~11%, Al is 10~10.5%, CeO2Be 1~1.2%, Fe is surplus.
In above-mentioned simple and easy iron based laser cladding powder, select each component to be purity and be more than or equal to 99% powder, grainFootpath is 100-500 orders, preferably 200-300 orders, i.e. chromium powder, nickel powder, aluminium powder, ceria, iron powder.
In technical scheme of the present invention, Cr and Ni are main alloying element, and wherein Cr is mainly used in improving quenching degree,Produce solution strengthening, promote the formation of M, in the design of High-alloy Ultra-high Strength Steel, Cr has the post-curing of promotion effect(replace Mo2Mo in C forms (Mo, Cr)2C), form the precipitated phase of small and dispersed, improve hardness and tensile yieldIntensity; Ni is mainly used in improving wetability and improves cladding layer capability. The Al adding is mainly used in substituting B and Si comesDeoxidation, can also carry heavy alloyed high-temp plastic, reduces the shrinkage factor of cladding layer, thereby can obtain not melting containing crackleCoating. In addition, add a certain amount of CeO2, can purify crystal boundary on the one hand, further reduce its objectionable impuritiesContent; On the other hand, rare earth itself, as a kind of active material, can reduce grain boundary interfaces tension force, thereby reduces crystalline substanceThe driving force that grain length is large, has suppressed the tendency of grain growth, and meanwhile, the rare earth compound of formation is in one time of crystallizationAlso can be used as forming core core, increase forming core number, thus crystal grain thinning, hardness and the wearability of raising cladding layer.
In the time being prepared, accurately weigh after the quality of each component, carried out fully mixing with evenly, for exampleAdopt electronic scale to take after the powder of various elements, in mortar, mechanical lapping mixes it half an hour.
Utilize simple and easy iron based laser cladding power applications of the present invention in laser melting coating welding, by simple and easy iron based laser claddingPowder and ethanol are evenly coated in substrate material surface after mixing, and can obtain cladding layer after air-dry by laser melting coating.
The pure absolute ethyl alcohol of wherein said ethanol Analysis about Selection; In simple and easy iron based laser cladding powder and alcohol mixture,Formed by 92~95% simple laser cladding powder and 5~8% ethanol according to mass percent.
After simple and easy iron based laser cladding powder and ethanol mixing, form pasty state or paste, so that at substrate material surfaceApply, after applying, form preformed layer, described preformed layer thickness is 1-2mm.
In the time carrying out laser melting coating, selecting matrix material is 42CrMo steel, and Optimizing Process Parameters is: laser power is 1550~1650KW, spot diameter is 0.8-1mm, and sweep speed is 150-200mm/min, and defocusing amount is 0, and protective gas is adoptedWith argon gas, nitrogen or helium, gas flow is 20-25L/min; Preferably laser power is 1580~1620KW, lightSpot diameter is 0.8-1mm, and sweep speed is 180-200mm/min, and defocusing amount is 0, and protective gas adopts argon gas, gasBody flow is 22-25L/min.
Compared with prior art, tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) proposition of the invention, by substituting B adding of Al and Si carrys out deoxidation, can also reduce cladding layerShrinkage factor, thereby can obtain the cladding layer that there is no crackle.
(2) the present invention by adding suitable rare earth element ce O in laser cladding powder2, can crystal grain thinning, significantlyImprove hardness and the wearability of cladding layer.
(3) the present invention is as the easy iron based laser cladding of one dusty material, can be according to actual needs, then add oneCladding layer capability usually further improves in the fixed unit such as Co, Mo, Ti.
Detailed description of the invention
Further illustrate technical scheme of the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment, wherein use each medicine as shown in the table.
Nomenclature of drug Molecular formula Purity Specification Manufacturer
Iron powder Fe ≥99% Analyze pure Tianjin chemical reagent one factory
Chromium powder Cr ≥99% Analyze pure Tianjin recovery fine chemistry industry research institute
Nickel powder Ni ≥99.5% Analyze pure Tianmen, Hubei chemical reagent two factories
Aluminium powder Al ≥99% Analyze pure Tianjin Feng Chuan chemical reagent Co., Ltd
Ceria CeO2 ≥99.5% Analyze pure Shanghai brilliant pure reagent Co., Ltd
The chemical analysis of the matrix material 42CrMo steel using is as shown in the table
C Mn Si Cr Mo Ni Cu
0.38~0.45 0.50~0.80 0.17~0.37 0.90~1.20 0.15~0.25 ≤0.030 ≤0.030
According to the quality percentage composition of each component shown in following table, adopt electronic scale to take the powder (200 of various elementsOrder), pour mortar into, in mortar, grind and make half an hour it mix, obtain iron based laser cladding dusty material.
Numbering Cr Ni Al CeO2 Fe
Embodiment 1 20% 10% 10% 1% Surplus
Embodiment 2 20% 10% 10% 1.5% Surplus
Embodiment 3 21..2% 10.8% 9.8% 1.5% Surplus
Embodiment 4 22% 10.5% 10.2% 1.2% Surplus
Embodiment 5 20.5% 10.2% 10.5% 1% Surplus
Embodiment 6 20.5% 10.6% 9.5% 1.3% Surplus
Embodiment 7 21% 11% 9.5% 1% Surplus
Embodiment 8 21.5% 11% 10.5% 1.4% Surplus
The iron based laser cladding dusty material obtaining after respectively embodiment in above table 1-8 being mixed and analytically pure anhydrousAfter ethanol mixes, be coated in substrate material surface, can obtain cladding layer by laser melting coating after air-dry, pointDo not carry out laser melting coating according to following four groups of techniques, laser instrument adopts JK2003SM type Nd:YAG.
First group, simple and easy iron based laser cladding powder 92wt%, ethanol 8wt%, preformed layer thickness is 2mm, laser meritRate is 1650KW, and spot diameter is 1mm, and sweep speed is 200mm/min, and defocusing amount is 0, and protective gas adopts nitrogen,Gas flow 25L/min.
Second group, simple and easy iron based laser cladding powder 95wt%, ethanol 5wt%, preformed layer thickness is 1mm, laser meritRate is 1550KW, and spot diameter is 0.8mm, and sweep speed is 150mm/min, and defocusing amount is 0, and protective gas adopts argonGas, gas flow 20L/min.
The 3rd group, simple and easy iron based laser cladding powder 93wt%, ethanol 7wt%, preformed layer thickness is 1.5mm, laser meritRate is 1580KW, and spot diameter is 0.8mm, and sweep speed is 180mm/min, and defocusing amount is 0, and protective gas adopts heliumGas, gas flow 22L/min.
The 4th group, simple and easy iron based laser cladding powder 94wt%, ethanol 6wt%, preformed layer thickness is 1mm, laser meritRate is 1620KW, and spot diameter is 1mm, and sweep speed is 150mm/min, and defocusing amount is 0, and protective gas adopts argon gas,Gas flow 25L/min.
After laser melting coating, adopt EMS-2003+ Intelligent magnetic memory/eddy current/far-field eddy detector to detect, all do not findCrackle. Sample prepared by every group of technique carries out property detection, and gets the mean value of 8 embodiment, as every group of techniqueComparison other.
Adopt automatic turret digital display sclerometer to measure the microhardness of cladding layer, experimental result is as shown in the table
Hardness number 1 Hardness number 2 Hardness number 3 Hardness number 4 Average hardness
Mother metal 286HV 282HV 285HV 284HV 284HV
Cladding layer 852HV 861HV 882HV 870HV 866HV
Its wearability that adopted MM-200 type determination of wear testing machine, specimen size is 7 × 7 × 25mm, friction duty is for dryMill sliding friction, is loaded as 5kg, and rotating speed is 200r/min, and experimental period is 1h. And quality before and after measuring with electronic scale(before measuring, cleaning with ultrasonic washing instrument), experimental result is as shown in the table
First group Quality/g before wearing and tearing Quality/g after wearing and tearing Weightlessness/mg
Mother metal 9.0479 9.0008 47.1
Cladding layer 9.5480 9.54345 4.55
Second group Quality/g before wearing and tearing Quality/g after wearing and tearing Weightlessness/mg
Mother metal 9.0479 9.0008 47.1
Cladding layer 9.7521 9.7475 4.6
The 3rd group Quality/g before wearing and tearing Quality/g after wearing and tearing Weightlessness/mg
Mother metal 9.0479 9.0008 47.1
Cladding layer 9.5480 9.5432 4.8
The 4th group Quality/g before wearing and tearing Quality/g after wearing and tearing Weightlessness/mg
Mother metal 9.0479 9.0008 47.1
Cladding layer 9.5480 9.5438 4.2
Utilize iron based laser cladding powder of the present invention can effectively improve microhardness and wearability after laser melting coating as seenEnergy.
Above the present invention is done to exemplary description, should be noted that in the situation that not departing from core of the present invention,The replacement that is equal to that any simple distortion, amendment or other those skilled in the art can not spend creative work all fallsEnter protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. utilize cladding powder in laser melting coating, to improve the method for 42CrMo steel microhardness, it is characterized in that, will meltAfter whiting end and ethanol mixing, be evenly coated in matrix material 42CrMo steel surface, air-dry after by laser melting coatingObtain cladding layer; In cladding powder and alcohol mixture, according to mass percent by 92~95% cladding powder and 5~8% ethanol composition, cladding powder is made up of following component according to mass percent: Cr be 20~22%, Ni be 10~11%, Al is 9.5~10.5%, CeO2Be that 1~1.5%, Fe is surplus; In the time carrying out laser melting coating, technological parameter is:Laser power is 1550~1650KW, and spot diameter is 0.8-1mm, and sweep speed is 150-200mm/min, fromBurnt amount is 0, and protective gas adopts argon gas, nitrogen or helium, and gas flow is 20-25L/min.
2. the side that utilizes cladding powder to improve 42CrMo steel microhardness in laser melting coating according to claim 1Method, is characterized in that, it is that 21~22%, Ni is 10~11%, Al that cladding powder is preferably as follows component and content: CrBe 10~10.5%, CeO2Be that 1~1.2%, Fe is surplus.
3. the side that utilizes cladding powder to improve 42CrMo steel microhardness in laser melting coating according to claim 1Method, is characterized in that, selects each component to be purity and be more than or equal to 99% powder in cladding powder, and particle diameter is100-500 orders, preferably 200-300 orders.
4. the side that utilizes cladding powder to improve 42CrMo steel microhardness in laser melting coating according to claim 1Method, is characterized in that, the pure absolute ethyl alcohol of described ethanol Analysis about Selection.
5. the side that utilizes cladding powder to improve 42CrMo steel microhardness in laser melting coating according to claim 1Method, is characterized in that,, after cladding powder and ethanol mixing, form pasty state or paste, so that at matrix material tableFace applies, and after applying, forms preformed layer, and described preformed layer thickness is 1-2mm.
6. the side that utilizes cladding powder to improve 42CrMo steel microhardness in laser melting coating according to claim 1Method, is characterized in that, in the time carrying out laser melting coating, optimal process parameter is: laser power is 1580~1620KW,Spot diameter is 0.8-1mm, and sweep speed is 180-200mm/min, and defocusing amount is 0, and protective gas adopts argon gas,Gas flow is 22-25L/min.
CN201610044447.8A 2013-08-01 2013-08-01 The method for improving 42CrMo steel microhardnesses in laser melting coating using cladding powder Expired - Fee Related CN105603418B (en)

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CN106399900A (en) * 2016-11-18 2017-02-15 无锡明盛纺织机械有限公司 Method for spraying aluminum alloy with Si-Cr-B-W-Al wear-resisting coating through high velocity oxy fuel
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CN106350816A (en) * 2016-11-18 2017-01-25 无锡明盛纺织机械有限公司 Method for laser cladding Si-Cr-B-W-Al wear-resistant coating on aluminum alloy
CN106399900A (en) * 2016-11-18 2017-02-15 无锡明盛纺织机械有限公司 Method for spraying aluminum alloy with Si-Cr-B-W-Al wear-resisting coating through high velocity oxy fuel
CN107794527A (en) * 2017-10-19 2018-03-13 江苏祥和电子科技有限公司 The reproducing method of high-strength die steel

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