CN105600354A - Automatic detection and adjustment device and method for preventing breakage and slippage of long-conveying-distance conveying belt - Google Patents
Automatic detection and adjustment device and method for preventing breakage and slippage of long-conveying-distance conveying belt Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an automatic detection and adjustment device and method for preventing breakage and slippage of a long-conveying-distance conveying belt. The device comprises a mechanical part and a measurement and control part, wherein the mechanical part comprises a conveying belt, a transmission system, a drive drum, a turnabout drum, a conveying belt tensioning mechanism, a supporting mechanism and an automatic tension adjustment device; the measurement and control part comprises a signal acquisition module and a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) automatic detection and control module; the signal acquisition module is used for acquiring data signals of a tension of a conveying belt, a speed of the conveying belt and a speed of the drive drum and conveying the data signals to the PLC automatic detection and control module; the PLC automatic detection and control module sends an instruction to the automatic tension adjusting device and a motor of the drive drum and adjusts the tension of the conveying belt and the speed of the drive drum respectively. According to the automatic detection and adjustment device and method, a relationship between slippage and breakage faults of a conveying belt of a belt conveyor is established, the variation of the tension of the conveying belt is detected while the slippage is detected, and therefore the breakage problem caused by excessive adjustment of a tension adjustment device is avoided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to engineering machinery field, be specifically related to a kind of anti-fracture automatic detection and adjustment device skidding of haul distance conveyer belt of growingAnd method, be mainly used in the tension force of the ribbon conveyer belt to long-distance transportation and automatic detection and the adjusting of the speed of service, realNow long haul distance ruptured belt and timely prevention and the adjustment of skidding.
Background technology
Ribbon conveyer is a kind of friction-driven machinery of transported material in a continuous manner. Mainly by frame, conveyer belt, carrying roller,The compositions such as head roll, bend pulley, tensioning apparatus, transmission system. Transmission system comprises head roll motor, and motor drivesHead roll rotates, and the frictional force driving conveying belt operation between head roll and conveyer belt, changes conveyer belt by bend pulleyTraffic direction. Ribbon conveyer can for horizontal transport or tilt transport, very easy to use, be therefore widely used withIn the cargo transfer process of modern various industrial enterprises.
Due to the variation of the material of belt conveyor load, easily there is showing of transport belt slippery and fracture in it in runningResemble, conveyer belt skid and tension variation when the work of fracture and conveyer belt has very large relation. Once occur skidding with rupturePhenomenon will be directly connected to production equipment and operating personnel's safety, therefore detects because weight of material changes the conveying causing in real timeThe variation of carrier state, realizes accordingly and automatically adjusts the normal work meaning of ribbon conveyer safety great to belt tension and speed.
The key of ribbon conveyer trouble free service is the frictional force between head roll and conveyer belt, and loaded material changes in weight willCan cause the variation of head roll and conveyer belt part frictional force, need to adjust it. In industry, the tension force of conveyer belt needsTo detect in real time adjustment, to adapt to the variation of belt conveyor load weight of material. The tension variation of conveyer belt not only can be ledCause the fault of skidding and rupturing, also affect the life-span that whole ribbon conveyer uses. Suitable tension force can reduce and skids and ruptureThe generation of fault, has also improved the efficiency of transhipment material, is of value to and extends ribbon conveyer service life.
At present the detection method of transport belt slippery and fracture is mainly contained: the velocity attitude detection method based on photoelectric encoder, logicalCross at ribbon conveyer different parts photoelectric encoder is installed, detect the travel line speed of conveyer belt, when conveyer belt linear speed being detectedWhile spending instantaneous changing, judge ruptured belt, the method is owing to not having in the linear velocity that detects head roll, so notCan judge exactly sipping fault, and the method will fracture occur at conveyer belt and time just work, at this moment ruptured beltThrough occurring, cannot play preventive effect.
Utility model patent " a kind of belt feeder skid alarm protecting apparatus ", application number 201320220850.3, proposed fromOn driving wheel, outside fixedly mounts two approach switchs that are parallel to each other on the support of 1cm, and detection driven pulley upper steel plate arrivesReal time, contrasts with setting-up time, judges whether belt feeder skids. This method is to a certain extent to belt feederSkid and played the effect detecting, but be only to stop belt feeder work detecting while skidding, and do not have real-time to belt feederAdjust, do not there is the function of automatic adjusting, and do not have the fracture to belt feeder simultaneously to detect.
In sum, present stage, long haul distance is carried with certain detection ruptured belt, the technology of skidding, but not by twoPerson connects, and the tension factor that causes ruptured belt and skid is not also accomplished to adaptive adjusting, lacks certainAbility to predict and in time adjustment capability, automaticity is not high. Therefore, the anti-fracture automatic detection and adjustment dress that skids of development conveyer beltPut and control method very necessary.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of anti-fracture automatic detection of skidding of haul distance conveyer belt of growingAdjusting device and method, by the real-time detection of the belt tension that approaches head roll end being obtained to the variation of belt tension,By the detection to conveyer belt speed and head roll rotating speed, contrast in real time the rotating speed of conveyer belt speed and head roll, sentence in timeWhether the variation of disconnected tension force has caused transport belt slippery, and carries out in time belt tension and head roll rotational speed regulation, has solvedBecause the transport belt slippery that the variation of transhipment material causes belt tension to change to be caused and the problem of fracture.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of anti-fracture automatic detection and adjustment device skidding of haul distance conveyer belt of growing, it comprises machineTool part and observing and controlling part;
Described mechanical part comprises conveyer belt, transmission system, head roll, bend pulley, conveying belt tensioning mechanism, support machineStructure and apparatus for automatically regulating tension;
Described conveyer belt is around between described head roll and described bend pulley, and described transmission system comprises head roll motor,Described head roll motor is connected with described head roll;
Described conveying belt tensioning mechanism comprises the first cylinder, second tin roller and the 3rd cylinder; Described the first cylinder and described second rollsCylinder is between described head roll and described bend pulley and be symmetric in the both sides of described the 3rd cylinder, and described first rollsThe outer side contacts of cylinder and described second tin roller and described conveyer belt, the interior side contacts of described the 3rd cylinder and described conveyer belt;
Described supporting mechanism comprises two the first bracing frames, two the second bracing frames, the first fixed axis, the second fixed axis, the 3rdFixed axis and gripper shoe, described the first cylinder and described second tin roller are enclosed within respectively described the first fixed axis and described the second fixed axisUpper, the two ends of described the first fixed axis are fixed in described gripper shoe by described the first bracing frame respectively, described the second fixed axisTwo ends be fixed in described gripper shoe by described the second bracing frame respectively;
Described apparatus for automatically regulating tension comprises servomotor, motor servo driver, reduction box and leading screw; Described the 3rd cylinderBe enclosed within on described the 3rd fixed axis, the two ends of described the 3rd fixed axis are connected with described servomotor by described leading screw respectively, instituteStating servomotor is connected with described motor servo driver and described reduction box;
Described observing and controlling part comprises that signal acquisition module and PLC automation detect control module; Described signal acquisition module is used for adoptingCollect the speed data signal of the speed of the tension force of described conveyer belt, described conveyer belt, described head roll, and by the data that gatherSignal flows to described PLC automation and detects control module;
Described PLC automation detects the control module signal that signal acquisition module transmits for receiving, described in conversion, computing,And send accordingly instruction give described apparatus for automatically regulating tension and described head roll motor, described apparatus for automatically regulating tension andDescribed head roll motor carries out respectively the adjustment of described belt tension and described head roll speed.
In such scheme, described signal acquisition module comprises tension force detecting sensor, rotary velocity sensor, photoelectric encoderAnd signal acquisition processing circuit;
Described tension force detecting sensor is arranged on described the first cylinder, for detection of the tension force of described conveyer belt;
Described rotary velocity sensor is arranged on described second tin roller, for detection of the speed of described conveyer belt;
Described photoelectric encoder is arranged on the inner side of described head roll, for detection of the speed of described head roll drive motors;
Described tension force detecting sensor, described rotary velocity sensor, described photoelectric encoder and signal acquisition processing circuit connectConnect, described signal acquisition processing circuit detects control module with described PLC automation and is connected; Described signal acquisition processing circuit is usedIn gathering tension force, the speed of described conveyer belt of described conveyer belt, the speed data signal of described head roll, and will gatherData-signal flows to described PLC automation and detects control module.
In such scheme, described PLC automation detects control module and comprises PLC and touch-screen, and described PLC is for receiving, turningThe signal change, signal acquisition processing circuit transmitting described in computing, and send accordingly instruction and automatically adjust dress to described tension forcePut and described transmission system, described apparatus for automatically regulating tension and described transmission system carry out respectively described belt tension and described inThe adjustment of head roll speed; Described touch-screen is for showing the normal work of belt tension, conveyer belt real-time speed and settingTension parameters.
In such scheme, described tension force detecting sensor is strain gauge pressure sensor.
The automatic detection and adjustment method of described automatic detection and adjustment device, comprises the following steps:
S1: before the work of long haul distance conveyer belt, start apparatus for automatically regulating tension, described in detecting by described tension force detecting sensorWhether the tension force of conveyer belt reaches working stamndard is applicable to starting, and described PLC controls described apparatus for automatically regulating tension by described conveyingThe tension adjustment of band is to entry condition;
S2: long haul distance conveyer belt is started working, and starts ribbon conveyer, transhipment material, detect in real time described conveyer belt tension force,The velocity of rotation v of described head roll1And the running speed v of described conveyer belt2, the data that also gather are delivered to described PLC;
S3: described PLC is by the velocity of rotation v of the described head roll gathering1And the running speed v of described conveyer belt2It is right to carry outRatio, when speed difference Δ v ≠ 0; Described PLC regulates the rotation of described head roll by head roll motor described in Frequency Converter ControlRotating speed v1, described PLC adopts closed loop control method, the speed difference Δ v after regulating is fed back to described PLC, by calculating placeReason is adjusted the velocity of rotation v of described head roll in real time1, until Δ v=0;
S4: in carrying out described step S3, described PLC is by FUZZY ALGORITHMS FOR CONTROL processing, and described PLC is through built-inFuzzy controller calculates the working tension that now conveyer belt needs after regulating, draw the silk of described apparatus for automatically regulating tensionThe distance that thick stick need to move, data are sent to described servo-driver by described PLC, controls described servomotor and drive described silkThick stick produces displacement, controls the tension force of described conveyer belt, thereby realize described defeated by adjusting the upper-lower position of described the 3rd cylinderSend the automatic adjustment of belt tension;
S5: detect in real time the tension force of described conveyer belt, make within the tension force of described conveyer belt maintains rated range;
S6: when the velocity of rotation v of described head roll being detected1And the running speed v of described conveyer belt2While equating, simultaneously described inTension force automatic detection device detects that the tension force of described conveyer belt is within normal range (NR), and described servomotor quits work.
In such scheme, described step S1 is specially: calculate described conveyer belt by the collection of described tension force detecting sensorTension force F;
The computing formula of the tension force F of described conveyer belt is:
F＝Eε·A
Wherein, the elasticity modulus of materials of the foil gauge that E is described strain gauge pressure sensor, the deformation quantity that ε is foil gauge, AFor lifting surface area.
Tension force contrast when the tension force of conveyer belt that collection is calculated and the conveyer belt best effort of setting, as difference exceeds setting modelEnclose, according to the required transmission of servomotor in apparatus for automatically regulating tension described in the gear ratio calculation of the size of difference and guiding mechanismThe number of turns and angle, belt tension F before working is regulated fast and reaches working stamndard.
In such scheme, described step S2 is specially: start ribbon conveyer, and transhipment material, described tension force detecting sensor,Described rotary velocity sensor and described photoelectric encoder are worked simultaneously, detect in real time described conveyer belt tension force F, described in driveThe velocity of rotation v of moving cylinder1And the running speed v of described conveyer belt2, the velocity of rotation v of wherein said head roll1By detectingThe revolution n of drive motors1Try to achieve, its formula is v1＝πdn1, the running speed v of described conveyer belt2By in detection time tUmber of pulse n2Try to achieve, its formula isX is the distance value of individual pulse representative; By gather signal through digital-to-analogueConverter is delivered to PLC after being converted to the discernible information of PLC.
In such scheme, described step S5 is specially:
Detect in real time the tension force of described conveyer belt by described tension force detecting sensor, in the required normal tension scope of conveyer belt workBasis on, calculate the tension force Δ F=F-F of required adjustment1Positive and negative relation and size, wherein F is that conveyer belt work is requiredNormal tension scope, F1The belt tension size arriving for actual acquisition, judgement | Δ F| whether in conveyer belt normal range of operation,To exceed the required tension force of the normal work of conveyer belt when determining belt tension, by signal by fuzzy controller placeReason, calculates the number of turns n of the required rotation of described servomotor, and its relation formula is:
Wherein n is the required rotation number of turns of servomotor, the gearratio that i is reduction box, and Δ θ is the displacement that leading screw need to move;
The adjusting of carrying out belt tension makes within described belt tension F maintains rated range, to avoid in tension adjustment stagesThere is ruptured belt phenomenon.
The present invention has the following advantages: the present invention is by passing belt tension detecting sensor module, the rotary speed of conveyer beltSensor and described apparatus for automatically regulating tension are designed to an entirety, simultaneously in conjunction with head roll motor speed adjustment module, will growSkidding of haul distance conveyer belt set up and contacted with fracture defect, detects the variation that detects belt tension when skidding, beats in processingWhen sliding fault, belt tension is also detected in real time to the breakage problem of avoiding tension adjusting device accommodative excess to cause; To carryThe tension force reference value of band is set in best effort tension range, and the speed by head roll and conveyer belt detects, conveyer beltThe multi-faceted detections such as tension force detection, exceed this scope and allow apparatus for automatically regulating tension work when detecting belt tension, playThe effect of anticipation, avoids belt tension to reach peak load and causes the consequence that cannot reverse, and control module adopts fuzzySelf-adjusting control regulates belt tension automatically, improve that belt tension adjusts real-time and accuracy, adjust fastSpeed automaticity is high, and the fracture to conveyer and skidding have accomplished that prevention is adjusted timely.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the main schematic diagram of mechanical part structure of the anti-fracture automatic detection and adjustment device that skids of the long haul distance conveyer belt of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the mechanical part partial schematic diagram of the anti-fracture automatic detection and adjustment device that skids of the long haul distance conveyer belt of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the observing and controlling part composition structural representation of the anti-fracture automatic detection and adjustment device that skids of the long haul distance conveyer belt of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the anti-fracture automatic detection and adjustment method flow that skids of the long haul distance conveyer belt of the present invention.
In figure, 1, conveyer belt; 2, head roll; 3, bend pulley; 4, the first cylinder; 5, second tin roller; 6, the 3rdCylinder; 7, the first bracing frame; 8, the second bracing frame; 9, the first fixed axis; 10, the second fixed axis; 11, the 3rd is fixingAxle; 12, gripper shoe; 13, servomotor; 14, leading screw; 15, tension force detecting sensor; 16, rotary velocity sensor;17, photoelectric encoder; 18, the first nut; 19, the second nut; 20, screw.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited toThis.
Fig. 1 and the one enforcement side that Figure 2 shows that the anti-fracture automatic detection and adjustment device that skids of long haul distance conveyer belt of the present inventionFormula, the anti-fracture automatic detection and adjustment device that skids of described long haul distance conveyer belt comprises mechanical part and observing and controlling part.
Described mechanical part comprises conveyer belt 1, transmission system, head roll 2, bend pulley 3, conveying belt tensioning mechanism, props upSupport mechanism and apparatus for automatically regulating tension; Described conveyer belt 1 is around between described head roll 2 and described bend pulley 3, instituteState transmission system and comprise head roll motor, described head roll motor is connected with described head roll 2, described in driving, drivesThe rotation of moving cylinder 2.
Described conveying belt tensioning mechanism comprises the first cylinder 4, second tin roller 5 and the 3rd cylinder 6. Described the first cylinder 4 and instituteState second tin roller 5 between described head roll 2 and described bend pulley 3 and be symmetric at described the 3rd cylinder 6Both sides, the outer side contacts of described the first cylinder 4 and described second tin roller 5 and described conveyer belt 1, described the 3rd cylinder 6 and instituteState the interior side contacts of conveyer belt 1, make conveyer belt 1 have certain initial tension force.
Described supporting mechanism comprises two the first bracing frames 7, two the second bracing frames 8, the first fixed axis 9, the second fixed axis10, the 3rd fixed axis 11 and gripper shoe 12, described the first cylinder 4 and described second tin roller 5 are enclosed within respectively described first and fixOn axle 9 and described the second fixed axis 10, the two ends of described the first fixed axis 9 are fixed on by described the first bracing frame 7 respectivelyIn described gripper shoe 12, the two ends of described the second fixed axis 10 are fixed on described gripper shoe by described the second bracing frame 8 respectivelyOn 12.
Described apparatus for automatically regulating tension comprises servomotor 13, motor servo driver, reduction box and leading screw; The described the 3rd rollsCylinder 6 length and described conveyer belt 1 must width identical, described the 3rd cylinder 6 is enclosed within on described the 3rd fixed axis 11, instituteThe two ends of stating the 3rd fixed axis 11 are respectively by being connected of the first nut 18 and the second nut 19 and two described leading screws 14, and twoThe connected mode of individual leading screw 14 is identical, and two described leading screws 14 connect a described servomotor 13 by screw 20 respectively,Described servomotor 13 is connected with described motor servo driver and described reduction box. By the rotation band of described servomotor 13Moving described leading screw 14 rotates, and described the first nut 18 and described the second nut 19 are moved up and down, and the leading screw 14 on both sides is with phaseWith mode move, thereby described the 3rd fixed axis 11 is moved up and down, described in driving described the 3rd cylinder 6 to move up and down to makeThe tension force of described conveyer belt 1 is tightened or loosened to control to conveyer belt 1, realizes the self-adjusting function of described conveyer belt 1 tension force.
As shown in Figure 3, described observing and controlling part comprises that signal acquisition module and PLC automation detect control module; Described signal is adoptedCollection module comprises tension force detecting sensor 15, rotary velocity sensor 16, photoelectric encoder 17 and signal acquisition processing circuit.
Described tension force detecting sensor 15 is arranged on described the first cylinder 4, for detection of the tension force of described conveyer belt 1; DescribedTension force detecting sensor 15 is strain gauge pressure sensor, and foil gauge is arranged on described the first fixed axis 9, by its detectionPart is laid near described conveyer belt 1 outside, the real-time detection institute of deformation quantity that causes foil gauge by responding to described conveyer belt 1State the tension force F of conveyer belt 1, the tension adjustment control module that the tension signal detecting is real-time transmitted in described PLC is carried outContrast is processed.
Described rotary velocity sensor 16 is arranged on described second tin roller 5, for detection of the speed of described conveyer belt 1,Drive described rotary velocity sensor 16 to rotate by described conveyer belt 1, send out a series of pulse, each pulse generationShow certain distance value, the speed of the described conveyer belt 1 of real-time detection.
Described photoelectric encoder 17 is arranged on the inner side of described head roll 2, for detection of the revolution of head roll drive motorsn1。
Described tension force detecting sensor 15 contacts with the parallel and described conveyer belt 1 of described rotary velocity sensor 16.
Described tension force detecting sensor 15, described rotary velocity sensor 16, described photoelectric encoder 17 and signals collecting placeReason circuit connects, and described signal acquisition processing circuit detects control module with described PLC automation and is connected, described signals collecting mouldPiece is used for gathering the data-signal of belt tension, conveyer belt speed, head roll speed, and the data-signal gathering is carriedDetect control module to described PLC automation.
Described PLC automation detects control module and comprises PLC and touch-screen, and described PLC comprises Fuzzy PID Control System, instituteState the PLC signal that signal acquisition processing circuit transmits for receiving, described in conversion, computing, and send accordingly instruction toDescribed apparatus for automatically regulating tension and described transmission system, described apparatus for automatically regulating tension and head roll motor speed regulate mouldPiece carries out respectively the adjustment of described belt tension and described head roll speed; Described head roll motor speed adjustment module bagDraw together frequency converter and described head roll motor; Described touch-screen is for showing belt tension, conveyer belt real-time speed and settingNormal working tension parameter.
The present invention gathers the tension information of described conveyer belt 1 by described tension force detecting sensor 15, by described rotary speedSensor 16 gathers the velocity information of described conveyer belt 1, gathers the speed of described head roll 2 by described photoelectric encoder 17Degree information, the information exchange of these collections is crossed described signal acquisition processing circuit and is flowed to PLC, through conversion, calculating, contrast placeAfter reason, obtain the speed of described conveyer belt 1 and described head roll 2, control described apparatus for automatically regulating tension by judgement and carry outThe tension adjustment of described conveyer belt 1, is detected and avoids conveyer belt accommodative excess to cause fracture in real time by tension force simultaneously.
The automatic detection and adjustment method of the anti-fracture automatic detection and adjustment device that skids of long haul distance conveyer belt of the present invention: will examine in real timeThe tension force of described conveyer belt 1 of surveying and the contrast of the optimum tension of real work, process by FUZZY ALGORITHMS FOR CONTROL, carries out instituteState servomotor 13 torque regulation and control, by controlling described apparatus for automatically regulating tension, described the 3rd fixed axis 11 moved up and down,Make described conveyer belt 1 tighten or loosen, thereby change the tension force of described conveyer belt 1, it is got back in normal range of operation. WithThe speeds match of conveyer belt 1 and described head roll 2 described in Shi Jinhang, judges that the speed of described conveyer belt 1 and described driving rollWhether the rotating speed of cylinder 2 is identical, as deviation appears in both speed, detects and described head roll by described conveyer belt 1 tension force2 speed detect judgement and occur the reason of velocity deviation, then roll 2 speed by described conveyer belt 1 tension adjustment and described drivingRegulate, eliminate the speed difference of described conveyer belt 1 and described head roll 2, solve the problem of skidding.
Be illustrated in figure 4 the automatic detection and adjustment side of the anti-fracture automatic detection and adjustment device that skids of long haul distance conveyer belt of the present inventionMethod flow process: before ribbon conveyer work, detect the tension force of described conveyer belt 1 by described tension force detecting sensor, given oneIndividual initial working tension. In ribbon conveyer work, because the weight of loaded material can change, change the shape of conveyer beltState, detects the speed of described head roll 2 and described conveyer belt 1 in real time, judges whether to have occurred skidding, when occurring beatingSliding phenomenon, controls described servomotor 13 by processing in time and makes described leading screw 14 move certain displacement, in solution work in timeTransport belt slippery problem, detect the tension force of described conveyer belt 1 simultaneously in real time, avoid accommodative excess or goods overheap to causeRuptured belt. Whole system has realized the function of conveyer belt anti-slip fracture. Described automatic detection and adjustment method comprises following stepRapid:
S1: before the work of long haul distance conveyer belt, described apparatus for automatically regulating tension is arranged on to band according to the schematic diagram of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2Under formula conveyer, start apparatus for automatically regulating tension, whether the tension force that detects described conveyer belt 1 reaches working stamndard is applicable to starting,Described PLC controls described apparatus for automatically regulating tension the tension force F of described conveyer belt 1 is adjusted to after entry condition, stops tension forceAutomatically adjust, concrete steps are: the tension force F that calculates described conveyer belt 1 by the collection of described tension force detecting sensor;
The computing formula of the tension force F of described conveyer belt 1 is:
F＝Eε·A
Wherein, E is the elasticity modulus of materials of tension force detecting sensor 15 foil gauges, the deformation quantity that ε is foil gauge, and A is stressedArea;
Tension force contrast when the tension force of described conveyer belt 1 that described PLC calculates collection and the conveyer belt best effort of setting, as poorValue exceeds setting range, according to the servo electricity of apparatus for automatically regulating tension described in the gear ratio calculation of the size of difference and guiding mechanismThe number of turns and the angle of machine 13 required transmissions, regulate fast and reach working stamndard belt tension F before working.
S2: long haul distance conveyer belt is started working, and starts ribbon conveyer, transhipment material, detects opening of described conveyer belt 1 in real timeThe velocity of rotation v of power F, described head roll 21And the running speed v of described conveyer belt 12, the signal of collection is turned through digital-to-analogueParallel operation is delivered to PLC after being converted to the discernible information of PLC, and concrete steps are: described tension force detecting sensor, described photoelectricityEncoder and described rotary velocity sensor are worked simultaneously, detect in real time the tension force F of described conveyer belt 1, described head roll2 velocity of rotation v1And the running speed v of described conveyer belt 12, the velocity of rotation v of wherein said head roll 21By detectingThe revolution n of described head roll motor1Try to achieve, its formula is v1＝πdn1, the running speed v of described conveyer belt 12By inspectionUmber of pulse n in survey time t2Try to achieve, its formula isX is the distance value of individual pulse representative; By what gatherSignal is delivered to PLC after digital to analog converter is converted to the discernible information of PLC.
S3: described PLC is by the velocity of rotation v of the described head roll 2 gathering1And the running speed v of described conveyer belt 12Carry outContrast, the poor Δ v=v of computational speed1-v2, as speed difference Δ v ≠ 0, i.e. v1≠v2, illustrate that conveyer belt has occurred to skid;
Now, obtain the rate signal of current described head roll 2, the signal collecting is processed, described PLC passes throughDescribed in described Frequency Converter Control, head roll motor regulates the rotational speed v of described head roll 21, and in whole adjustment process,The velocity of rotation v of head roll 2 described in Real-time Collection1Running speed v with described conveyer belt 12; Described PLC adopts closed loop controlMethod processed, feeds back to described PLC by the speed difference Δ v after regulating, and adjusts in real time the rotation of described head roll by computingSpeed v1, until Δ v=0.
S4: in carrying out described step S3, described PLC is by FUZZY ALGORITHMS FOR CONTROL processing, and described PLC is through built-in mouldStick with paste after PID controller 1 regulates and calculate the working tension that now conveyer belt needs, draw the silk of described apparatus for automatically regulating tensionThick stick 14 needs mobile distance, and data are sent to described servo-driver by described PLC, controls described servomotor 13 and driveDescribed leading screw 14 produces displacement, controls the tension force of described conveyer belt 1 by adjusting the upper-lower position of described the 3rd cylinder 6,Thereby realize the automatic adjustment of belt tension;
By the velocity of rotation v of the tension force F to described conveyer belt 1 and described head roll 21Adjustment carry out simultaneously, solve defeatedSend the problem that changes the transport belt slippery causing in tape running process due to weight of material.
S5: in whole adjustment process, detect in real time the tension force of described conveyer belt 1 by described tension force detecting sensor, defeatedSend on the basis with the required normal tension scope of work, calculate the tension force Δ F=F-F of required adjustment1Positive and negative relation and largeLittle, wherein F is the required normal tension scope of conveyer belt work, F1For the belt tension size that actual acquisition arrives, judgement | Δ F|Whether, in conveyer belt normal range of operation, will exceed the required tension force of the normal work of conveyer belt when determining belt tension, willSignal is processed by fuzzy controller 2, calculates the number of turns n of the required rotation of tension adjustment motor, and its relation formula is:
Wherein n is the required rotation number of turns of described servomotor 13, the gearratio that i is described reduction box, and Δ θ is described leading screw 14Need mobile displacement,
The adjusting of carrying out belt tension makes within described belt tension F maintains rated range, to avoid in tension adjustment stagesThere is ruptured belt phenomenon.
S6: when the velocity of rotation v of described head roll 2 being detected1And the running speed v of described conveyer belt 12While equating, simultaneouslyDescribed tension force automatic detection device detects that described belt tension F is within normal range (NR), and described servomotor 13 stops workDo.
The present invention obtains the variation of described conveyer belt 1 tension force by the real-time detection of the tension force to described conveyer belt 1, by instituteState the speed of conveyer belt 1 and the detection of described head roll 2 rotating speeds, contrast in real time speed and the described driving of described conveyer belt 1The rotating speed of cylinder 2, judges whether the variation of tension force has caused transport belt slippery in time, and carries out in time described conveyer belt 1 tension forceWith described head roll 2 rotational speed regulation, solved because the variation of transhipment material causes belt tension to change cause defeatedThe problem of sending band to skid and rupture.
Described embodiment is preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, is not deviating from thisIn the situation of essence of an invention content, any apparent improvement, replacement or modification that those skilled in the art can make are equalBelong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the anti-fracture automatic detection and adjustment device skidding of long haul distance conveyer belt, is characterized in that, comprise mechanical part andObserving and controlling part;
Described mechanical part comprises conveyer belt (1), transmission system, head roll (2), bend pulley (3), conveying belt tensionMechanism, supporting mechanism and apparatus for automatically regulating tension;
Described conveyer belt (1) is around between described head roll (2) and described bend pulley (3), and described transmission system comprisesHead roll motor, described head roll motor is connected with described head roll (2);
Described conveying belt tensioning mechanism comprises the first cylinder (4), second tin roller (5) and the 3rd cylinder (6); Described the first cylinder(4) and described second tin roller (5) be positioned between described head roll (2) and described bend pulley (3) and be symmetricIn the both sides of described the 3rd cylinder (6), described the first cylinder (4) and described second tin roller (5) and described conveyer belt (1)Outer side contacts, the interior side contacts of described the 3rd cylinder (6) and described conveyer belt (1);
Described supporting mechanism comprises two the first bracing frames (7), two the second bracing frames (8), the first fixed axis (9), secondFixed axis (10), the 3rd fixed axis (11) and gripper shoe (12), described the first cylinder (4) and described second tin roller (5)Be enclosed within respectively described the first fixed axis (9) and described the second fixed axis (10) upper, the two ends of described the first fixed axis (9) are dividedBe not fixed on described gripper shoe (12) by described the first bracing frame (7) upper, the two ends of described the second fixed axis (10) respectivelyBe fixed in described gripper shoe (12) by described the second bracing frame (8);
Described apparatus for automatically regulating tension comprises servomotor (13), motor servo driver, reduction box and leading screw (14); InstituteState the 3rd cylinder (6) and be enclosed within described the 3rd fixed axis (11) above, described in the two ends of described the 3rd fixed axis (11) are passed through respectivelyLeading screw (14) is connected with described servomotor (13), described servomotor (13) and described motor servo driver and described inReduction box connects;
Described observing and controlling part comprises that signal acquisition module and PLC automation detect control module; Described signal acquisition module is used for adoptingCollect the speed data signal of the tension force of described conveyer belt (1), the speed of described conveyer belt (1), described head roll (2),And the data-signal of collection is flowed to described PLC automation detection control module;
Described PLC automation detects the control module signal that signal acquisition module transmits for receiving, described in conversion, computing,And send accordingly instruction give described apparatus for automatically regulating tension and described head roll motor, described apparatus for automatically regulating tension andDescribed head roll motor carries out respectively the adjustment of described belt tension and described head roll speed.
2. the anti-fracture automatic detection and adjustment device skidding of long haul distance conveyer belt according to claim 1, is characterized in that,Described signal acquisition module comprises tension force detecting sensor (15), rotary velocity sensor (16), photoelectric encoder (17)And signal acquisition processing circuit;
It is upper that described tension force detecting sensor (15) is arranged on described the first cylinder (4), for detection of described conveyer belt (1)Tension force;
It is upper that described rotary velocity sensor (16) is arranged on described second tin roller (5), for detection of described conveyer belt (1)Speed;
Described photoelectric encoder (17) is arranged on the inner side of described head roll (2), drives electricity for detection of described head rollThe speed of machine;
Described tension force detecting sensor (15), described rotary velocity sensor (16), described photoelectric encoder (17) and letterNumber acquisition process circuit connects, and described signal acquisition processing circuit is connected with described PLC automation detection control module; Described letterNumber acquisition process circuit is used for gathering the tension force of described conveyer belt (1), the speed of described conveyer belt (1), described head roll(2) speed data signal, and the data-signal of collection is flowed to described PLC automation detection control module.
3. the anti-fracture automatic detection and adjustment device skidding of long haul distance conveyer belt according to claim 1, is characterized in that,Described PLC automation detects control module and comprises PLC and touch-screen, and described PLC is for described in reception, conversion, computingThe signal that signal acquisition processing circuit transmits, and send accordingly instruction to described apparatus for automatically regulating tension and described transmission system,Described apparatus for automatically regulating tension and described transmission system are carried out respectively the tune of described belt tension and described head roll speedWhole; Described touch-screen is for showing the normal working tension parameter of belt tension, conveyer belt real-time speed and setting.
4. the anti-fracture automatic detection and adjustment device skidding of long haul distance conveyer belt according to claim 2, is characterized in that,Described tension force detecting sensor (15) is strain gauge pressure sensor.
5. an automatic detection and adjustment method for automatic detection and adjustment device claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, comprise withLower step:
S1: before the work of long haul distance conveyer belt, start apparatus for automatically regulating tension, examine by described tension force detecting sensor (15)Whether the tension force of surveying described conveyer belt (1) reaches working stamndard is applicable to starting, and described PLC controls described tension force and automatically adjusts dressPut the tension adjustment of described conveyer belt (1) to entry condition;
S2: long haul distance conveyer belt is started working, and starts ribbon conveyer, transhipment material, detects described conveyer belt (1) in real timeThe velocity of rotation v of tension force, described head roll (2)1And the running speed v of described conveyer belt (1)2, by the data that also gatherBe delivered to described PLC;
S3: described PLC is by the velocity of rotation v of the described head roll (2) gathering1And the running speed of described conveyer belt (1)v2Contrast, when speed difference Δ v ≠ 0; Described PLC regulates described driving to roll by head roll motor described in Frequency Converter ControlThe rotational speed v of cylinder (2)1, described PLC adopts closed loop control method, and the speed difference Δ v after regulating is fed back to described PLC,Adjust in real time the velocity of rotation v of described head roll (2) by computing1, until Δ v=0;
S4: in carrying out described step S3, described PLC is by FUZZY ALGORITHMS FOR CONTROL processing, and described PLC is through built-inFuzzy controller calculates the working tension that now conveyer belt needs after regulating, draw the silk of described apparatus for automatically regulating tensionThick stick (14) needs mobile distance, and data are sent to described servo-driver by described PLC, controls described servomotor (13)Drive described leading screw (14) to produce displacement, control described conveyer belt (1) by adjusting the upper-lower position of described the 3rd cylinder (6)Tension force, thereby realize the automatic adjustment of described conveyer belt (1) tension force;
S5: detect in real time the tension force of described conveyer belt (1), make within the tension force of described conveyer belt (1) maintains rated range;
S6: when detect described driving roll (2) cylinder velocity of rotation v1And the running speed v of described conveyer belt (1)2While equating,The tension force that described tension force automatic detection device detects described conveyer belt (1) is simultaneously within normal range (NR), and described servomotor stopsOnly work.
6. automatic detection and adjustment method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described step S1 is specially: pass throughDescribed tension force detecting sensor (15) collection calculates the tension force F of described conveyer belt (1);
The computing formula of the tension force F of described conveyer belt (1) is:
F＝Eε·A
Wherein, the elasticity modulus of materials of the foil gauge that E is described strain gauge pressure sensor, the deformation quantity that ε is foil gauge, AFor lifting surface area.
Tension force contrast when the tension force of conveyer belt that collection is calculated and the conveyer belt best effort of setting, as difference exceeds setting range,According to the circle of the required transmission of servomotor in apparatus for automatically regulating tension described in the gear ratio calculation of the size of difference and guiding mechanismNumber and angle, regulate fast and reach working stamndard belt tension F before working.
7. automatic detection and adjustment method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described step S2 is specially: startRibbon conveyer, transhipment material, described tension force detecting sensor (15), described rotary velocity sensor (16) and described lightPhotoelectric coder (17) is worked simultaneously, detects in real time the rotation of the tension force F of described conveyer belt (1), described head roll (2)Speed v1And the running speed v of described conveyer belt (1)2, the velocity of rotation v of wherein said head roll (2)1Drive by detectionThe revolution n of moving motor1Try to achieve, its formula is v1＝πdn1, the running speed v of described conveyer belt (1)2By t detection timeInterior umber of pulse n2Try to achieve, its formula isX is the distance value of individual pulse representative; By gather signal through numberWeighted-voltage D/A converter is delivered to PLC after being converted to the discernible information of PLC.
8. automatic detection and adjustment method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described step S5 is specially:
Detect in real time the tension force of described conveyer belt (1) by described tension force detecting sensor (15), just required in conveyer belt workOn the basis of normal tension range, calculate the tension force Δ F=F-F of required adjustment1Positive and negative relation and size, wherein F for carryThe required normal tension scope of band work, F1For the belt tension size that actual acquisition arrives, judgement | whether Δ F| is normal at conveyer beltIn working range, will exceed the required tension force of the normal work of conveyer belt when determining belt tension, signal be passed through to fuzzyController is processed, and calculates the number of turns n of the required rotation of described servomotor (13), and its relation formula is:
Wherein n is the required rotation number of turns of servomotor, the gearratio that i is reduction box, and Δ θ is the displacement that leading screw need to move;
The adjusting of carrying out belt tension makes within described belt tension F maintains rated range, to avoid in tension adjustment stagesThere is ruptured belt phenomenon.
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