CN105599217A - 使用热塑性弹性体材料现场注射成型的紧固件帽密封件 - Google Patents

使用热塑性弹性体材料现场注射成型的紧固件帽密封件 Download PDF

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CN105599217A
CN105599217A CN201510612168.2A CN201510612168A CN105599217A CN 105599217 A CN105599217 A CN 105599217A CN 201510612168 A CN201510612168 A CN 201510612168A CN 105599217 A CN105599217 A CN 105599217A
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mould
securing member
moulding material
cap
cavity
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CN105599217B (zh
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宋伟东
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Boeing Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14819—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles the inserts being completely encapsulated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14336—Coating a portion of the article, e.g. the edge of the article
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C17/00—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces
    • B05C17/005—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes
    • B05C17/00503—Details of the outlet element
    • B05C17/00516—Shape or geometry of the outlet orifice or the outlet element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/03—Injection moulding apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/26—Moulds
    • B29C45/2602—Mould construction elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B37/00—Nuts or like thread-engaging members
    • F16B37/14—Cap nuts; Nut caps or bolt caps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B39/00—Locking of screws, bolts or nuts
    • F16B39/02—Locking of screws, bolts or nuts in which the locking takes place after screwing down
    • F16B39/021—Locking of screws, bolts or nuts in which the locking takes place after screwing down by injecting a settable material after the screwing down
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C33/38—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor characterised by the material or the manufacturing process
    • B29C33/40—Plastics, e.g. foam or rubber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C33/56—Coatings, e.g. enameled or galvanised; Releasing, lubricating or separating agents
    • B29C33/60—Releasing, lubricating or separating agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/03—Injection moulding apparatus
    • B29C45/036—Injection pistols
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14467—Joining articles or parts of a single article
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14639—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles for obtaining an insulating effect, e.g. for electrical components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2021/00—Use of unspecified rubbers as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2021/00—Use of unspecified rubbers as moulding material
    • B29K2021/003—Thermoplastic elastomers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2021/00—Use of unspecified rubbers as moulding material
    • B29K2021/006—Thermosetting elastomers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2827/00—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as mould material
    • B29K2827/12—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as mould material containing fluorine
    • B29K2827/18—PTFE, i.e. polytetrafluorethene, e.g. ePTFE, i.e. expanded polytetrafluorethene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2905/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, as mould material
    • B29K2905/08—Transition metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3076—Aircrafts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D45/00—Aircraft indicators or protectors not otherwise provided for
    • B64D45/02—Lightning protectors; Static dischargers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B33/00—Features common to bolt and nut
    • F16B33/004—Sealing; Insulation

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种使用热塑性弹性体材料现场注射成型的紧固件帽密封件。一种用于密封紧固件的方法采用了模具，所述模具设置有用于成型材料的进口端口。然后将所述模具定位在紧固件上，并且将所述模具密封在一结构上。然后将成型材料注射到所述模具中。然后去除所述模具，以留下形成在所述紧固件上并且密封到所述结构的现场成型的帽。

Description

使用热塑性弹性体材料现场注射成型的紧固件帽密封件
技术领域
本公开的实施方式总体涉及用于机械紧固件的腐蚀及电磁效应(EME)防护，并且更具体地涉及使用热塑性弹性体(TPE)化合物在末端模具中的现场注射成型而直接成型到紧固件头上的帽密封件。
背景技术
飞行器和其它机械系统的构造需要用于结构性组件的大量紧固件。在很多情况下，被安装的紧固件的暴露部必须被保护防止腐蚀，以密封燃料阻隔件，或者设置有补充的电磁效应(EME)防护。在目前的复合材料飞行器结构中，单独的防护帽被成型然后利用密封粘合剂安装在锁定轴环或类似暴露元件上。这个过程耗时、成本密集并且需要多个检测点。
因此期望提供一种用于现场安装的紧固件的腐蚀及EME防护的方法。
发明内容
示例性实施方式提供了一种用于密封紧固件的方法，其中提供了模具，所述模具具有用于成型材料的进口端口。然后将所述模具定位在紧固件上，并且将所述模具密封在一结构上。然后将成型材料注射到所述模具中。然后去除所述模具，以留下形成在所述紧固件上并且密封到所述结构的现场成型的帽。
一种采用现场注射成型紧固件帽的方法的系统，其结合有模具，所述模具具有空腔，所述空腔被设定尺寸成接收在结构中的紧固件上。进口端口与所述空腔连通，以接收成型材料。所述模具上的圆周密封表面被设定尺寸成在所述结构的环绕所述紧固件的表面上提供密封圆周。注射系统通过所述进口端口提供成型材料。
附图说明
已经讨论的特征、功能和优点在本公开的各种实施方式中可以独立地实现，或者可在其它实施方式中组合，参考以下描述和附图可以看到进一步的细节。
图1是用于将现场成型的密封帽安装在复合多层结构中的已安装的紧固件上的模具和注射系统的截面图示；
图2是完成的已成型的密封帽的隐藏线图示；
图3A是在示例性实施方式中采用的模具的剖视上等距视图；
图3B是图3A的模具的下等距视图；
图4是提供模具定位的机器人系统的示意图；
图5是用于实施所公开的实施方式的方法的流程图；
图6是本实施方式可采用的飞行器生产及保养方法的流程图；以及
图7是采用实施方式的飞行器的框图。
具体实施方式
本文中描述的实施方式和方法提供了一种用于紧固件的腐蚀及EME防护的密封帽，当安装在具有模具的结构中(在本文中限定为“现场”)时，该密封帽直接创建在暴露的紧固件元件上，该模具施加到暴露的紧固件上并且密封到环绕着紧固件的表面。采用注射系统来为模具填充成型材料，以创建密封帽。参照附图，图1示出了具有孔12的层状复合结构10，紧固件14穿过孔12安装。针对示出的特定实施方式，紧固件具有：紧固端16，紧固端16具有轴环18，轴环18接合结构10的表面20；以及头22，头22接合相对的表面24。模具26具有空腔27，空腔27被设定尺寸成接收在紧固端16和轴环18上并且在环绕轴环的表面20上提供由直径28表示的密封圆周。注射系统30可以是诸如热熔枪的手持式枪、手持式螺钉驱动注射系统或在示例性实施方式中用于手持操作的类似装置，注射系统30附接至模具中的进口端口32，用于将塑性状态下的成型材料注射到模具26中。
将诸如TPE的成型材料注射到模具26中，接着从表面20去除模具，留下如图2中看到的现场成型的帽34。帽34被密封到在密封圆周内的表面20，并且为紧固端16和轴环18提供腐蚀及EME防护。
成型的密封帽34的示例性实施方式采用TPE材料，诸如购自DuPont的热塑性聚醚酯嵌段共聚物、购自Daikin的DAI-ELTM热塑性T-530热塑性含氟弹性体以及购自Kraiburg的可采用对喷气燃料以及其它液压流体展现良好耐受性，具有良好低温性能(低玻璃化转变点)、低熔点和至底漆的良好粘着性的可比制剂。在另选实施方式中，可采用聚砜(PSU)、聚苯砜(PPSU)或热固性弹性体，所述热固性弹性体诸如三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)、氟橡胶(FKM)、氯丁橡胶(CR)、丁腈橡胶(NBR)、甲基乙烯基硅橡胶(VMQ)、丁苯橡胶(SBR)、聚氨酯或固化剂活化的含氟弹性体，诸如购自大金工业株式会社的DAI-ELG558。热固性弹性体在高温下需要更长的时间来固化，并且可能需要额外的时间以及设施/工具来现场施加材料。
TPE材料特别适用于EME防护，因为由EME事件导致的火花将最有可能在TPE中提供临时熔体，这将是自密封的并且通过重新凝固而自修复。
可使用施加在密封圆周28内的表面上的底漆或粘合剂来完成表面20的处理，以增强被成型的帽34到该表面的密封。针对金属或热塑性表面的示例性实施方式采用甲乙酮(MEK)、甲苯或聚丙烯酸甲酯(PMA)或者其组合中的树脂溶液，诸如购自陶氏化学公司的Thixon406，作为表面处理。
在各实施方式中，模具26可被机加工，或者本身由诸如购自DuPont的的聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)或类似不粘材料成型，或者是诸如不锈钢的金属。模具26的示例性实施方式详细示出在图3A和图3B中。简单的柱体36结合有内空腔38，作为密封帽模具。与内空腔38连通的注射端口40设置在柱体的上表面41上，以附接至注射系统30(如图1中示出)。溢流端口42设计成允许模具的完全填充。溢流端口42被示出为作为位于柱体的下密封圆周44中的孔。使成型材料溢流创建出柄脚或浇口，该柄脚或浇口不会绑定模具或防止去除，并且在固化之后容易从帽34切除。使用PTFE或用于模具的类似材料为模具空腔提供了“不粘”表面，在完成注射工艺时允许增强模具从密封帽脱离。对于不锈钢或其它金属模具，可采用诸如购自HenkelAdhesivesInternational的700-NCTM的脱模剂，在模具接合在表面20上之前将其喷洒到空腔中。提供了诸如钟形空腔38的模具的细节，以改进竖直壁和表面20之间的过渡。如在图1和图2中概括描绘的，成型的帽34应该具有与平坦表面20的逐步过渡，以更好的结合质量将帽附着至表面。
在各实施方式中，模具26和注射系统30可手动定位在紧固件上，用于成型密封帽；或者可采用自动化系统，采用机器人元件将模具定位在紧固件上。使用机器人系统可通过允许将高压施加到模具上而增强密封帽到表面的附着，以维持成型材料注射和初步固化期间的密封。对于以密集阵列放置在结构中的紧固件，模具可采用多个空腔来覆盖多个紧固件，用于在单个步骤中注射密封帽。
在图4中示出了成型系统的机器人实施的图示。采用机器人50将模具26定位在结构10上的紧固件14之上。在示例性实施方式中采用视觉系统52和控制器54，以自动地定位模具26并且将模具密封在结构10上，用于经由注射系统56来注射成型材料。
如图5示出的，本文中公开的实施方式提供了一种用于将密封帽现场成型在结构性紧固件上的方法。在步骤500，选择插入的紧固件或紧固件阵列。在步骤502，将模具定位在紧固件上，在紧固件的暴露元件周围的表面上提供密封圆周。在步骤504，根据需要，可将脱模剂或类似材料引入到模具的空腔中。另外，在步骤506，在定位模具之前，可将底漆或粘合剂施加到密封圆周内，以增强成型材料到表面的附着和密封。在某些实施方式中，定位模具的步骤可手动完成；并且在其它实施方式中，可采用机器人系统以使模具操纵自动化。在步骤508，采用适于与模具中的空腔连通的注射系统以将成型材料注射到空腔中。在示例性实施方式中，成型材料是TPE，诸如热塑性聚醚酯嵌段共聚物、热塑性含氟弹性体、聚砜(PSU)、聚苯砜(PPSU)或热固性弹性体。在步骤510，在注射成型材料之后，提供初步固化期(对于TPE，与需要化学交联的实际固化的热固性材料相反，该初步固化期是简单的冷却期，这可能很短，因为不涉及化学反应)；在步骤512，然后从表面去除模具，留下成型的密封帽。在步骤514，从密封帽去除无关的浇口或柄脚，留下完成的帽。在步骤516，根据需要，然后可发生完全固化。
本文中本公开用于现场成型紧固件密封帽的示例可在如图6示出的飞行器制造及保养方法600以及如图7示出的飞行器602的背景中进行描述。在预生产期间，示例性方法600可包括飞行器602的规格和设计604以及材料采购606。在生产过程中，进行飞行器602的部件和子组件制造608以及系统整合610。此后，飞行器602可经过检定和交付612，以便投入服役614。在为客户保养期间，飞行器602被安排进行例行维护检修616(这还可包括改造、重构、翻新等)。
可由系统集成商、第三方及/或操作员(例如客户)进行或执行示例性方法600的各个过程。为了本描述之目的，系统集成商可包括但不限于任一数量的飞行器制造商与主系统分包商；第三方可包括但不限于任一数量的供应商、转包商以及供货商；并且操作员可以是航空公司、租赁公司、军事实体、服务组织等。
如图7所示，由示例性方法600生产的飞行器602可包括具有多个系统720与内饰722的机体718。高级系统720的实施例包括推进系统724、电气系统726、液压系统728以及环境系统730中的一个或多个。可包括任一数量的其它系统。
可在制造和维护方法600的任一个或多个阶段中采用本文的用于现场成形紧固件帽而实施的设备和方法。例如，能以类似飞行器602在服务中生产部件或子组件的方式装配或制造对应于制造过程608的部件或子组件。而且，可在生产阶段608和610期间利用所述设备、方法的一个或多个方面或者这些方面的组合，例如大幅地加快飞行器602的装配或减少飞行器602的成本。类似地，可在例如但不限于飞行器602在保养时(例如而非限制，维护检修616时)利用所述设备实施方式、方法实施方式的一个或多个方面或者这些方面的组合。
现在已经根据专利法规的要求详细描述了本公开的各种实施方式，本领域技术人员将认识到本文中公开的具体实施方式的修改和替代。这样的修改在随附权利要求书限定的本公开的范围和意图内。

Claims (20)

1.一种用于密封紧固件的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
提供模具，所述模具具有用于成型材料的进口端口；
将所述模具定位在紧固件上；
将所述模具密封在一结构上；
将成型材料注射到所述模具中；以及
去除所述模具，以留下形成在所述紧固件上并密封至所述结构的现场成型的帽。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述成型材料附着至所述紧固件和所述结构。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述模具在所述结构的围绕所述紧固件的表面上提供密封圆周，所述现场成型的帽密封到在所述密封圆周内的所述表面。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述成型材料是热塑性弹性体。
5.如权利要求3所述的方法，其中，所述热塑性弹性体选自热塑性聚醚酯嵌段共聚物、热塑性含氟弹性体、聚砜(PSU)或聚苯砜(PPSU)构成的组。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述成型材料是热固性弹性体。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，其中，所述热固性弹性体选自三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)、氟橡胶(FKM)、氯丁橡胶(CR)、丁腈橡胶(NBR)、甲基乙烯基硅橡胶(VMQ)、丁苯橡胶(SBR)或聚氨酯构成的组。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述模具由聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)形成。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法，所述方法进一步包括：在定位所述模具的步骤之前，将脱模剂喷洒到所述模具内的空腔中。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法，所述方法进一步包括：在定位所述模具的步骤之前，向所述表面施加表面处理。
11.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，用手持式枪执行注射成型材料的步骤。
12.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，施加所述模具的步骤以及密封所述模具的步骤是自动化的。
13.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述紧固件包括紧固件阵列，并且定位所述模具的步骤包括将所述模具定位在该紧固件阵列上。
14.一种用于现场注射成型紧固件帽的系统，所述系统包括：
模具，所述模具具有：
空腔，所述空腔被设定尺寸成接收在一结构中的紧固件上；
进口端口，所述进口端口与所述空腔连通，以接收成型材料；
圆周密封表面，所述圆周密封表面被设定尺寸成在所述结构的环绕所述紧固件的表面上提供密封圆周；以及
注射系统，所述注射系统适于通过所述进口端口提供成型材料。
15.如权利要求14所述的用于现场注射成型紧固件帽的系统，其中，所述模具结合有溢流端口。
16.如权利要求14所述的用于现场注射成型紧固件帽的系统，其中，所述模具适于接收热塑性弹性体作为所述成型材料。
17.如权利要求16所述的用于现场注射成型紧固件帽的系统，其中，所述模具由聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)形成。
18.如权利要求16所述的用于现场注射成型紧固件帽的系统，其中，所述模具由不锈钢形成。
19.一种用于结构中的紧固件的密封帽，所述密封帽包括：
成型材料，所述成型材料现场形成在模具中，所述模具具有：
空腔，所述空腔被设定尺寸成接收在一结构中的紧固件上；
进口端口，所述进口端口与所述空腔连通，以接收成型材料；以及
圆周密封表面，所述圆周密封表面被设定尺寸成在所述结构的环绕所述紧固件的表面上提供密封圆周；
所述成型材料附着至所述表面和所述紧固件，并且密封至在所述密封圆周中的所述表面。
20.如权利要求19所述的密封帽，其中，所述成型材料是热塑性弹性体。
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